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Dou X, Wu Q, Luo S, Yang J, Dong B, Wang L, Qu H, Zheng L. A miniaturized biosensor for rapid detection of tetracycline based on a graphene field-effect transistor with an aptamer modified gate. Talanta 2024; 271:125702. [PMID: 38271844 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic for human, poultry and livestock that may cause health damage when enriched in humans. Therefore, it is essential to create a rapid tetracycline assay with high sensitivity, specificity and portability. In this study, a miniaturized tetracycline biosensor based on aptamer-modified graphene field-effect transistor (Apt-SGGT) was fabricated and two detection strategies using transfer characteristic curves and real-time channel current were established for different circumstances. The detection limits of the two strategies were 2.073 pM and 100 pM, respectively. The biosensor also demonstrated outstanding stability, anti-interference and specificity ability. Finally, the biosensor was employed to detect the content of tetracycline in Skim Milk with outstanding recovery rate. We believe that the miniaturized Apt-SGGT biosensor with appropriate detection strategies will provide an ideal portable sensing platform for many important analytes in food with superior selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Dou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qingliu Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Songjia Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Baolei Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hao Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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2
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Wang J, Chen W, Cao L, Zhou M, Geng Y, Liu Y, Ding S, Fu DY. Glutathione S-transferase templated copper nanoclusters as a fluorescent probe for turn-on sensing of chlorotetracycline. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:722-731. [PMID: 38235074 PMCID: PMC10791131 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hereby, facile-green copper nanoclusters templated by glutathione S-transferase (GST-CuNCs) have been innovatively synthesized via a simple one-pot stirring method at room temperature. The as-prepared nanoclusters exhibited uniform size with satisfactory fluorescence intensity, good stability and low cytotoxicity. Significantly, the fluorescence of the obtained GST-CuNCs could be considerably enhanced by the addition of chlorotetracycline (CTC) rather than other analogues of CTC, which was ascribed to the aggregation-induced enhancement caused by the interaction between CTC and GST. The enhanced fluorescence intensity demonstrated a good linear correlation with the CTC concentration in the range of 30-120 μM (R2 = 0.99517), and the low detection limit was 69.7 nM. Furthermore, the proposed approach showed favorable selectivity and anti-interference toward CTC among prevalent ions and amino acids. Additionally, this nanoprobe was also applied to the quantitative detection of CTC in serum samples with satisfactory outcomes, which demonstrated excellent prospects for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Wenting Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
- Rudong Country People's Hospital No. 2 Jianghai West Road, Chengzhong Street, Rudong County Nantong 226400 China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Mengyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Yongkang Geng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001 China
| | - Shushu Ding
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Ding-Yi Fu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University No. 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
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Khafi M, Javadi A, Reza Afshar Mogaddam M. Combination of three-phase extraction with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of some antibiotics from egg samples prior to HPLC-DAD. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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Phomai K, Supharoek SA, Vichapong J, Grudpan K, Ponhong K. One-pot co-extraction of dispersive solid phase extraction employing iron-tannic nanoparticles assisted cloud point extraction for the determination of tetracyclines by high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2023; 252:123852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang M, Yu H, Tang X, Zhu X, Deng S, Chen W. Multifunctional Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescence Detection for Sudan I, Sudan IV and Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Foods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234166. [PMID: 36500788 PMCID: PMC9738507 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sudan dyes are strictly prohibited from being added to edible products as carcinogens and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) remaining in animal-derived food may cause harm to the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a high-sensitivity, simple and convenient method for the detection of Sudan dyes and TC in foods for safety purposes. In this work, multifunctional blue fluorescent carbon dots (B-CDs) were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis using glucose as the carbon source. The results show that the fluorescence intensity of B-CDs was significantly affected by the acidity of the solution and can be quenched by Sudan I, IV and TC through selective studies. Interestingly, the fluorescence quenching intensities of B-CDs have a good linear relationship with the concentration of Sudan I and IV at pH = 3-7. The wide range of pH is beneficial to broaden the application of B-CDs in a practical samples analysis. The method has been successfully applied to real food samples of tomato paste, palm oil and honey, and the detection limits are 26.3 nM, 54.2 nM and 31.1 nM for Sudan I, Sudan IV and TC, respectively. This method integrates Sudan dyes and TC into the same multifunctional B-CDs, which shows that the sensor has a great potential in food safety detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Xiaodan Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
