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Briki M, Murisier A, Guidi M, Seydoux C, Buclin T, Marzolini C, Girardin FR, Thoma Y, Carrara S, Choong E, Decosterd LA. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic anticancer drugs: An update. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124039. [PMID: 38490042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, there is increasing evidence that conventional cytotoxic agents may be suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)- guided drug dosage adjustments and patient's tailored personalization of non-selective chemotherapies. To that end, many liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have been developed for the quantification of conventional cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapies, that have been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The use of stable isotopically labelled internal standards (IS) of cytotoxic drugs was strikingly uncommon, accounting for only 48 % of the methods found, although their use could possible to suitably circumvent patients' samples matrix effects variability. Furthermore, this approach would increase the reliability of cytotoxic drug quantification in highly multi-mediated cancer patients with complex fluctuating pathophysiological and clinical conditions. LC-MS/MS assays can accommodate multiplexed analyses of cytotoxic drugs with optimal selectivity and specificity as well as short analytical times and, when using stable-isotopically labelled IS for quantification, provide concentrations measurements with a high degree of certainty. However, there are still organisational, pharmacological, and medical constraints to tackle before TDM of cytotoxic drugs can be more largely adopted in the clinics for contributing to our ever-lasting quest to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Briki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Murisier
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Seydoux
- Internal Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Marzolini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F R Girardin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Thoma
- School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - S Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - E Choong
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L A Decosterd
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Khan SI, Hassan A, Bano R, Gilani MA, Marty JL, Zhang H, Hayat A. An innovative and universal dual-signal ratiometric spectro-electrochemical imprinted sensor design for sandwich type detection of anticancer-drug, gemcitabine, in serum samples; cross validation via computational modeling. Talanta 2024; 267:125233. [PMID: 37774453 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
An innovative and universal imprinted sensor design for sandwich type detection of gemcitabine (GMT) in human serum samples is described. GMT is widely used in the treatment of different tumors, such as lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and breast cancer. The serum albumin-drug interaction was translated to design a multifunctional, ratiometric and dual mode silver nanoparticle based probe (BSA-Ag nanoprobe), as a read out system. Subsequently, polypyrrol imprinted drug receptor sites was engineered to selectively capture the GMT on the transducer surface. The GMT was sandwiched between imprinted receptor surface and BSA-Ag nanoprobe to generate the spectro-electrochemical signals. The formation of nanoprobe was confirmed through various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) analysis, while each step of sensor fabrication was characterized via field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Static water Contact angle measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different variable parameters were optimized to improve the analytical performance of the sensor design. Under optimal conditions, spectro-electrochemical sensor permitted linear ranges between 1 and 200 μmol L-1 and 0.5-200 μmol L-1, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μmol L-1 and 0.15 μmol L-1 respectively. Furthermore, the designed sensor successfully differentiated the serum samples of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The obtained results were validated with standard Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of the patients and healthy volunteer's serum samples. Lastly, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking calculations revealed the enhanced GMT binding capability of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole and molecular level interaction between the GMT and BSA, to validate the sandwich sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Ijaz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSAT University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSAT University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Bano
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, PO Box 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSAT University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 1.5 KM Defence Road Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Sharkawi MMZ, Mohamed NR, El-Saadi MT, Amin NH. Determination of Gemcitabine and Sorafenib in Spiked Human Plasma Using Multivariate Model Update Chemometric Methods. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1666-1672. [PMID: 37233147 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine (GEM), a pyrimidine nucleoside, has been used as a first-line treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sorafenib (SOR), a nonselective multi-kinase inhibitor, is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in different types of cancers including NSCLC in preclinical studies. Co-administration of GEM and SOR was found to be effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of NSCLC. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work is to determine the studied drugs in spiked human plasma simultaneously through resolving the overlapping spectra and removing the interference of the plasma matrix. METHOD Two updated chemometric models were developed using UV absorbance of the drugs, which named principal component regression (PCR) and partial least-squares (PLS) for determination of GEM and SOR in the ranges of 5-25 and 2-22 µg/mL, respectively. RESULTS Validation of the two updated models has been achieved in accordance with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, and the results were satisfactory. The two methods had the advantages of high predictive ability of the studied drugs with high precision and accuracy. Moreover, there was no significant difference obtained when statistical comparison was done between the developed and reported methods, showing good validity of the suggested methods. CONCLUSIONS The two updated models have the advantages of being rapid, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective for the determination of GEM and SOR in quality control laboratories without any need for initial separation procedures. HIGHLIGHTS Two updated chemometric methods, PCR and PLS, were developed for the estimation of GEM and SOR in spiked human plasma using their UV absorbance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Z Sharkawi
