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Shan H, Li L, Bai W, Liu L. Evolution Process of Humins Derived from Glucose. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Shan
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lei Li
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Bai
- Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010020 China
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2
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Fongaro B, Cian V, Gabaldo F, De Paoli G, Miolo G, Polverino de Laureto P. Managing antibody stability: effects of stressors on Ipilimumab from the commercial formulation to diluted solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:54-74. [PMID: 35595030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the monoclonal antibody Ipilimumab, the active ingredient of Yervoy®, used for the treatment of different types of cancer, has been investigated. Shaking/temperature, light exposure and dilution, protein drug renowned stressors, were applied on a 30-45-day series of experiments to observe the physicochemical and biological behavior of the molecule. Ipilimumab demonstrated stability under shaking and heat up to 45 days, without any unfolding during the induced combined stressors. Under artificial sunlight, the mAb showed to be sensitive even under the minimum dose tested (720 kJ/m2) with formation of aggregates, particularly when diluted in glucose solution. The light-induced soluble aggregates were higher in the case of diluted samples irradiated with much higher light doses (10460 kJ/m2). The aggregation of Ipilimumab took place also by irradiating the non-diluted formulation, indicating that the excipients did not protect completely the drug from photodegradation. Amino acid oxidation and deamidation were found. Anyway, after irradiation with both light doses, soluble Ipilimumab maintained its typical β-sheets structure, and the tertiary structure was nearly maintained compared to the dark. As an additional stressor test, the effect of dilution on the formulation was monitored by using a saline solution (1 mg/mL Ipilimumab) applied during hospital infusion. After two days from dilution, the protein exhibited aggregation and chemical modifications including oxidation and deamidation. When stability conditions were compromised, the viability of human cell lines treated with the stressed formulation slight decreased suggesting low potential biological toxicity of the modified mAb. As this study has demonstrated the susceptibility of Ipilimumab to light, specific solutions, and excipients as well as the use of safe light in manufacturing, handling, and storage of this drug should be promoted. Moreover, the use of proper primary and secondary packaging should be indicated to avoid the detrimental effect of light on the mAb structure and efficacy. A detailed understanding of Ipilimumab physicochemical properties, integrity, and stability could assure the best storage and manipulation conditions for its safe and successful application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Cian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabaldo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Paoli
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Giorgia Miolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Degradation and de novo formation of nine major glucose degradation products during storage of peritoneal dialysis fluids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4268. [PMID: 35277529 PMCID: PMC8917136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive glucose degradation products (GDPs) are formed during heat sterilization of glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) and may induce adverse clinical effects. Long periods of storage and/or transport of PDFs before use may lead to de novo formation or degradation of GDPs. Therefore, the present study quantified the GDP profiles of single- and double-chamber PDFs during storage. Glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MGO), acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were quantified by two validated UHPLC-DAD methods after derivatization with o-phenylenediamine (dicarbonyls) or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (monocarbonyls). The PDFs were stored at 50 °C for 0, 1, 2, 4, 13, and 26 weeks. The total GDP concentration of single-chamber PDFs did not change considerably during storage (496.6 ± 16.0 µM, 0 weeks; 519.1 ± 13.1 µM, 26 weeks), but individual GDPs were affected differently. 3-DG (− 82.6 µM) and 3-DGal (− 71.3 µM) were degraded, whereas 5-HMF (+ 161.7 µM), glyoxal (+ 32.2 µM), and formaldehyde (+ 12.4 µM) accumulated between 0 and 26 weeks. Acetaldehyde, glucosone, MGO, and 3,4-DGE showed time-dependent formation and degradation. The GDP concentrations in double-chamber fluids were generally lower and differently affected by storage. In conclusion, the changes of GDP concentrations during storage should be considered for the evaluation of clinical effects of PDFs.