| | - Shuping Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hollow Fibre-Supported Liquid Membrane for the Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Egg Samples. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3918970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a three-phase hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane (HF-SLM) technique incorporated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) was developed for the extraction, clean-up, and determination of fifteen sulfonamide residues in chicken egg samples. The residues were extracted from the 5 mL sample solution of pH 2.5 into a thin layer of organic phase (1-octanol with 10% TOPO) immobilised in hollow fibre pores and then back-extracted into approximately 6 μL of aqueous phase (pH 13) located in the lumen of the hollow fibre. After extraction, 6 μL of the acceptor phase was injected into an HPLC instrument for subsequent analysis. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values ranged from 0.8–7.9 μg·kg−1 and from 2.4–21.0 μg·kg−1, respectively, linearity in the range of 5 1 000 μg·kg−1, and intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) values at three concentration levels (50, 100, and 500 μg·L−1) ranged from 6.2–15.7%, 7.3–15.0%, and 7.3–14.6%; and 6.4–17.4%, 4.3–16.2%, and 8.3–16.5%, respectively, were obtained. The accuracy of the method, expressed as percentage recovery, was in the range of 71.0–98.7%, with corresponding %RSD (n = 6) values ranging from 1.9–9.9% being obtained. The developed method provided enrichment factors in the range of 17.1 to 541.4. The applicability of the proposed method was also evaluated by analysing egg samples, which were randomly collected from local supermarkets located in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The results obtained revealed that the developed method has the potential to be used as an alternative method for the determination of sulfonamide residues in egg and related complex samples.
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Lu M, Chen Y, Lu Z, Xu C, Qiu Z, Wang Y. A Novel Biosensor Based on AAO Nanochannels Modified with ZnS Nanostructure for Sensitive Detection of Tetracycline. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moyo B, Tavengwa NT. Enrichment of tetracycline residues from honey samples using carrier-mediated hollow fibre liquid-phase micro-extraction and quantification by LC-Q-TOF/MS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3204-3212. [PMID: 34791661 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, development and validation of a simple, miniaturized and, environmentally friendly carrier-mediated three-phase hollow-fibre liquid-phase micro-extraction (HFLPME) technique was investigated for the enrichment of tetracycline residues in honey samples. The extracts were analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS). Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HFLPME such as pH of the donor and acceptor solutions, salt addition, agitation speed and extraction time were optimized. RESULTS The calibration curves showed good linearity, in the range of 1-100 μg kg-1 with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9943 and 0.9992, under the optimized conditions. Recoveries of blank honey samples at three spiking levels (1, 10 and 20 μg kg-1 ) ranged from 81.2% to 107.5%. Relative standard deviations for the precision of the method were less than 15.0%. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.0861-0.2628 μg kg-1 and 0.2610-0.7964 μg kg-1 , respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied in the extraction of five tetracyclines from honey samples. Doxycycline residue detected in one of the commercial honey samples was below the limit of quantification. CONCLUSION Because of the advantages offered by HFLPME, this method can be employed as an alternative to conventional extraction techniques for the clean-up and pre-concentration of antibiotics in complex matrices, including food samples. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babra Moyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Nikita T Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Rahimi Moghadam M, Zargar B, Rastegarzadeh S. Determination of Tetracycline Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Followed by HPLC-UV System. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:999-1004. [PMID: 33769487 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetracyclines (TCs) are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that may be used to control bacterial diseases in humans or are applied as feed additives to enhance growth in farm animals. TCs are released into the aquatic environment via different pathways. Many analytical methods combined with a preconcentration step have been introduced for the determination of TC in various environmental samples. OBJECTIVE The objective this paper is developing reliable analytical methods for determination of TC trace in various environmental samples. METHOD In the present work, combined ultrasound-assisted and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction according to the solidification of floating organic drop as a sample preconcentration procedure for determining TC hydrochloride HPLC in water and serum samples was used. RESULTS A series of parameters, including the type and volume of disperser and extraction solvents, salt effect, extraction time, and pH of solution influencing the extraction efficiency of UA-DLLME-SFO was examined. Enrichment factors were in the range of 125-137 for TC hydrochloride under optimum conditions. The linear range was calculated from 0.005 to 3 mg/L and LOD at 0.002 mg/L. RSDs were in the range of 2.7 to 3.2 (n = 5). The UA-DLLME-SFO method used in water and serum samples revealed good extraction recoveries with RSD of 2.7-4.3%. CONCLUSIONS This method significantly decreased the organic solvent volume from 3 mL to 90 µL, also LOD and linear ranges were lower than or almost close to levels obtained in other research studies. In this procedure, an ultrasound bath enhanced the mixing and contact between the sample solution and the extraction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Rahimi Moghadam
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Zargar
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saadat Rastegarzadeh
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
The multiple therapeutic potentials of tetracycline and its worldwide usage have encouraged researchers to develop various methods for its assay in various matrices and for different purposes. In this regard, different analytical techniques have been exploited. Among those techniques is flow injection (FI), which is an extended family of three generations and five versions. The current manuscript reviews the utilization of FI techniques for developing assay methods for tetracycline. The review covers more than forty methods, since the inception of FI techniques and up to date. The review highlights the advantages of the application of FI techniques for quantification of tetracycline in terms of reagent consumption, sample frequency, accuracy, and practitioner safety, besides instrumentation simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The review also addresses applications to several matrices ranging from simple matrices such as standard solutions and pharmaceutical formulations to complex matrices such as biological fluids and food. Prior to the review, a brief background on the principles and developments of FI techniques is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed D Y Oteef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Qiao J, Liu W, Qi L. Boosting the peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoclusters for the colorimetric detection of oxytetracycline in rat serum. Analyst 2021; 146:5061-5066. [PMID: 34296710 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs)-based nanozymes have been studied widely as they provide unrivaled advantages in terms of preferable enzyme-like activities, high stability, and good biocompatibility. Although the enzyme-like catalytic activity of AuNCs has been the object of extensive investigation, understanding how charges or reactive oxygen species on the surfaces of AuNCs can enhance their catalytic performance in the colorimetric sensing of drugs by regulating the catalytic activity of AuNCs is still a big challenge. Herein, l-tryptophanonitrile (LTN)-protected AuNCs (LTN@AuNCs) were prepared, and their nanozyme activity was investigated in the catalytic oxidation process of the peroxidase substrate, namely 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, in the prescence of hydrogen peroxide. Oxytetracycline induced the aggregation of LTN@AuNCs due to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged LTN@AuNCs and the negatively charged drug. Importantly, the aggregated LTN@AuNCs produced more reactive oxygen species and significantly boosted their peroxidase-like activity. Subsequently, a colorimetric method for highly specific and sensitive detection of oxytetracycline was establised. The ultraviolet-visible absorbance at a wavelength of 650 nm of the aggregated-LTN@AuNCs exhibited a good linear relationship with oxytetracycline in a range of 0.5-15.0 μM (R2 = 0.994). The limit of detection was 0.3 μM. After oxytetracycline was abdominally injected in rats, the metabolic process of the drug in serums was further investigated by using the proposed sensing protocol. The improvable catalytic activity capability of the AuNCs-based nanozymes discloses its great potential in real bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China. and School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China. and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P. R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China. and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Sereshti H, Karami F, Nouri N, Farahani A. Electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction based on a conductive polyaniline-graphene oxide nanocomposite for extraction of tetracyclines in milk and water. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2304-2311. [PMID: 33006378 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetracycline antibiotics are employed for human and animal health and for speeding up growth rates. However, their presence in food products and environmental waters has been a concern for some years. Therefore, a variety of sample preparation methods have been developed for the analysis of tetracycline residues in these matrices. RESULTS An electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction based on a modified copper electrode with polyaniline/graphene oxide (PANI/GO) conductive nanocomposite was developed for the extraction of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and doxycycline before high-performance liquid chromatography-UV analysis. PANI/GO was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and bound on the electrode using high purity conductive double-sided adhesive carbon glue. The significant factors affecting the performance of microextraction were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions [sample, 15 mL; sorbent, 10 mg; pH, 3.0; electroextraction voltage, -0.9 V; electroextraction time, 20 min; eluent (MeOH/NH3 ), 500 μL; and desorption time, 5 min], the limits of detection for target analytes were in the ranges 0.32-1.01 and 2.42-7.59 μg L-1 in water and milk samples, respectively. The linear ranges were 1.06-750 μg L-1 for water and 8.05-750 μg L-1 for milk samples. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 2.32-3.80 and 3.29-4.25, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of analytes in milk and water samples with different fat contents, and the recoveries were obtained in the range 71-104%. CONCLUSION The developed electro-microextraction method provides a facile, rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and efficient promising procedure for the extraction of antibiotics in complex matrices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Karami
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Nouri
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farahani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Y, Liu B, Huang P, Wu FY, Ma L. Concentration-dependent photoluminescence carbon dots for visual recognition and detection of three tetracyclines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2565-2575. [PMID: 33651120 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Concentration-dependent photoluminescence carbon dots (CDs) have been successfully synthesized through the one-step hydrothermal treatment of o-phthalic acid and ethylenediamine. The CDs possessed higher fluorescence quantum yield, up to 39.22%, exhibiting distinguished optical property, water solubility, and stability. The CDs that emit strong blue-green fluorescence can visually identify and determine tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC). TC quenched the fluorescence of CDs at 500 nm owing to the inner filter effect; OTC behaved similarly, but the emission wavelength of CDs was red-shifted to 515 nm. Inversely, once CTC was introduced to CDs solution, the fluorescence increased and the emission peak was blue-shifted to 450 nm. Bandgap transition and electrostatic interaction were proposed to be the mechanisms for the detection of OTC and CTC by CDs. Wide linear relationships were established for TC, OTC, and CTC with the limits of detection to be 50 nM, 36 nM, and 373 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the nanoscale probe constructed by this system has been applied to detect tetracyclines (TCs) in complex samples with satisfying recoveries (93.2-114%) and was designed as a portable test strip sensor for visually on-site TCs of honey sample screening. Accordingly, the preparation process of the nano fluorescent probe is simple and environmentally friendly, and the probe has a specific recognition ability for tetracyclines. The synthesized CDs in this work provide a new orientation for fast, effective, and visual real-time detection of tetracycline in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Huang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fang-Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lihua Ma
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Houston at Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
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Dong ZM, Cheng L, Sun T, Zhao GC, Kan X. Carboxylation modified meso-porous carbon aerogel templated by ionic liquid for solid-phase microextraction of trace tetracyclines residues using HPLC with UV detection. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yohannes A, Li J, Yao S. Various metal organic frameworks combined with imidazolium, quinolinum and benzothiazolium ionic liquids for removal of three antibiotics from water. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Application of Hollow Fibre-Liquid Phase Microextraction Technique for Isolation and Pre-Concentration of Pharmaceuticals in Water. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10110311. [PMID: 33137884 PMCID: PMC7693864 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a comprehensive review of applications of the hollow fibre-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) for the isolation and pre-concentration of pharmaceuticals in water samples is presented. HF-LPME is simple, affordable, selective, and sensitive with high enrichment factors of up to 27,000-fold reported for pharmaceutical analysis. Both configurations (two- and three-phase extraction systems) of HF-LPME have been applied in the extraction of pharmaceuticals from water, with the three-phase system being more prominent. When compared to most common sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, HF-LPME is a greener analytical chemistry process due to reduced solvent consumption, miniaturization, and the ability to automate. However, the automation comes at an added cost related to instrumental set-up, but a reduced cost is associated with lower reagent consumption as well as shortened overall workload and time. Currently, many researchers are investigating ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as environmentally friendly chemicals that could lead to full classification of HF-LPME as a green analytical procedure.
