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Development of UHPLC-MS/MS methods to quantify 25 antihypertensive drugs in serum in a cohort of patients treated for hypertension. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nikrýnová Nguyen TMP, Štrauch B, Petrák O, Krátká Z, Holaj R, Kurcová I, Marešová V, Pilková A, Hartinger J, Waldauf P, Zelinka T, Widimský J. Adherence and blood pressure control in patients with primary aldosteronism. Blood Press 2022; 31:58-63. [PMID: 35438025 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2022.2061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to evaluate the adherence to mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists and other antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control in conservatively treated patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Conservatively treated subjects with previously confirmed PA (n-50, 64.5 ± 9 years of age, 24% women) were investigated via our outpatient hypertension clinic. All subjects underwent regular examinations in our clinic. In addition to basic laboratory and clinical parameters, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (Spacelabs) was evaluated. Unplanned blood sampling for assessment of serum antihypertensive drug concentrations by the means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed in all patients. In case of spironolactone, its active metabolite canrenone was also evaluated. Total non-compliance was then defined as the absence of all measured antihypertensive drugs. Partial non-compliance was calculated as the absence of serum levels of at least one, but not all antihypertensive drugs prescribed. RESULTS Good blood pressure control was detected (mean 24 h systolic/diastolic BP 130 ± 12/77 ± 9 mmHg). The average number of antihypertensive drugs was 3.9 ± 1.5. All subjects were treated by MR antagonists. 44% of patients received spironolactone (average daily dose 45 ± 20 mg) and in the remaining 56% of subjects eplerenone was administered (average daily dose 80 ± 30 mg) due to spironolactone side effects. Assessment of antihypertensive drug concentrations revealed full adherence in 80% of all subjects, partial nonadherence was noted in the remaining 20% of subjects. MR antagonist levels were detected in almost all subjects (49 out of 50). CONCLUSIONS Good blood pressure control and adherence to therapy were detected in conservatively treated patients with PA. Eplerenone had to be used quite often as male subjects did not tolerate dose escalation due to spironolactone side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Phuong Nikrýnová Nguyen
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Petrák
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Krátká
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Holaj
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Kurcová
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Toxicology Laboratory, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Marešová
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Toxicology Laboratory, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Pilková
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hartinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Waldauf
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine and FNKV University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zelinka
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Widimský
- Third Internal Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jireš J, Gibala P, Kalášek S, Douša M, Doubský J. The determination of two analogues of 4-(azidomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as potential genotoxic impurities in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of several sartans containing a tetrazole group. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114300. [PMID: 34365191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4'-(azidomethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile (GTI-azide-1) and 5-(4'-(azidomethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (GTI-azide-2) are potentially genotoxic impurities that can be present at trace levels in the active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products of sartans containing a tetrazole group. A method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, that allows the determination of those genotoxic impurities at sub-ppm level relative to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, was developed. The method utilises a very efficient liquid chromatograph Waters Acquity I-Class coupled with a highly sensitive tandem mass spectrometer Xevo TQ-XS. The separation was achieved on a column Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 1.7 μm employing a linear elution gradient. The mass spectrometer was used with a heated electrospray ionization. The method was found to be sufficient in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity and robustness and is easily applicable in the pharmaceutical quality control environment. The method allows for accurate quantification of both impurities GTI-azide-1 and GTI-azide-2 at levels below 1/10th of the specification limit, which is crucial in the context of pharmaceutical analysis. The limit of quantification was determined to be 0.033 ppm and 0.025 ppm for GTI-azide-1 and GTI-azide-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gibala
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kalášek
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Doubský
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Screen-printed anion-exchange solid-phase extraction: A new strategy for point-of-care determination of angiotensin receptor blockers. Talanta 2020; 222:121518. [PMID: 33167228 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized system of anion exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) based on a screen-printed electrode was developed as a point of care (POC) device for extraction and quantitative determination of anionic analytes. Nylon 6/polyaniline nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and in-situ oxidative polymerization techniques coated on a screen-printed working electrode and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The effects of essential parameters such as desorption conditions, pH of the sample solution, adsorption voltage, adsorption time, and salt concentration on the performance of the method were investigated. To evaluate the performance of the system, angiotensin ΙΙ receptor antagonists, including valsartan, losartan, and irbesartan, were selected as model compounds and analyzed by HPLC/UV after extraction. The limits of detection and quantification were ranging between 0.4 and 0.9 μg L-1 and 1.3-3.0 μg L-1, respectively. The linear dynamic range for Losartan, Irbesartan, and Valsartan was 2-400, 4-1000, and 2-400 μg L-1, respectively, with R2 > 0.991. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of ARA-IIs in human blood plasma samples, and relative recoveries in the range of 89.0-107.8% with relative standard deviation (RSDs (≤8.9% were obtained.