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Norhan R Mohamed
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T El-Saadi
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Sinai University-Kantra Branch, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Ismailia 41632, Egypt
| | - Noha H Amin
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Persaud AK, Bernier MC, Massey MA, Agrawal S, Kaur T, Nayak D, Xie Z, Weadick B, Raj R, Hill K, Abbott N, Joshi A, Anabtawi N, Bryant C, Somogyi A, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Amari F, Coppola V, Sparreboom A, Baker SD, Unadkat JD, Phelps MA, Govindarajan R. Increased renal elimination of endogenous and synthetic pyrimidine nucleosides in concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 deficient mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3175. [PMID: 37264059 PMCID: PMC10235067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs) are active nucleoside influx systems, but their in vivo roles are poorly defined. By generating CNT1 knockout (KO) mice, here we identify a role of CNT1 in the renal reabsorption of nucleosides. Deletion of CNT1 in mice increases the urinary excretion of endogenous pyrimidine nucleosides with compensatory alterations in purine nucleoside metabolism. In addition, CNT1 KO mice exhibits high urinary excretion of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine (dFdC), which results in poor tumor growth control in CNT1 KO mice harboring syngeneic pancreatic tumors. Interestingly, increasing the dFdC dose to attain an area under the concentration-time curve level equivalent to that achieved by wild-type (WT) mice rescues antitumor efficacy. The findings provide new insights into how CNT1 regulates reabsorption of endogenous and synthetic nucleosides in murine kidneys and suggest that the functional status of CNTs may account for the optimal action of pyrimidine nucleoside analog therapeutics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K Persaud
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew C Bernier
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Massey
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Center for Life Sciences Education, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brenna Weadick
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ruchika Raj
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kasey Hill
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Nicole Abbott
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Arnav Joshi
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Claire Bryant
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Foued Amari
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Genetically Engineered Mouse Modeling Core, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pharmacoanalytic Shared Resource (PhASR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Translational Therapeutics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Sharkawi MMZ, Mohamed NR, El-Saadi MT, Amin NH. Ecofriendly LC-MS/MS and TLC-densitometric methods for simultaneous quantitative assay and monitoring of BEGEV regimen, in vivo pharmacokinetic study application. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1016-1027. [PMID: 36727667 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To date no analytical method has been developed for the determination of the BEGEV regimen and no study has investigated the kinetic interaction between the drugs, to give us priorities for further clinical study, so two rapid, accurate, sensitive and ecofriendly chromatographic methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of bendamustine (BEN), gemcitabine (GEM) and vinorelbine (VIB) using sildenafil (SIL) as an internal standard (IS) for the purpose of an in vivo pharmacokinetics study in rats. Firstly, the LC-MS/MS method was performed using a mixture of methanol and a 0.1% aqueous solution of formic acid as the mobile phase on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) column as the stationary phase. BEN, GEM and VIB were ionized by positive ions and detected in the multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using precursor → products of m/z 358.20 → 228.25 for BEN, m/z 264.05 → 112.15 for GEM, m/z 779.55 → 122.20 for VIB and m/z 475.00 → 58.35 for SIL. Secondly, TLC-densitometry was applied on TLC silica gel plates using methanol : ethyl acetate (8 : 2, v/v) as the developing system when the separated peaks were scanned at 280 nm. FDA guidelines were followed for validation of the proposed methods, which presented acceptable ranges; then they were applied for an in vivo study in rats with a quantitative determination of each drug after single or combined administration for an investigation of any suspected drug-drug interaction, and all pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for therapeutic drug monitoring of those drugs. Green analytical chemistry principles were considered during all the procedural steps to ensure the greenness and the safety of the methods, which were evaluated using four assessment tools, eco-scale assessment, the national environmental method index (NEMI), the green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and the analytical greenness metric approach (AGREE), and the results were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Z Sharkawi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Norhan R Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed T El-Saadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Egypt
| | - Noha H Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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FDA-Validated Ecofriendly Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Gemcitabine and Sorafenib: Applications to Pharmacokinetics. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCombination therapy of gemcitabine and sorafenib is synergistically effective and well tolerated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both gemcitabine and sorafenib were estimated after intra-peritoneal administration in rats using novel, green and sensitive RP-HPLC and TLC-densitometric methods where sildenafil used as an internal standard. Firstly, the developed RP-HPLC method achieved on ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) using a mixture of methanol: 40 mM ammonium acetate solution. On the other hand, the developed TLC-densitometric method was achieved on TLC plates using a developing system of methanol: ethyl acetate (3: 7, by volume) and scanning wave length at 260 nm. Additionally, the developed methods were validated according to FDA guidelines. Moreover, the developed methods were successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of both gemcitabine and sorafenib after administration of each drug alone and co-administration in rats. The results presented that drug–drug interaction between drugs happened when administrated together affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of each other. The proposed methods, being ecofriendly, accurate, and sensitive, may become the corner stone for further clinical studies of the studied drugs determinations applied on humans.