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Hofsäss MA, Dressman J. Evaluation of Differences in Dosage Form Performance of Generics Using BCS-Based Biowaiver Specifications and Biopharmaceutical Modeling–Case Examples Amoxicillin and Doxycycline. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2437-2453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qian J, Xing C, Ge Y, Li R, Li A, Yan W. Gold nanostars-enhanced Raman fingerprint strip for rapid detection of trace tetracycline in water samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 232:118146. [PMID: 32086043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of antibiotics at trace levels in food represents a great challenge. Tetracycline (TC), as a sort of broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been extensively used in animal infection therapy and animal husbandry as growth promoters. Large amounts of TC residues in animal-derived foods affect food quality and safety, and cause undesirable side effects such as allergic reactions and bacterial antibiotic resistance. Here, a Raman fingerprint strip sensor was reported based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology and demonstrated for ultrasensitive detection of TC. In this approach, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) modified gold nanostars (GNSs) were used as a strong Raman reporter, which was coated with anti-TC monoclonal antibody serving as a biorecognition to acquire both visual and Raman signals on the test line. To demonstrate the performance of this strip, TC standard solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL was detected, the limit of the detection (LOD) for the Raman signal was 0.04 ng/mL, which was 100 times more sensitive than those of color intensity quantifications. The other analogues, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline were detected using this method, making them suitable for the samples with TC analogues screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changrui Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yonghui Ge
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Li
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aitong Li
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Khan WA, Arain MB, Yamini Y, Shah N, Kazi TG, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Tajik M. Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction followed by analytical instrumental techniques for quantitative analysis of heavy metal ions and pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:109-122. [PMID: 32373384 PMCID: PMC7192972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and electromembrane extraction (EME) are miniaturized extraction techniques, and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals, drugs and other organic compounds, in recent years. HF-LPME and EME provide high selectivity, efficient sample cleanup and enrichment, and reduce the consumption of organic solvents to a few micro-liters per sample. HF-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical instruments for chromatography, electrophoresis, atomic spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical detection. HF-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent years. This review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques (especially HF-LPME and EME) of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals (published 2017 to May 2019), and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Balal Arain
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Tajik
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Elahe Bozorgzadeh, Shariati S, Esmaeilnejad A. Central Composite Design for Optimizing Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction of Carbamazepine from Aqueous and Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Carrier-mediated hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for preconcentration followed by spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Ali TA, Mohamed GG, El-Sonbati AZ, Diab MA, Elkfass AM. A Potentiometric Sensor for Determination of Doxycycline Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparation and Biological Fluids. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:32-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Cao J, Yao Y, Fan K, Tan G, Xiang W, Xia X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang L. Harnessing a previously unidentified capability of bacterial allosteric transcription factors for sensing diverse small molecules in vitro. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau4602. [PMID: 30498782 PMCID: PMC6261655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of bacterial allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) have been identified to sense a variety of small molecules. Introduction of a novel aTF-based approach to sense diverse small molecules in vitro will signify a broad series of detection applications. Here, we found that aTFs could interact with their nicked DNA binding sites. Building from this new finding, we designed and implemented a novel aTF-based nicked DNA template-assisted signal transduction system (aTF-NAST) by using the competition between aTFs and T4 DNA ligase to bind to the nicked DNA. This aTF-NAST could reliably and modularly transduce the signal of small molecules recognized by aTFs to the ligated DNA signal, thus enabling the small molecules to be measured via various mature and robust DNA detection methods. Coupling this aTF-NAST with three DNA detection methods, we demonstrated nine novel biosensors for the detection of an antiseptic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a disease marker uric acid and an antibiotic tetracycline. These biosensors show impressive sensitivity and robustness in real-life analysis, highlighting the great potential of our aTF-NAST for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (L.Z.); (W.W.); (S.L.)