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Tang J, Wei L, He S, Li J, Nan D, Ma L, Shen W, Kang F, Lv R, Huang Z. A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Room Temperature Exfoliated Graphite-Derived Film Decorated with Dendritic Copper. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175067. [PMID: 34501157 PMCID: PMC8433722 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive enzyme-free glucose sensor was facilely prepared by electrodepositing three-dimensional dendritic Cu on a room temperature exfoliated graphite-derived film (RTEG-F). An excellent electrocatalytic performance was demonstrated for glucose by using Cu/RTEG-F as an electrode. In terms of the high conductivity of RTEG-F and the good catalytic activity of the dendritic Cu structures, the sensor demonstrates high sensitivities of 23.237 mA/mM/cm2, R2 = 0.990, and 10.098 mA/mM/cm2, R2 = 0.999, corresponding to the concentration of glucose ranging from 0.025 mM to 1.0 mM and 1.0 mM to 2.7 mM, respectively, and the detection limit is 0.68 μM. In addition, the Cu/RTEG-F electrode demonstrates excellent anti-interference to interfering species and a high stability. Our work provides a new idea for the preparation of high-performance electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Luo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Shuaijie He
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Jihui Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ding Nan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, West University Street 235, Hohhot 010021, China;
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, Aimin Street 49, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Liqiang Ma
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wanci Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Feiyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.T.); (L.W.); (S.H.); (W.S.); (F.K.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.H.)
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Leitzen S, Vogel M, Engels A, Zapf T, Brandl M. Identification and quantification of glucose degradation products in heat-sterilized glucose solutions for parenteral use by thin-layer chromatography. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253811. [PMID: 34214128 PMCID: PMC8253424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During heat sterilization of glucose solutions, a variety of glucose degradation products (GDPs) may be formed. GDPs can cause cytotoxic effects after parenteral administration of these solutions. The aim of the current study therefore was to develop a simple and quick high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method by which the major GDPs can be identified and (summarily) quantified in glucose solutions for parenteral administration. All GDPs were derivatized with o-phenylenediamine (OPD). The resulting GDP derivatives (quinoxalines) were applied to an HPTLC plate. After 20 minutes of chamber saturation with the solvent, the HPTLC plate was developed in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane-toluene-glacial acetic acid (49:49:2, v/v/v), treated with thymol-sulfuric acid spray reagent, and heated at 130°C for 10 minutes. Finally, the GDPs were quantified by using a TLC scanner. For validation, the identities of the quinoxaline derivatives were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Glyoxal (GO)/methylglyoxal (MGO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG)/3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal) could be identified and quantified in pairs, glucosone (2-KDG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) each individually. For 2-KDG, the linearity of the method was demonstrated in the range of 1–50 μg/mL, for 5-HMF and 3,4-DGE 1–75 μg/mL, for GO/MGO 2–150 μg/mL, and for 3-DG/3-DGal 10–150 μg/mL. All GDPs achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 μg/mL or less and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10 μg/mL or less. R2 was 0.982 for 3.4-DGE, 0.997 for 5-HMF, and 0.999 for 2-KDG, 3-DG/3-DGal, and GO/MGO. The intraday precision was between 0.4 and 14.2% and the accuracy, reported as % recovery, between 86.4 and 112.7%. The proposed HPTLC method appears to be an inexpensive, fast, and sufficiently sensitive approach for routine quantitative analysis of GDPs in heat-sterilized glucose solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leitzen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anette Engels
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zapf
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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The Effect of Far-Infrared Therapy on the Peritoneal Expression of Glucose Degradation Products in Diabetic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073732. [PMID: 33918516 PMCID: PMC8038268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Dextrose is a common osmotic agent used in PD solutions and its absorption may exacerbate diabetes mellitus, a common complication of ESRD. PD solutions also contain glucose degradation products (GDPs) that may lead to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), a severe complication of PD. A previous study showed that far-infrared (FIR) therapy improved a patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms due to EPS. Due to limited literature on the matter, this study aims to investigate dialysate GDPs and peritoneal function in diabetic patients on PD. Thirty-one PD patients were enrolled and underwent 40 min of FIR therapy twice daily for six months. We demonstrated the effect of FIR therapy on the following: (1) decrease of methylglyoxal (p = 0.02), furfural (p = 0.005), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (p = 0.03), (2) increase of D/D0 glucose ratio (p = 0.03), and (3) decrease of potassium levels (p = 0.008) in both DM and non-DM patients, as well as (4) maintenance and increase of peritoneal Kt/V in DM and non-DM patients, respectively (p = 0.03). FIR therapy is a non-invasive intervention that can decrease dialysate GDPs in PD patients by improving peritoneal transport rate and solute removal clearance, while also maintaining dialysis adequacy.