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SERS-Based Ultralow Concentration Detection of Anticancer Gemcitabine Using Size-Controlled Silver Nanoparticles. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Shekarbeygi Z, Karami C, Esmaeili E, Moradi S, Shahlaei M. Development of Ag nanoparticle-carbon quantum dot nanocomplex as fluorescence sensor for determination of gemcitabine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120148. [PMID: 34247037 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an established chemotherapeutic agent in several solid tumors. In spite of outstanding therapeutic efficacy, there are some serious fetal side effects with gemcitabine in higher concentrations which necessitate developing a sensitive sensor for its quantification. Herein, a fluorescent metal-nanoparticles conjugated carbon quantum dot (MN-CQD) was prepared by a mixture of citric acid/ammonia sulfate and different metals using hydrothermal method. Based on the primary experiments, the efficiency of Ag nanoparticle-CQDs for gemcitabine determination was found to be much better than others. The AgNp-CQDs fluorescence was quenched by gemcitabine anticancer drug via photo-induced charge transfer which renders the system into fluorescence "OFF" status. Under the experimental conditions, the linear range of detection was 0.003-0.1 μM in an aqueous solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a limit of detection equal to 0.002 µM. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for gemcitabine determination was 3.4% (n = 3). Finally, after optimizing the conditions, the concentration of analyte was determined in real samples including human plasma and urine. These results confirm that the as prepared fluorescence based nanosensor can be used for sensitive quantification of gemcitabine in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shekarbeygi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Changiz Karami
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Esmaeili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Ludford PT, Li Y, Yang S, Tor Y. Cytidine deaminase can deaminate fused pyrimidine ribonucleosides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6237-6243. [PMID: 34019616 PMCID: PMC8295196 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance of cytidine deaminase (CDA) to expanded heterocycles is explored via three fluorescent cytidine analogues, where the pyrimidine core is fused to three distinct five-membered heterocycles at the 5/6 positions. The reaction between CDA and each analogue is followed by absorption and emission spectroscopy, revealing shorter reaction times for all analogues than the native substrate. Pseudo-first order and Michaelis-Menten kinetic analyses provide insight into the enzymatic deamination reactions and assist in drawing comparison to established structure activity relationships. Finally, inhibitor screening modalities are created for each analogue and validated with zebularine and tetrahydrouridine, two known CDA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Ludford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Shenghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in mouse plasma and brain tissue: Application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114025. [PMID: 33744463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and relatively fast assay was developed and validated for the quantitation of gemcitabine (dFdC) and its major metabolite 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dFdU) in mouse plasma and brain tissue. The assay used a small sample (25 μL plasma and 5 mg brain) for extraction by protein precipitation. After dilution of the supernatant extract, 1 μL was injected into HPLC system for reverse phase chromatographic separation with a total run time of 8 min. Chromatographic resolution of dFdC and dFdU was achieved on a Gemini C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) utilizing gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive/negative ion switching was performed for detection of dFdC and its internal standard (dFdC-IS) in positive ion mode and dFdU and its IS (dFdU-IS) in negative ion mode. Two calibration curves ranging from 5-2000 ng/mL and 250-50,000 ng/mL were generated for dFdC and dFdU in mouse plasma, respectively. For measurement of dFdC and dFdU in mouse brain tissue, another two curves were used ranging from 0.02 to 40 ng/mg and 1-40 ng/mg, respectively. This assay demonstrated excellent precision and accuracy within day and between days for simultaneous measurement of dFdC and dFdU at all the concentration levels in both matrices. The other parameters such as selectivity, sensitivity, matrix effects, recovery, and storage stability were also assessed for both analytes in each matrix. Compared to the previously reported methods, the sample extraction in the current assay was simplified significantly, and the analysis time was greatly shortened. We successfully applied the validated method to the analysis of dFdC and dFdU in mouse plasma, brain, and brain tumor tissue in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study.
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11
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Hughes CC. Chemical labeling strategies for small molecule natural product detection and isolation. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1684-1705. [PMID: 33629087 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2020.It is widely accepted that small molecule natural products (NPs) evolved to carry out a particular ecological function and that these finely-tuned molecules can sometimes be appropriated for the treatment of disease in humans. Unfortunately, for the natural products chemist, NPs did not evolve to possess favorable physicochemical properties needed for HPLC-MS analysis. The process known as derivatization, whereby an NP in a complex mixture is decorated with a nonnatural moiety using a derivatizing agent (DA), arose from this sad state of affairs. Here, NPs are freed from the limitations of natural functionality and endowed, usually with some degree of chemoselectivity, with additional structural features that make HPLC-MS analysis more informative. DAs that selectively label amines, carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, thiols, ketones, and aldehydes, terminal alkynes, electrophiles, conjugated alkenes, and isocyanides have been developed and will be discussed here in detail. Although usually employed for targeted metabolomics, chemical labeling strategies have been effectively applied to uncharacterized NP extracts and may play an increasing role in the detection and isolation of certain classes of NPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany 72076.