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Memon N, Qureshi T, Bhanger MI, Malik MI. Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180912125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical
companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and
degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures.
Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different
approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC.
Methods:
Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including
silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only
revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the
analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe-
art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid
Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature
liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance
liquid chromatography.
Results:
This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period
from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing
active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile
phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size
of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied
and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations.
Conclusion:
Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches,
future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the
use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially
for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Qureshi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Univeristy of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Polyaniline immobilized on polycaprolactam nanofibers as a sorbent in electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC for the determination of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human blood plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3631-3640. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Shah JV, Parekh JM, Shah PA, Shah PV, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. Application of an LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in polypill for a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Anal 2018; 7:309-316. [PMID: 29404054 PMCID: PMC5790699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine (AML), valsartan (VAL) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analytes and their deuterated analogs were quantitatively extracted from 100 µL human plasma by solid phase extraction on Oasis HLB cartridges. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a Chromolith RP18e (100 mm × 4.6 mm) analytical column within 2.5 min. The resolution factor between AML and VAL, AML and HCTZ, and VAL and HCTZ was 2.9, 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, under isocratic conditions. The method was validated over a dynamic concentration range of 0.02–20.0 ng/mL for AML, 5.00–10,000 ng/mL for VAL and 0.20–200 ng/mL for HCTZ. Ion-suppression/enhancement effects were investigated by post-column infusion technique. The mean IS-normalized matrix factors for AML, VAL and HCTZ were 0.992, 0.994 and 0.998, respectively. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) across quality control levels was ≤ 5.56% and the recovery was in the range of 93.4%–99.6% for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 5 mg AML + 160 mg VAL + 12.5 mg HCTZ tablet formulation (test and reference) in 18 healthy Indian males under fasting. The mean log-transformed ratios of Cmax, AUC0–120h and AUC0-inf and their 90% CIs were within 90.2%–102.1%. The assay reproducibility was demonstrated by reanalysis of 90 incurred samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivik V Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Jignesh M Parekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Priya V Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.,Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India.,Department of Pharmacy, M. S. University, Pratapgunj, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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Gupta P, Patel P, Štrauch B, Lai FY, Akbarov A, Gulsin GS, Beech A, Marešová V, Topham PS, Stanley A, Thurston H, Smith PR, Horne R, Widimský J, Keavney B, Heagerty A, Samani NJ, Williams B, Tomaszewski M. Biochemical Screening for Nonadherence Is Associated With Blood Pressure Reduction and Improvement in Adherence. Hypertension 2017; 70:1042-1048. [PMID: 28847892 PMCID: PMC5642335 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that screening for nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based biochemical analysis of urine/serum has therapeutic applications in nonadherent hypertensive patients. A retrospective analysis of hypertensive patients attending specialist tertiary care centers was conducted in 2 European countries (United Kingdom and Czech Republic). Nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment was diagnosed using biochemical analysis of urine (United Kingdom) or serum (Czech Republic). These results were subsequently discussed with each patient, and data on follow-up clinic blood pressure (BP) measurements were collected from clinical files. Of 238 UK patients who underwent biochemical urine analysis, 73 were nonadherent to antihypertensive treatment. Their initial urinary adherence ratio (the ratio of detected to prescribed antihypertensive medications) increased from 0.33 (0-0.67) to 1 (0.67-1) between the first and the last clinic appointments. The observed increase in the urinary adherence ratio in initially nonadherent UK patients was associated with the improved BP control; by the last clinic appointment, systolic and diastolic BPs were ≈19.5 and 7.5 mm Hg lower than at baseline (P=0.001 and 0.009, respectively). These findings were further corroborated in 93 nonadherent hypertensive patients from Czech Republic-their average systolic and diastolic BPs dropped by ≈32.6 and 17.4 mm Hg, respectively (P<0.001), on appointments after the biochemical analysis. Our data show that nonadherent hypertensive patients respond to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based biochemical analysis with improved adherence and significant BP drop. Such repeated biochemical analyses should be considered as a therapeutic approach in nonadherent hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Prashanth Patel
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Branislav Štrauch
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Florence Y Lai
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Artur Akbarov
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Gaurav S Gulsin