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Metal cations promote α-dicarbonyl formation in glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids. Glycoconj J 2020; 38:319-329. [PMID: 33283256 PMCID: PMC8116238 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) leads to the formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which impair long-term peritoneal dialysis. The current study investigated the effects of metal ions, which occur as trace impurities in the fluids, on the formation of six major α-dicarbonyl GDPs, namely glucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. The chelation of metal ions by 2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid (DTPA) during sterilization significantly decreased the total GDP content (585 μM vs. 672 μM), mainly due to the decrease of the glucose-oxidation products glucosone (14 μM vs. 61 μM) and glyoxal (3 μM vs. 11 μM), but also of methylglyoxal (14 μM vs. 31 μM). The glucose-dehydration products 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene were not significantly affected by chelation of metal ions. Additionally, PDFs were spiked with eleven different metal ions, which were detected as traces in commercial PDFs, to investigate their influence on GDP formation during heat sterilization. Iron(II), manganese(II), and chromium(III) had the highest impact increasing the formation of glucosone (1.2–1.5 fold increase) and glyoxal (1.3–1.5 fold increase). Nickel(II) and vanadium(III) further promoted the formation of glyoxal (1.3 fold increase). The increase of the pH value of the PDFs from pH 5.5 to a physiological pH of 7.5 resulted in a decreased formation of total GDPs (672 μM vs 637 μM). These results indicate that the adjustment of metal ions and the pH value may be a strategy to further decrease the content of GDPs in PDFs.
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8
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Mozuch MD, Hirth KC, Schwartz TJ, Kersten PJ. Repurposing Inflatable Packaging Pillows as Bioreactors: a Convenient Synthesis of Glucosone by Whole-Cell Catalysis Under Oxygen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:743-760. [PMID: 33188507 PMCID: PMC7910265 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis using molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor has significant potential for selective oxidations at low cost. However, oxygen is poorly soluble in water, and its slow rate of mass transfer in the aqueous phase is a major obstacle, even for laboratory-scale syntheses. Oxygen transfer can be accelerated by vigorous mechanical methods, but these are often incompatible with biological catalysts. Gentler conditions can be achieved with shallow, high surface area bag reactors that are designed for single use and generally for specialized cell culture applications. As a less-expensive alternative to these high-end bioreactors, we describe repurposing inflatable shipping pillows with resealable valves to provide high surface area mixing under oxygen for preparative synthesis of glucosone (D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose) from D-glucose using non-growing Escherichia coli whole cells containing recombinant pyranose 2-oxidase (POX) as catalyst. Parallel reactions permitted systematic study of the effects of headspace composition (i.e., air vs 100% oxygen), cell density, exogenous catalase, and reaction volume in the oxidation of 10% glucose. Importantly, only a single charge of 100% oxygen is required for stoichiometric conversion on a multi-gram scale in 18 h with resting cells, and the conversion was successfully repeated with recycled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mozuch
- Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Kolby C Hirth
- Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Thomas J Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Philip J Kersten
- Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
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Yan S, Sun M, Zhao L, Wang K, Fang X, Wu L, Xue X. Comparison of Differences of α-Dicarbonyl Compounds between Naturally Matured and Artificially Heated Acacia Honey: Their Application to Determine Honey Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12885-12894. [PMID: 31675227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) are a major class of intermediates generated during Maillard reactions. They can serve as chemical markers of thermal processing and storage of sugar-rich foods. To distinguish between naturally matured acacia honey (NMAH) and artificially heated acacia honey (AHAH), we purified 12 major α-DCs quinoxaline derivatives to investigate the effects of temperature during heat treatment and storage on their accumulation in acacia honey. Nine of the 12 α-dicarbonyl compounds were found in acacia honey samples, and their contents varied depending on processing and storage conditions. Among them, the contents of 3-deoxyglucosulose (3-DG), 1,4-dideoxyglucosone (1,4-DDG), and 1-deoxyglucosone (1-DG) increased commensurately with heat. 3-DG content ranged from 103.7 to 146.6 mg/kg in NMAH and 572.4-1371.2 mg/kg in AHAH. Given the abundance and stability of 3-DG following heat treatment and storage, this compound can potentially serve as a reliable marker for distinguishing between NMAH and AHAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yan
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu 030801 , P. R. China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
- Innovation Research Team of Risk Assessment for Bee Products Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fang
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
- Innovation Research Team of Risk Assessment for Bee Products Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China
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Yang S, Liu D, Meng QB, Wu S, Song XM. Reduced graphene oxide-supported methylene blue nanocomposite as a glucose oxidase-mimetic for electrochemical glucose sensing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32565-32573. [PMID: 35547707 PMCID: PMC9086296 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel electrochemical glucose sensor based on methylene blue-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite was constructed, and the sensor exhibited good glucose oxidase-mimetic electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