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Ji M, Lee H, Kim Y, Seo C, Oh S, Jung ID, Park J, Paik M. Metabolomic Study of Normal and Modified Nucleosides in the Urine of Mice with Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Sepsis by
LC–MS
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MS. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Seong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | - Songjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae‐Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
- DanDi Bioscience Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Man‐Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University Suncheon Republic of Korea
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Inamura A, Muraoka-Hirayama S, Sakurai K. Loss of Mitochondrial DNA by Gemcitabine Triggers Mitophagy and Cell Death. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1977-1987. [PMID: 31787713 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (2,2-difluorodeoxycytidine nucleic acid), an anticancer drug exhibiting a potent ability to kill cancer cells, is a frontline chemotherapy drug. Although some chemotherapeutic medicines are known to induce nuclear DNA damage, no investigation into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage currently exists. When we treated insulinoma pancreatic β-cells (line INS-1) with high mitochondrial activity with gemcitabine for 24 h, the mtDNA contents were decreased. Gemcitabine induced a decrease in the number of mitochondria and the average potential of mitochondrial membrane in the cell but increased the superoxide anion radical levels. We observed that treatment with gemcitabine to induce cell death accompanied by autophagy-related protein markers, Atg5 and Atg7; these were significantly prevented by the autophagy inhibitors. The localization of Atg5 co-occurred with the location of mitochondria with membranes having high potential and mitophagy in cells treated with gemcitabine. The occurrence of mitophagy was inhibited by the inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Our results led us to the conclusion that gemcitabine induced cell death through mitophagy with the loss of mtDNA. These findings may provide a rationale for the combination of mtDNA damage with mitophagy in future clinical applications for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Inamura
- Division of Life Science, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science
| | | | - Koichi Sakurai
- Division of Life Science, Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science
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14
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Strategies for effective development of ultra-sensitive LC–MS/MS assays: application to a novel STING agonist. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:467-484. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The continual need for the development and validation of ultra-sensitive (low pg/ml) LC–MS/MS assays in the pharmaceutical industry is largely driven by the ultra-low analyte exposure or very low sample volume. Methodology: Strategies and systematic approaches for sensitivity enhancement are provided which cover all aspects of a LC–MS/MS bioanalysis. A case study where such strategies were applied for the validation of a 5.0 pg/ml assay for a STING agonist is discussed. Conclusion: Analytical protocols were developed to extract analytes from large volume of plasma samples (600 and 400 μl) with high throughput. The guidance provided in this publication can serve as a resource to influence LC–MS/MS method development activities.
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15
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Bjånes TK, Jordheim LP, Schjøtt J, Kamceva T, Cros-Perrial E, Langer A, Ruiz de Garibay G, Kotopoulis S, McCormack E, Riedel B. Intracellular Cytidine Deaminase Regulates Gemcitabine Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:153-158. [PMID: 31871136 PMCID: PMC11022907 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a determinant of in vivo gemcitabine elimination kinetics and cellular toxicity. The impact of CDA activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that CDA regulates gemcitabine flux through its inactivation and activation pathways in PDAC cell lines. Three PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1) were incubated with 10 or 100 µM gemcitabine for 60 minutes or 24 hours, with or without tetrahydrouridine, a CDA inhibitor. Extracellular inactive gemcitabine metabolite (dFdU) and intracellular active metabolite (dFdCTP) were quantified with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Cellular expression of CDA was assessed with real-time PCR and Western blot. Gemcitabine conversion to dFdU was extensive in BxPC-3 and low in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, in accordance with their respective CDA expression levels. CDA inhibition was associated with low or undetectable dFdU in all three cell lines. After 24 hours gemcitabine incubation, dFdCTP was highest in MIA PaCa-2 and lowest in BxPC-3. CDA inhibition resulted in a profound dFdCTP increase in BxPC-3 but not in MIA PaCa-2 or PANC-1. dFdCTP concentrations were not higher after exposure to 100 versus 10 µM gemcitabine when CDA activities were low (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1) or inhibited (BxPC-3). The results suggest a regulatory role of CDA for gemcitabine activation in PDAC cells but within limits related to the capacity in the activation pathway in the cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The importance of cytidine deaminase (CDA) for cellular gemcitabine toxicity, linking a lower activity to higher toxicity, is well described. An underlying assumption is that CDA, by inactivating gemcitabine, limits the amount available for the intracellular activation pathway. Our study is the first to illustrate this regulatory role of CDA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines by quantifying intracellular and extracellular gemcitabine metabolite concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod K Bjånes
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Jan Schjøtt
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Tina Kamceva
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Anika Langer
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Gorka Ruiz de Garibay
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Spiros Kotopoulis
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
| | - Bettina Riedel
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (T.K.B., J.S., T.K., B.R.) and National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology (S.K.), Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine (T.K.B., J.S., A.L., G.R.G., E.M., B.R.), Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science (A.L., G.R.G., E.M.), and Department of Clinical Medicine (S.K.), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France (L.P.J., E.C.-P.); and Phoenix Solutions AS, Oslo, Norway (S.K.)