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Alison Beech
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Věra Marešová
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Peter S Topham
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Adrian Stanley
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Herbert Thurston
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Paul R Smith
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Robert Horne
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Jiří Widimský
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Bernard Keavney
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Anthony Heagerty
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Bryan Williams
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., G.S.G., P.R.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., N.J.S.); National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., N.J.S.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (P.G., A.A., B.K., A.H., M.T.); 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hypertension Centre (B.S., J.W.) and Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (V.M.), General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Leicester, United Kingdom (A.B.); University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.S.T., A.S., H.T.); Department of Health Psychology, University College of London, United Kingdom (R.H.); Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., A.H., M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.); and National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (B.W.).
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9
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Dorshow RB, Hall-Moore C, Shaikh N, Talcott MR, Faubion WA, Rogers TE, Shieh JJ, Debreczeny MP, Johnson JR, Dyer RB, Singh RJ, Tarr PI. Measurement of gut permeability using fluorescent tracer agent technology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10888. [PMID: 28883476 PMCID: PMC5589723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy gut restricts macromolecular and bacterial movement across tight junctions, while increased intestinal permeability accompanies many intestinal disorders. Dual sugar absorption tests, which measure intestinal permeability in humans, present challenges. Therefore, we asked if enterally administered fluorescent tracers could ascertain mucosal integrity, because transcutaneous measurement of differentially absorbed molecules could enable specimen-free evaluation of permeability. We induced small bowel injury in rats using high- (15 mg/kg), intermediate- (10 mg/kg), and low- (5 mg/kg) dose indomethacin. Then, we compared urinary ratios of enterally administered fluorescent tracers MB-402 and MB-301 to urinary ratios of sugar tracers lactulose and rhamnose. We also tested the ability of transcutaneous sensors to measure the ratios of absorbed fluorophores. Urinary fluorophore and sugar ratios reflect gut injury in an indomethacin dose dependent manner. The fluorophores generated smooth curvilinear ratio trajectories with wide dynamic ranges. The more chaotic sugar ratios had narrower dynamic ranges. Fluorophore ratios measured through the skin distinguished indomethacin-challenged from same day control rats. Enterally administered fluorophores can identify intestinal injury in a rat model. Fluorophore ratios are measureable through the skin, obviating drawbacks of dual sugar absorption tests. Pending validation, this technology should be considered for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Hall-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Talcott
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy B Dyer
- Immunochemical Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Mashingaidze F, Choonara YE, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Maharaj V, Buchmann E, Pillay V. Submicron Matrices Embedded in a Polymeric Caplet for Extended Intravaginal Delivery of Zidovudine. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1745-1759. [PMID: 28779379 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an intravaginal delivery system able to deliver an anti-HIV-1 agent for the purpose of potentially reducing HIV-1 transmission acting over an extended duration was successfully formulated. This delivery system was a composite polymeric caplet comprising zidovudine-loaded polyethylene glycol enclatherated pectin-mucin submicron matrices embedded within a poly (D,L-lactide), magnesium stearate, Kollidon® SR, and Carbopol® 974P NF-based polymeric caplet matrix. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was utilized to optimize the polymeric caplet. The optimized directly compressed composite polymeric caplet hardness was 22.1 ± 0.3 N and the matrix resilience was 62.4 ± 0.6%. The swelling- and diffusion-controlled fractional zidovudine (AZT) release from the optimized caplet was 0.74 ± 0.01 in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF), which increased to 0.81 ± 0.21 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) simulating seminal fluid, over 30 days. Caplet matrix swelling was directly related to the percentage Carbopol 974P NF composition. An intravaginal system for AZT delivery was tested in the pig model over 28 days. X-ray analysis depicted delivery system swelling with matrix contrast fading over time as vaginal fluid permeated the matrix core. Plasma, vaginal fluid swab eluates, and tissue AZT concentrations were measured by gradient ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem photodiode array detection. Vaginal tissue and vaginal fluid swab eluate AZT concentrations remained above effective levels over 28 days and were higher than plasma AZT concentrations, availing a system with reduced systemic toxicity and more effective inhibition of viral replication at the site of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mashingaidze
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Vinesh Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Eckhart Buchmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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11