| | - Daliang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
| | - Qing Bo Meng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
| | - Shuyao Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
| | - Xi-Ming Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- China
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Navarro M, Atzenbeck L, Pischetsrieder M, Morales FJ. Investigations on the Reaction of C3 and C6 α-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Hydroxytyrosol and Related Compounds under Competitive Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6327-6332. [PMID: 27476321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyl compounds are intermediates in reactions that lead to the formation of potentially harmful advanced glycation end-products. Carbonyl-trapping capacities of antiglycative substances have been traditionally limited to C2 and C3 α-dicarbonyl structures. Glyoxal (GO)-, methylglyoxal (MGO)-, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG)-, 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal)-, 3,4-dideoxyglucoson-3-ene-, and glucosone-trapping capacities of hydroxytyrosol (HT), hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in simple (phenolic/dicarbonyl) and competitive model systems (phenolic/dicarbonyl1/dicarbonyl2) were investigated. HT and HTA were more effective for MGO than 3-DG and 3-DGal. Furthermore, DOPAC exerted higher trapping capacity than HT and HTA for C3 and C6 α-dicarbonyl compounds. In the competitive systems, HT-related substances did not show preference for trapping 3-DG or 3-DGal and behaved as in the simple systems. In the presence of MGO, however, HT-related substances were more effective for trapping MGO than C6 structures. The results demonstrate the C6 α-dicarbonyl-trapping capacities of HT, HTA, and DOPAC, with DOPAC exerting the highest activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarro
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC , E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Atzenbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francisco J Morales
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC , E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pischetsrieder M, Gensberger-Reigl S, Atzenbeck L, Weigel I. Chemistry and clinical relevance of carbohydrate degradation in drugs. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1620-1631. [PMID: 27320689 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate degradation products are formed during heat sterilization in drugs containing (poly-)glucose as osmotic agents. Given this situation, peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) and infusion fluids are of particular clinical relevance, because these drugs deliver process contaminants either over a longer period or directly into the circulation of patients who are critically ill. For the development of suitable mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the reaction mechanisms of carbohydrate degradation during sterilization and how the resulting products interact with physiological targets at the molecular level. Furthermore, reliable, comprehensive, and highly sensitive quantification methods are required for product control and toxicological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Gensberger-Reigl
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Atzenbeck
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Weigel
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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Henning C, Glomb MA. Pathways of the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:499-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Gensberger-Reigl S, Huppert J, Pischetsrieder M. Quantification of reactive carbonyl compounds in icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluids by combined UHPLC-DAD and -MS/MS detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 118:132-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Gensberger S, Knabner C, Waibel R, Huppert J, Pischetsrieder M. Qualitative Profiling of Polyglucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6103-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gensberger
- Food
Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer
Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carina Knabner
- Food
Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer
Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Waibel
- Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer
Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Huppert
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter Str. 6-8, 66606 St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food
Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer
Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Henning C, Liehr K, Girndt M, Ulrich C, Glomb MA. Extending the spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28676-88. [PMID: 25164824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.563593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maillard α-dicarbonyl compounds are known as central intermediates in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the human body, whereas l-threo-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential nutrient, involved in a variety of enzymatic reactions. Thus, the Maillard degradation of glucose and ascorbic acid is of major importance in vivo. To understand the complex mechanistic pathways of AGE formation, it is crucial to extend the knowledge on plasma concentrations of reactive key α-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g. 1-deoxyglucosone). With the present work, we introduce a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS multimethod for human blood plasma based on derivatization with o-phenylenediamine under acidic conditions. The impact of workup and reaction conditions, particularly of pH, was thoroughly evaluated. A comprehensive validation provided the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, coefficients