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Al-Afy N, Sereshti H, Hijazi A, Rashidi Nodeh H. Determination of three tetracyclines in bovine milk using magnetic solid phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:480-488. [PMID: 30008304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel analytical method namely magnetic solid phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed and used for the extraction/preconcentration of tetracycline (TCN), oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxycycline (DC) from bovine milk sample before HPLC-UV analysis. The β-cyclodextrin functionalized silica-coated magnetic graphene oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2@GO-β-CD) was used as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was fully characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDX and Zeta potential techniques. The effective parameters on the performance of the method such as extraction solvent type and volume, adsorbent amount, desorption solvent type and volume, disperser solvent type, desorption time, ionic strength and pH value were investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained in the ranges of 1.8-2.9 μg L-1 and 6.1-9.7 μg L-1, respectively. The linearity was in the range of 10.0-200.0 μg L-1 with satisfactory determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9929 and a good precision (RSD < 8.8%). The recovery percentages for the analytes in real samples (bovine milk and water) were achieved in a range from 70.6 to 121.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Afy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, P.O. Box: 31745-139, Iran
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27
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Liu X, Lu S, Guo W, Xi B, Wang W. Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: A review of lakes, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 94:736-757. [PMID: 30857084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential threat of antibiotics to the environment and human health has raised significant concerns in recent years. The consumption and production of antibiotics in China are the highest in the world due to its rapid economic development and huge population, possibly resulting in the high detection frequencies and concentrations of antibiotics in aquatic environments of China. As a water resource, lakes in China play an important role in sustainable economic and social development. Understanding the current state of antibiotics in lakes in China is important. Closed and semi-closed lakes provide an ideal medium for the accumulation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This review summarizes the current levels of antibiotic exposure in relevant environmental compartments in lakes. The ecological and health risks of antibiotics are also evaluated. This review concludes that 39 antibiotics have been detected in the aquatic environments of lakes in China. The levels of antibiotic contamination in lakes in China is relatively high on the global scale. Antibiotic contamination is higher in sediment than water and aquatic organisms. Quinolone antibiotics (QNs) pose the greatest risks. The contents of antibiotics in aquatic organisms are far lower than their maximum residual limits (MRLs), with the exception of the organisms in Honghu Lake. The lakes experience high levels of ARG contamination. A greater assessment of ARG presence and antibiotic exposure are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 1002206, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
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28
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Pellerano RG, Pezza L, Pezza HR. An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination. Talanta 2018; 182:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Jalalian SH, Karimabadi N, Ramezani M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM. Electrochemical and optical aptamer-based sensors for detection of tetracyclines. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Mao YH, Song AX, Yao ZP, Wu JY. Protective effects of natural and partially degraded konjac glucomannan on Bifidobacteria against antibiotic damage. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:368-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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A new approach for the extraction of tetracyclines from soil matrices: application of the microwave-extraction technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1697-1707. [PMID: 29350257 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of tetracyclines (TCs) in animal husbandry is associated with their constant penetration into the environment and the threat they might pose to living organisms. While the literature data on the analysis of these substances in such matrices as food, tissues, or wastewater are quite extensive, there are still only a few methods presented for the determination of these compounds in soil samples. Moreover, among the literature methods for the extraction of TCs from soil samples, microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE) was used only once and in combination with liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (LC-UV). However, according to the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the use of LC-UV for the determination of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, in environmental samples is not sufficient. Therefore, the development and application of a sensitive and selective method using the MAE-SPE-LC-MS/MS(MRM) technique for the isolation and identification of a mixture of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in soils is presented in our study. The credibility of this method has been confirmed with good parameters of validation. The optimal extraction conditions of three TCs using MAE techniques were to conduct double extraction for 10 min each, at 60 °C, using a mixture of ACN:McIlvaine buffer:0.1 M EDTA (2:1:1, v/v/v) and an additional cleaning of the extracts by SPE. The effectiveness of the extraction of these compounds was assessed based on two different ways (absolute recovery from 46 to 65.1% and relative recovery from 101.1 to 109.5%). Finally, the validated MAE-SPE-LC-MS/MS(MRM) method was used for the analysis of six samples from agricultural areas of northern Poland. OTC and TC, at concentrations of 11.7 and 14.5 μg kg-1 were determined in two different samples. An assessment of risk quotients was also performed. The presented method was proven to be a useful tool in the analysis of residues of selected TCs in the soil ecosystem. Obtained data on the presence of these drugs in Polish soils is the first report for this country.