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Gupta P, Patel P, Štrauch B, Lai FY, Akbarov A, Marešová V, White CM, Petrák O, Gulsin GS, Patel V, Rosa J, Cole R, Zelinka T, Holaj R, Kinnell A, Smith PR, Thompson JR, Squire I, Widimský J, Samani NJ, Williams B, Tomaszewski M. Risk Factors for Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Treatment. Hypertension 2017; 69:1113-1120. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment is a critical contributor to suboptimal blood pressure control. There are limited and heterogeneous data on the risk factors for nonadherence because few studies used objective-direct diagnostic methods. We used high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of urine and serum to detect nonadherence and explored its association with the main demographic- and therapy-related factors in 1348 patients with hypertension from 2 European countries. The rates of nonadherence to antihypertensive treatment were 41.6% and 31.5% in the UK and Czech populations, respectively. Nonadherence was inversely related to age and male sex. Each increase in the number of antihypertensive medications led to 85% and 77% increase in nonadherence (
P
<0.001) in the UK and Czech populations, respectively. The odds of nonadherence to diuretics were the highest among 5 classes of antihypertensive medications (
P
≤0.005 in both populations). The predictive model for nonadherence, including age, sex, diuretics, and the number of prescribed antihypertensives, showed area under the curves of 0.758 and 0.710 in the UK and Czech populations, respectively. The area under the curves for the UK model tested on the Czech data and for the Czech model tested on UK data were calculated at 0.708 and 0.756, respectively. We demonstrate that the number and class of prescribed antihypertensives are modifiable risk factors for biochemically confirmed nonadherence to blood pressure–lowering therapy. Further development of discriminatory models incorporating these parameters might prove clinically useful in assessment of nonadherence in countries where biochemical analysis is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gupta
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Prashanth Patel
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Branislav Štrauch
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Florence Y. Lai
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Artur Akbarov
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Věra Marešová
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Christobelle M.J. White
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Ondřej Petrák
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Gaurav S. Gulsin
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Veena Patel
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Ján Rosa
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Richard Cole
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Tomáš Zelinka
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Robert Holaj
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Angela Kinnell
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Paul R. Smith
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - John R. Thompson
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Iain Squire
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Jiří Widimský
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Bryan Williams
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- From the Department of Metabolic Medicine and Chemical Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., R.C., A.K., P.R.S.); National Institute of Health Research, Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre (P.G., P.P., F.Y.L., C.M.J.W., G.S.G., I.S., N.J.S.) and Department of Health
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Xue SW, Luo L, Xu L. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in human urine and plasma with a reversed-phase/cation-exchange mixed-mode sorbent. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4812-4818. [PMID: 27794183 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Xue
- Department of Hematology; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Hematology; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Hashem H, Ibrahim AE, Elhenawee M. Simultaneous determination of the antihypertensives hydrochlorothiazide, losartan potassium, irbesartan and valsartan in bulk powders and pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-160213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Hashem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Co. “EIPICo”, Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Co. “EIPICo”, Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Magda Elhenawee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
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Precise assessment of noncompliance with the antihypertensive therapy in patients with resistant hypertension using toxicological serum analysis. J Hypertens 2014; 31:2455-61. [PMID: 24220593 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283652c61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of pseudo-resistance caused by noncompliance with treatment among patients with severe resistant hypertension and to analyze the contributing factors. METHOD Three hundred and thirty-nine patients (195 men) with resistant essential hypertension were studied. The first group consisted of 176 patients admitted for hospitalization for exclusion of a secondary cause to our hypertension centre (103 men); the second one consisted of 163 out-patients (92 men) investigated for the first time in an out-patient hypertension clinic. Unplanned blood sampling for assessment of serum antihypertensive drug concentrations by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed in all patients. RESULTS Our main finding is a surprisingly low compliance with drug treatment in out-patients with resistant hypertension (23% partially noncompliant and 24% totally noncompliant - in total, 47% prevalence of noncompliance). Eighty-one percent of hospitalized patients were positive, in 10% the results were partially positive and in 9% of the patients, the drugs were all negative. The compliance among hospitalized patients was probably better due to lower numbers of prescribed drugs and expected thorough investigation. More frequently, noncompliance was found in nonworking (potential purpose-built behaviour), younger and less well educated patients. The most frequent noncompliance was to doxazosine, spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide. We have observed a surprisingly low compliance with treatment among out-patients with severe hypertension. CONCLUSION We conclude that the evaluation of antihypertensive drugs concentrations is a useful and precise method for assessment of noncompliance in patients with resistant hypertension. This evaluation is useful before starting the diagnostic work-up of secondary forms of hypertension and before assignment patients into protocols with new therapy modalities such as renal denervation.