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Niazi Saei J, Mokhtari A, Karimian H. Stopped-flow chemiluminescence determination of the anticancer drug capecitabine: Application in pharmaceutical analysis and drug-delivery systems. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:797-804. [PMID: 32017383 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Capecitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of patients with metastatic cancers. This study aimed at determining the drug capecitabine in a simple chemiluminescence (CL) system of acidic potassium permanganate using the stopped-flow injection technique. Statistical methods were used to detect optimum conditions. The method showed two linear calibration ranges from 6.7 × 10-6 to 6.7 × 10-5 mol L-1 and from 6.7 × 10-5 to 2.7 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10-6 mol L-1 . Chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles were studied in the drug-delivery experiments. According to the pH sensitivity of chitosan and low pH values in tumour cells, the chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles could provide a good targeting drug-delivery system to tumour sites. To evaluate the applicability of the method, the capecitabine-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized with two different cross-linkers; loading and releasing rates of the drug were investigated using the proposed CL method and an ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometric method (absorption at 305 nm). The results showed a good correlation between the two methods, and it was found that the synthesized chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles could be used for pH-dependent release of capecitabine in cancer cells. Moreover, determination of capecitabine in tablets and synthetic samples was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Niazi Saei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Mokhtari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Karimian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
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17
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Comparative pharmacokinetic study of PEGylated gemcitabine and gemcitabine in rats by LC-MS/MS coupled with pre-column derivatization and MSALL technique. Talanta 2020; 206:120184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Goodwin KJ, Gangl E, Sarkar U, Pop-Damkov P, Jones N, Borodovsky A, Woessner R, Fretland AJ. Development of a quantification method for adenosine in tumors by LC-MS/MS with dansyl chloride derivatization. Anal Biochem 2019; 568:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Zhou Y, Chang Q, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou F, Sun J, Wang G, Peng Y. Sensitive analysis and pharmacokinetic study of a novel gemcitabine carbamate prodrug and its active metabolite gemcitabine in rats using LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1083:249-257. [PMID: 29554521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
FY363 is a new chemical entity of gemcitabine analog, which has been shown to have a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro. As a carbamate derivative, FY363 would be converted to the active metabolite gemcitabine through enzyme action in vivo. In order to clarify the exposure of FY363 prototype and its metabolite gemcitabine in vivo after administration of FY363, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to simultaneously determine FY363 and gemcitabine in rat plasma after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a highly stable polar column of Synergi 4u Polar-RP 80A (4 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm) which has a unique ether - phenyl bonded phase. Gradient elution was accomplished with mobile phase system consisting of 5 mM ammonium formate buffer containing 0.1% formic acid and mixed organic solvents containing methanol-acetonitrile (3:2, v/v). Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection in positive-ion mode with an electrospray ionization source. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.99) over the established concentration range of 1.0-1000 ng/mL both for FY363 and gemcitabine. The assay was validated to be selective, robust and reproducible. This well validated method was successfully applied to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic behavior and the metabolic transformation of FY363 in rats. Results revealed that about 20% of FY363 were converted into its active metabolite gemcitabine in rats by comparing the exposure of gemcitabine after the FY363 administration with that after direct gemcitabine administration at equimolar dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Chang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Gomar M, Panahi HA, Pournamdari E. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive Molecularly Imprinted Poly[allylacetoacetate/N-vinyl caprolactam] for Selective Extraction of Gemcitabine in Biological Samples. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gomar
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Homayon Ahmad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Pournamdari
- Department of Chemistry; Islamshahr Branch; Islamic Azad University; Islamshahr Iran
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21
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Rapid Homogeneous Immunoassay to Quantify Gemcitabine in Plasma for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 39:235-242. [PMID: 28490046 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) is a nucleoside analog used as a single agent and in combination regimens for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. Several studies have shown a relationship between gemcitabine peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and hematological toxicity. An immunoassay for gemcitabine in plasma was developed and validated to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by providing an economical, robust method for automated chemistry analyzers. METHODS A monoclonal antibody was coated on nanoparticles to develop a homogenous agglutination inhibition assay. To prevent ex vivo degradation of gemcitabine in blood, tetrahydrouridine was used as a sample stabilizer. Validation was conducted for precision, recovery, cross-reactivity, and linearity on a Beckman Coulter AU480. Verification was performed on an AU5800 in a hospital laboratory. A method comparison was performed with (LC-MS/MS) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using clinical samples. Selectivity was demonstrated by testing cross-reactivity of the major metabolite, 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. RESULTS Coefficients of variation for repeatability and within-laboratory precision were <8%. The deviation between measured and assigned values was <3%. Linear range was from 0.40 to 33.02 μ/mL (1.5-125.5 μM). Correlation with validated LC-MS/MS methods was R = 0.977. The assay was specific for gemcitabine: there was no cross-reactivity to 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, chemotherapeutics, concomitant, or common medications tested. Tetrahydrouridine was packaged in single-use syringes. Gemcitabine stability in whole blood was extended to 8 hours (at room temperature) and in plasma to 8 days (2-8°C). CONCLUSIONS The assay demonstrated the selectivity, test range, precision, and linearity to perform reliable measurements of gemcitabine in plasma. The addition of stabilizer improved the sample handling. Using general clinical chemistry analyzers, gemcitabine could be measured for TDM.