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32
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Moreno-González D, Krulišová M, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM. Determination of tetracyclines in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis in combination with field amplified sample injection. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:608-615. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Markéta Krulišová
- Charles University; Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Charles University; Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ana M. García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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33
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Bahrami A, Ghamari F, Yamini Y, Ghorbani Shahna F, Koolivand A. Ion-pair-based hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of urinary benzene, toluene, and styrene metabolites. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:501-508. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Bahrami
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health; Occupational Health and Safety Research Center; School of Public health; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Farhad Ghamari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering; Faculty of Health; Arak University of Medical Sciences; Arak Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Farshid Ghorbani Shahna
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health; Occupational Health and Safety Research Center; School of Public health; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; Faculty of Health; Arak University of Medical Sciences; Arak Iran
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Xu H, Mi HY, Guan MM, Shan HY, Fei Q, Huan YF, Zhang ZQ, Feng GD. Residue analysis of tetracyclines in milk by HPLC coupled with hollow fiber membranes-based dynamic liquid-liquid micro-extraction. Food Chem 2017; 232:198-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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de Faria HD, Rosa MA, Silveira AT, Figueiredo EC. Direct extraction of tetracyclines from bovine milk using restricted access carbon nanotubes in a column switching liquid chromatography system. Food Chem 2017; 225:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Gao J, Wang H, Qu J, Wang H, Wang X. Development and optimization of a naphthoic acid-based ionic liquid as a “non-organic solvent microextraction” for the determination of tetracycline antibiotics in milk and chicken eggs. Food Chem 2017; 215:138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Ganjikhah M, Shariati S, Bozorgzadeh E. Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of formaldehyde using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on derivatization by Hantzsch reaction. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-1026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Alsharif AMA, Tan GH, Choo YM, Lawal A. Efficiency of Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Chromatography Methods in the Separation of Organic Compounds: A Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:378-391. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Ali Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Arab Centre for Desertification and Development of Saharian Societies, Murzuk, Libya
| | - Guan-Huat Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeun-Mun Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina, Nigeria
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39
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Long C, Deng B, Sun S, Meng S. Simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline, ampicillin and sarafloxacin in milk using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:24-31. [PMID: 27805474 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1254820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A fast, inexpensive and sensitive approach for the simultaneous determination of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin in milk was developed using capillary electrophoresis coupled with an electrochemiluminescence detector. Under the optimal detection conditions, the linear ranges for chlortetracyline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were 0.030-5.0, 0.050-5.0 and 0.0040-2.0 μg ml-1, respectively. The correlation coefficients of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were determined as 0.9997, 0.9952 and 0.9978, respectively. Detection limits (S/N = 3) of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin were found as 0.017, 0.018 and 0.0013 μg ml-1, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the determination of chlortetracycline, ampicilline and sarafloxacin in milk. The recoveries were between 95.3% and 100%. The relative standard deviations of the detection limit and recovery were less than 2.6% and 3.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Long
- a Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin , China
| | - Biyang Deng
- a Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin , China
| | - Shuangjiao Sun
- a Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin , China
| | - Sa Meng
- a Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin , China
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40
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Aladaghlo Z, Fakhari AR, Hasheminasab KS. Application of electromembrane extraction followed by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry analysis as a fast and sensitive technique for determination of tricyclic antidepressants in urine samples. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Tajabadi F, Ghambarian M, Yamini Y, Yazdanfar N. Combination of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction followed by HPLC-DAD and multivariate curve resolution to determine antibacterial residues in foods of animal origin. Talanta 2016; 160:400-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Ncube S, Poliwoda A, Tutu H, Wieczorek P, Chimuka L. Multivariate optimization of the hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction of muscimol in human urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:372-381. [PMID: 27631575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A liquid phase microextraction based on hollow fibre followed by liquid chromatographic determination was developed for the extraction and quantitation of the hallucinogenic muscimol from urine samples. Method applicability on polar hallucinogens was also tested on two alkaloids, a psychedelic hallucinogen, tryptamine and a polar amino acid, tryptophan which exists in its charged state in the entire pH range. A multivariate design of experiments was used in which a half fractional factorial approach was applied to screen six factors (donor phase pH, acceptor phase HCl concentration, carrier composition, stirring rate, extraction time and salt content) for their extent of vitality in carrier mediated liquid microextractions. Four factors were deemed essential for the effective extraction of each analyte. The vital factors were further optimized for the extraction of single-spiked analyte solutions using a central composite design. When the simultaneous extraction of analytes was performed under universal factor conditions biased towards maximizing the enrichment of muscimol, a good composite desirability value of 0.687 was obtained. The method was finally applied on spiked urine samples with acceptable enrichments of 4.1, 19.7 and 24.1 obtained for muscimol, tryptophan and tryptamine respectively. Matrix-based calibration curves were used to address matrix effects. The r(2) values of the matrix-based linear regression prediction models ranged from 0.9933 to 0.9986. The linearity of the regression line of the matrix-based calibration curves for each analyte was directly linked to the analyte enrichment repeatability which ranged from an RSD value of 8.3-13.1%. Limits of detection for the developed method were 5.12, 3.10 and 0.21ngmL(-1) for muscimol, tryptophan and tryptamine respectively. The developed method has proven to offer a viable alternative for the quantitation of muscimol in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somandla Ncube