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16
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Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite modified electrode for the determination of sulfonamide residues. Talanta 2014; 123:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Hasanzadeh M, Pournaghi-Azar MH, Shadjou N, Jouyban A. Determination of diltiazem in the presence of timolol in human serum samples using a nanoFe3O4@GO modified glassy carbon electrode. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new chemically modified electrode was constructed based on a magnetic graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (nanoFe3O4@GO-GC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry
- Nano Technology Center
- Urmia University
- Urmia, Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz 51664, Iran
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Muszalska I, Sobczak A, Dołhań A, Jelińska A. Analysis of Sartans: a review. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:2-28. [PMID: 24227012 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular diseases is closely related to hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes. When these risk factors appear together they are referred to as a metabolic syndrome. In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a combination of antihypertensive, hypolipemiant, and antidiabetic drugs is often applied. Diuretics (chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptors antagonist (sartans) are used to control hypertension, whereas statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to reduce cholesterol levels. This review is concerned with methods for the analysis of sartans in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations, environmental and biological samples, and discusses the current status of stability studies of sartans . It also presents analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of sartans, diuretics, and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Muszalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
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Dias E, Hachey B, McNaughton C, Nian H, Yu C, Straka B, Brown NJ, Caprioli RM. An LC-MS assay for the screening of cardiovascular medications in human samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:44-53. [PMID: 24013190 PMCID: PMC3800555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular drugs are the most commonly prescribed medications. Some prior assays successfully detect cardiovascular drugs among multiple classes using a single sample. Here, we develop an assay to detect a broad range of cardiovascular drug classes to include commonly used cardiovascular drugs and evaluate the assay's analytical and statistical properties in a clinical setting. We describe a protocol for drug detection that encompasses 34 commonly prescribed cardiovascular drugs or drug metabolites with a single LC-MS/MS method using 100μL of serum or plasma. Drug classes monitored by this assay include: anticoagulants, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, statins, and vasodilators, as well as digoxin, fenofibrate, and niacin. Analytical accuracy and precision for each drug were evaluated by repeating the assay on spiked samples at low, medium, and high concentrations. In 294 clinical samples obtained from hospitalized patients for whom medication administration was recorded, we evaluated the assay's statistical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. For the 34 drugs or drug metabolites, the assay was statistically sensitive (>0.90) for all drugs except captopril (0.25), isosorbide (0.81), and niacin (0.89). The assay was statistically specific for all drugs, with a minimum specificity of 0.94 (aspirin). To our knowledge, this method is the first method of simultaneous analysis of 34 cardiovascular drugs or drug metabolites from nine drug classes evaluated using clinical samples from hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Dias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian Hachey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Candace McNaughton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Nian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Britt Straka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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El-Gizawy SM, Abdelmageed OH, Omar MA, Deryea SM, Abdel-Megied AM. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine, Valsartan, Hydrochlorothiazide in Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.36055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gonzalez O, Iriarte G, Rico E, Ferreirós N, Maguregui MI, Alonso RM, Jiménez RM. LC–MS/MS method for the determination of several drugs used in combined cardiovascular therapy in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2685-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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