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van Nuland M, Hillebrand MJX, Rosing H, Burgers JA, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine in human plasma for a microdose clinical trial. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 151:25-31. [PMID: 29294409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In microdose clinical trials a maximum of 100 μg of drug substance is administered to participants, in order to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of the agents. Measuring low plasma concentrations after administration of a microdose is challenging and requires the use of ulta-sensitive equipment. Novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platforms can be used for quantification of low drug plasma levels. Here we describe the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) in the low picogram per milliliter range to support a microdose trial. The validated assay ranges from 2.5-500 pg/mL for gemcitabine and 250-50,000 pg/mL for dFdU were linear, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.996 or better. Sample preparation with solid phase extraction provided a good and reproducible recovery. All results were within the acceptance criteria of the latest US FDA guidance and EMA guidelines. In addition, the method was successfully applied to measure plasma concentrations of gemcitabine in a patient after administration of a microdose of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Nuland
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M J X Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A Burgers
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H M Schellens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute and MC Slotervaart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gong X, Yang L, Zhang F, Liang Y, Gao S, Liu K, Chen W. Validated UHPLC-MS/MS assay for quantitative determination of etoposide, gemcitabine, vinorelbine and their metabolites in patients with lung cancer. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28409868 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gong
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Youtian Liang
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Oncology; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy; Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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Wang G, Zhao D, Chen H, Ding D, Kou L, Sun L, Hao C, Li X, Jia K, Kan Q, Liu X, He Z, Sun J. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS assay for the determination of gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative in rat plasma and its application in oral pharmacokinetics. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:478-485. [PMID: 32104361 PMCID: PMC7032160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative (2'-deoxy-2', 2'-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine, JDR) in rat plasma was developed and validated. The conventional plasma sample preparation method of nucleoside analogues is solid-phase extraction (SPE) which is time-consuming and cost-expensive. In this study, gradient elution with small particles size solid phase was applied to effectively separate gemcitabine and JDR, and protein precipitation pretreatment was adopted to remove plasma protein and extract the analytes with high recovery(>81%). Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines, and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–4000 ng/ml for JDR and 4–4000 ng/ml for gemcitabine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of gemcitabine and JDR was 4 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic studies of JDR and gemcitabine after oral administration to rats.
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Key Words
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- Gemcitabine
- IS, internal standard
- JDR, 2'-deoxy-2', 2'-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine
- L-carnitine
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- OCTN2, organic cation/carnitine transporters 2
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- Pharmacokinetics
- Prodrug
- QC, quality control
- SPE, solid-phase extraction
- THU, Tetrahydrouridine
- UPLC/MS/MS
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dawei Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lifang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenxia Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xincong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kai Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiming Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, No.103, Shenyang 110016, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Bjånes T, Kamčeva T, Eide T, Riedel B, Schjøtt J, Svardal A. Preanalytical Stability of Gemcitabine and its Metabolite 2′, 2′-Difluoro-2′-Deoxyuridine in Whole Blood—Assessed by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4427-4432. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baghdady YZ, Schug KA. Review of in situ derivatization techniques for enhanced bioanalysis using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:102-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Z. Baghdady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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Kamčeva T, Bjånes T, Svardal A, Riedel B, Schjøtt J, Eide T. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of eight endogenous nucleotides and the intracellular gemcitabine metabolite dFdCTP in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:212-20. [PMID: 26281773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of endogenous nucleotides is of interest for investigation of numerous cellular biochemical processes, such as energy metabolism and signal transduction, and may also be applied in cancer and antiretroviral therapies in which nucleoside analogues are used. For these purposes we developed and validated a sensitive and high accuracy ion-pair liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IP LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of eight endogenous nucleotides (ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) and 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate (dFdCTP), an intracellular metabolite of the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine. The assay was validated using 200μL aliquots of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (20×10(6)cells/ml, 4×10(6)cells) extracts, pretreated with activated charcoal and spiked with unlabeled nucleotides, deoxynucleotides and dFdCTP. Analytes were extracted by simple precipitation with cold 60% methanol containing isotope labeled internal standards and separated on a porous graphitic carbon column. For method validation, the concentration ranges were: 0.125-20.8pmol injected for deoxynucleotides, 0.25-312.5pmol injected for dFdCTP and 5-3200pmol injected for nucleotides. The highest coefficients of variation (CV) were 12.1% for within run assay and 11.4% for between run assay, both representing the precision at the lowest analyte concentrations. The method was applied to monitor dFdCTP and changes in endogenous nucleotides in patients who were receiving gemcitabine infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kamčeva
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tormod Bjånes