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Anna Poliwoda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Pl. Kopernika 11, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Pl. Kopernika 11, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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43
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Asadi M, Haji Shabani AM, Dadfarnia S. Simultaneous extraction and quantification of albendazole and triclabendazole using vortex-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2238-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Yazd University; Yazd Iran
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Taghdisi SM, Danesh NM, Ramezani M, Abnous K. A novel M-shape electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of tetracyclines. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:509-514. [PMID: 27213268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques for detection and quantitation of tetracyclines in food products are greatly in demand. In this study, a novel electrochemical aptasensor was designed for ultrasensitive and selective detection of tetracyclines, based on M-shape structure of aptamer (Apt)-complementary strands of aptamer (CSs) complex, exonuclease I (Exo I) and gold electrode. The aptasensor was developed to make a noticeable electrochemical difference in the absence and presence of tetracycline. In the absence of tetracycline, the M-shape structure, which acts as a gate and barrier for the access of redox probe to the surface of gold electrode remains intact, leading to a weak electrochemical signal. Upon addition of tetracycline, Apt leaves CSs, resulting in disassembly of M-shape structure and following the addition of Exo I, a strong electrochemical signal was observed. The developed analytical assay indicated high selectivity toward tetracycline with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 450 pM. Moreover, the designed aptasensor was effectively used for the detection of tetracycline in milk and serum samples with LODs of 740 and 710 pM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Noor Mohammad Danesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Research Institute of Sciences and New Technology, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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45
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Mookantsa S, Dube S, Nindi M. Development and application of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of tetracyclines in beef by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 148:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Jung IY, Lee EH, Suh AY, Lee SJ, Lee H. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors for in vitro diagnostics and environmental hazard detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2383-406. [PMID: 26781106 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based biosensors have drawn much attention because of their broad applications in in vitro diagnostics and environmental hazard detection. They are particularly of interest to many researchers because of their high specificity as well as excellent sensitivity. Recently, oligonucleotide-based biosensors have been used to achieve not only genetic detection of targets but also the detection of small molecules, peptides, and proteins. This has further broadened the applications of these sensors in the medical and health care industry. In this review, we highlight various examples of oligonucleotide-based biosensors for the detection of diseases, drugs, and environmentally hazardous chemicals. Each example is provided with detailed schematics of the detection mechanism in addition to the supporting experimental results. Furthermore, future perspectives and new challenges in oligonucleotide-based biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Fashi A, Khanban F, Yaftian MR, Zamani A. Improved electromembrane microextraction efficiency of chloramphenicol in dairy products: the cooperation of reduced graphene oxide and a cationic surfactant. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperation effect of reduced graphene oxide in the SLM and CTAB in the donor solution improves the EME performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Fashi
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Fatemeh Khanban
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaftian
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Abbasali Zamani
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental Science
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
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48
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Development of a polymer inclusion membrane-based passive sampler for monitoring of sulfamethoxazole in natural waters. Minimizing the effect of the flow pattern of the aquatic system. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Ma M, Tan Y, Tang H, Chen B. Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase. Talanta 2015; 144:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Doxycycline hinders phenylalanine fibril assemblies revealing a potential novel therapeutic approach in phenylketonuria. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15902. [PMID: 26510963 PMCID: PMC4625134 DOI: 10.1038/srep15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm for the aetiopathology of phenylketonuria suggests the presence of amyloid-like assemblies in the brains of transgenic mouse models and patients with phenylketonuria, possibly shedding light on the selective cognitive deficit associated with this disease. Paralleling the amyloidogenic route that identifies different stages of peptide aggregation, corresponding to different levels of toxicity, we experimentally address for the first time, the physico-chemical properties of phenylalanine aggregates via Small Angle, Wide Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy. Results are consistent with the presence of well-structured, aligned fibres generated by milliMolar concentrations of phenylalanine. Moreover, the amyloid-modulating doxycycline agent affects the local structure of phenylalanine aggregates, preventing the formation of well-ordered crystalline structures. Phenylalanine assemblies prove toxic in vitro to immortalized cell lines and primary neuronal cells. Furthermore, these assemblies also cause dendritic sprouting alterations and synaptic protein impairment in neurons. Doxycycline counteracts these toxic effects, suggesting an approach for the development of future innovative non-dietary preventive therapies.
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