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bettina Riedel
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan Schjøtt
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torunn Eide
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Mano Y, Sakamaki K, Ueno T, Kita K, Ishii T, Hotta K, Kusano K. Validation of a hydrophilic interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of gemcitabine in human plasma with tetrahydrouridine. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1343-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biopharmaceutical Assessment Core Function Unit; Eisai Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamaki
- Analysis group, Tsukuba division; Sunplanet Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Takuya Ueno
- Analysis group, Tsukuba division; Sunplanet Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Kenji Kita
- Analysis group, Tsukuba division; Sunplanet Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Takuho Ishii
- Analysis group, Tsukuba division; Sunplanet Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Koichiro Hotta
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biopharmaceutical Assessment Core Function Unit; Eisai Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
| | - Kazutomi Kusano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biopharmaceutical Assessment Core Function Unit; Eisai Co. Ltd; 1-3, 5-chome, Tokodai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 300-2635 Japan
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Hu Z, Guo N, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding W, Zhang D, Wang Y, Yan X. Development and validation of an LC–ESI/MS/MS method with precolumn derivatization for the determination of betulin in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 939:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wickremsinhe ER, Lee LB, Schmalz CA, Torchia J, Ruterbories KJ. High sensitive assay employing column switching chromatography to enable simultaneous quantification of an amide prodrug of gemcitabine (LY2334737), gemcitabine, and its metabolite dFdU in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:117-22. [PMID: 23831704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report a high sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of LY2334737 (2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-N-(1-oxo-2-propylpentyl)-cytidine), an amide prodrug of gemcitabine (2', 2'-difluoro-deoxycytidine), along with its active drug gemcitabine and its major metabolite dFdU (2',2'-difluoro-deoxyuridine) by LC-MS/MS. Quantification of all three analytes within a single analysis was challenging because the physio-chemical properties of LY2334737 were significantly different from gemcitabine and dFdU and was accomplished by incorporating column-switching. The assay was fully validated to quantify LY2334737 from 0.1 to 100ng/mL, gemcitabine from 0.25 to 100ng/mL and dFdU from 1 to 1000ng/mL in order to cover the diverse concentration ranges expected in clinical samples. A 25-fold dilution was also validated to accommodate any samples outside this range. Overall, the assay had good accuracy (ranging from -7.0 to 1.2% relative error) and precision (ranging from 2.1 to 8.4% relative standard deviation). Extraction efficiency was greater than 80% for all three analytes and there were no matrix effects. Plasma samples were stable for 24h at room temperature, 660 days in frozen storage, and at least 4 freeze-thaw cycles, at both -20 and -70°C. Data from clinical trials showed that plasma concentrations for LY2334737, gemcitabine, and dFdU were successfully quantified from a single LC-MS/MS analysis and that the assay ranges selected for the three analytes were appropriate and minimized the need for reanalysis.
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Sun Y, Tang D, Chen H, Zhang F, Fan B, Zhang B, Fang S, Lu Q, Wei Y, Yin J, Yin X. Determination of gemcitabine and its metabolite in extracellular fluid of rat brain tumor by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using microdialysis sampling after intralesional chemotherapy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 919-920:10-9. [PMID: 23396113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic agent Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) has been proved to be effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas. A rapid, sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay using microdialysis sampling was developed and validated to quantify gemcitabine and its major metabolite 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dFdU) in Sprague-Dawley rat bearing 9L glioma. Microdialysis probes were surgically implanted into the area of rat brain tumor in the striatal hemisphere, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used as a perfusion medium. The samples were analyzed directly by UPLC-MS/MS after the addition of 5-bromouracil as an internal standard (IS). Separation was achieved on Agilent SB-C(18) (50 mm × 2.1mm I.D., 1.8 μm) column at 40 °C using an isocratic elution method with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (4:96, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed using electrospray ionization in positive ion selected reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the following ion transitions m/z 264.0→112.0 (gemcitabine), m/z 265.1→113.0 (dFdU) and m/z 190.9→173.8 (IS). The calibration curves of gemcitabine and dFdU were linear in the concentration range of 0.66-677.08 ng/mL and 0.31-312.00 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of quantification of gemcitabine and dFdU were 0.66 ng/mL and 0.31 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of detection of gemcitabine and dFdU were calculated to be 0.2 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. All the validation data, such as intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, selectivity and stability, were within the required limits. The validated method was simple, precise and accurate, which was successfully employed to determinate the concentrations of gemcitabine and dFdU in the extracellular fluid of rat brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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Menon SK, Mistry BR, Joshi KV, Sutariya PG, Patel RV. Analytical detection and method development of anticancer drug Gemcitabine HCl using gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 94:235-242. [PMID: 22525033 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, cost effective and extractive UV spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Gemcitabine HCl (GMCT) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. It was based on UV spectrophotometric measurements in which the drug reacts with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and changes the original colour of AuNP and forms a dark blue coloured solution which exhibits absorption maximum at 688nm. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity coefficient were found to be 3.95×10(-5)lmol(-1)cm(-1) and 0.060μgcm(-2) respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-40μgml(-1). This method was tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of GMCT in pharmaceutical formulation (parental formulation). The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible (relative standard deviation <2%). As it is simple, cheap and less time consuming, it can be suitably applied for the estimation of GMCT in dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhana K Menon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
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Comparison of three derivatization reagents for the simultaneous determination of highly hydrophilic pyrimidine antitumor agents in human plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Facy O, Pages PB, Ortega-Deballon P, Magnin G, Ladoire S, Royer B, Chauffert B, Bernard A. High-pressure intrapleural chemotherapy: feasibility in the pig model. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:29. [PMID: 22309737 PMCID: PMC3395826 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The usual treatments for pleural malignancies are mostly palliative. In contrast, peritoneal malignancies are often treated with a curative intent by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. As pressure has been shown to increase antitumor efficacy, we applied the concept of high-pressure intracavitary chemotherapy to the pleural space in a swine model. Methods Cisplatin and gemcitabine were selected because of their antineoplasic efficacy in vitro in a wide spectrum of cancer cell lines. The pleural cavity of 21 pigs was filled with saline solution; haemodynamic and respiratory parameters were monitored. The pressure was increased to 15-25 cm H2O. This treatment was associated with pneumonectomy in 6 pigs. Five pigs were treated with chemotherapy under pressure. Results The combination of gemcitabine (100 mg/l) and cisplatin (30 mg/l) was highly cytotoxic in vitro. The maximum tolerated pressure was 20 cm H20, due to haemodynamic failure. Pneumonectomy was not tolerated, either before or after pleural infusion. Five pigs survived intrapleural chemotherapy associating gemcitabine and cisplatin with 20 cm H2O pressure for 60 min. Conclusions High-pressure intrapleural chemotherapy is feasible in pigs. Further experiments will establish the pharmacokinetics and determine whether the benefit already shown in the peritoneum is also obtained in the pleura.
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Abstract
LC with atmospheric pressure ionization MS is essential to a large number of quantitative bioanalyses for a variety of compounds, especially nonvolatile or highly polar compounds. However, in many instances, weak ionization, poor LC retention and instability of certain analytes hinder the development of the LC–MS/MS method. Chemical derivatization has been used for different classes of analytes to improve their ionization efficiency, chromatographic separation and chemical stability. This work presents an overview of chemical derivatization methods that have been applied to the quantitative LC–MS/MS analyses of nine classes of molecules, including aldehydes, amino acids, bisphosphonate drugs, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, nucleosides and their associated analogs, steroids, thiol-containing compounds and vitamin D metabolites, in biological matrices.
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Bapiro TE, Richards FM, Goldgraben MA, Olive KP, Madhu B, Frese KK, Cook N, Jacobetz MA, Smith DM, Tuveson DA, Griffiths JR, Jodrell DI. A novel method for quantification of gemcitabine and its metabolites 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine and gemcitabine triphosphate in tumour tissue by LC-MS/MS: comparison with (19)F NMR spectroscopy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:1243-53. [PMID: 21431415 PMCID: PMC3215866 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a sensitive analytical method to quantify gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, dFdC) and its metabolites 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) and 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dFdCTP) simultaneously from tumour tissue. METHODS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumour tissue from genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer (KP ( FL/FL ) C and KP ( R172H/+) C) was collected after dosing the mice with gemcitabine. (19)F NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS protocols were optimised to detect gemcitabine and its metabolites in homogenates of the tumour tissue. RESULTS A (19)F NMR protocol was developed, which was capable of distinguishing the three analytes in tumour homogenates. However, it required at least 100 mg of the tissue in question and a long acquisition time per sample, making it impractical for use in large PK/PD studies or clinical trials. The LC-MS/MS protocol was developed using porous graphitic carbon to separate the analytes, enabling simultaneous detection of all three analytes from as little as 10 mg of tissue, with a sensitivity for dFdCTP of 0.2 ng/mg tissue. Multiple pieces of tissue from single tumours were analysed, showing little intra-tumour variation in the concentrations of dFdC or dFdU (both intra- and extra-cellular). Intra-tumoural variation was observed in the concentration of dFdCTP, an intra-cellular metabolite, which may reflect regions of different cellularity within a tumour. CONCLUSION We have developed a sensitive LC-MS/MS method capable of quantifying gemcitabine, dFdU and dFdCTP in pancreatic tumour tissue. The requirement for only 10 mg of tissue enables this protocol to be used to analyse multiple areas from a single tumour and to spare tissue for additional pharmacodynamic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashinga E. Bapiro
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances M. Richards
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mae A. Goldgraben
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Basetti Madhu
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Kristopher K. Frese
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Natalie Cook
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael A. Jacobetz
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donna-Michelle Smith
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R. Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Duncan I. Jodrell
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Box 278, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Xu F, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ong CN. Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with derivatization: general principles and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1143-1172. [PMID: 21557289 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC-MS-based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization-based LC-MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food-safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are summarized and highlighted to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Li W, Zhang J, Tse FLS. Strategies in quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of unstable small molecules in biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:258-77. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Santa T. Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nováková L, Vlčková H. A review of current trends and advances in modern bio-analytical methods: Chromatography and sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 656:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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