of variation, and recovery rates. The method includes the α-dicarbonyls 1-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glucosone, Lederer's glucosone, dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, 1-deoxypentosone, 3-deoxypentosone, 3,4-dideoxypentosone, pentosone, 1-deoxythreosone, 3-deoxythreosone, threosone, methylglyoxal, glyoxal; the α-keto-carboxylic acids pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid; and the dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid. The method was then applied to the analyses of 15 healthy subjects and 24 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. The comparison of the results revealed a clear shift in the product spectrum. In most cases, the plasma levels of target analytes were significantly higher. Thus, this is the first time that a complete spectrum of α-dicarbonyl compounds relevant in vivo has been established. The results provide further insights into the chemistry of AGE formation and will be helpful to find specific markers to differentiate between the various precursors of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Girndt
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christof Ulrich
- the Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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17
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Marshall SM, Schneider KR, Cisneros KV, Gu L. Determination of antioxidant capacities, α-dicarbonyls, and phenolic phytochemicals in Florida varietal honeys using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8623-8631. [PMID: 25102012 DOI: 10.1021/jf501329y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Honeys contain phenolic compounds and α-dicarbonyls with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities, respectively. The type and concentration of these compounds vary depending on the floral source and geographical location where the honey is produced. Seventeen varietal honeys, including 12 monofloral and 5 multifloral honeys, were sampled from different regions of Florida. The monofloral honeys included those from citrus, tupelo, palmetto, and gallberry. These honeys were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and free radical scavenging capacity and compared with three New Zealand Manuka honeys. Phenolic phytochemicals and α-dicarbonyls were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD-MS(n). Several honey varieties from gallberry, Manuka, and multifloral displayed a total phenolic content >1000 μg GAE/g. A citrus honey had the lowest total phenolic content of 286 μg GAE/g. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the honeys ranged from 1.48 to 18.2 μmol TE/g. All honeys contained 3-deoxyglucosone at a higher concentration than methylglyoxal or glyoxal. Manuka honeys had higher concentrations of methylglyoxal than other varieties. Plant hormones 2-cis,4-trans-abscisic acid and 2-trans,4-trans-abscisic acid were the most abundant phytochemicals in all honeys. Coumaric acid, rutin, chrysin, pinocembrin, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol were also found in samples but at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Marshall
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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18
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Distler L, Georgieva A, Kenkel I, Huppert J, Pischetsrieder M. Structure- and concentration-specific assessment of the physiological reactivity of α-dicarbonyl glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1421-30. [PMID: 25033248 DOI: 10.1021/tx500153n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In peritoneal dialysis (PD), glucose degradation products (GDPs), which are formed during heat sterilization of dialysis fluids, lead to structural and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane, which eventually result in the loss of its ultrafiltration capacity. To determine the molecular mechanisms behind these processes, the present study tested the influence of the six major α-dicarbonyl GDPs in PD fluids, namely, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), and glucosone with respect to their potential to impair the enzymatic activity of RNase A as well as their effects on cell viability. For comprehensive risk assessment, the α-dicarbonyl GDPs were applied separately and in concentrations as present in conventional PD fluids. Thus, it was shown that after 5 days, glucosone impaired RNase A activity most distinctly (58% remaining activity, p < 0.001 compared to that of the control), followed by 3,4-DGE (62%, p < 0.001), 3-DGal (66%, p < 0.001), and 3-DG (76%, p < 0.01). Methylglyoxal and glyoxal caused weaker inactivation with significant effects only after 10 days of incubation (79%, 81%, p < 0.001). Profiling of the advanced glycation end products formed during the incubation of RNase A with methylglyoxal revealed predominant formation of the arginine modifications imidazolinone, CEA/dihydroxyimidazoline, and tetrahydropyrimidine at Arg10, Arg33, Arg39, and Arg85. Particularly, modification at Arg39 may severely affect the active site of the enzyme. Additionally, structure- and concentration-specific assessment of the cytotoxicity of the α-dicarbonyl GDPs was performed. Although present at very low concentration, the cytotoxic effect of PD fluids after 2 days of incubation was exclusively caused by 3,4-DGE (14% cell viability, p < 0.001). After 4 days of incubation, 3-DGal (13% cell viability, p < 0.001), 3-DG (24%, p < 0.001), and, to a lower extent, glyoxal and methylglyoxal (both 57%, p < 0.01) also reduced cell viability significantly. In conclusion, 3,4-DGE, 3-DGal, and glucosone appear to be the most relevant parameters for the biocompatibility of PD fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Distler
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Gensberger S, Glomb MA, Pischetsrieder M. Analysis of sugar degradation products with α-dicarbonyl structure in carbonated soft drinks by UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10238-10245. [PMID: 23452313 DOI: 10.1021/jf3048466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) are broadly consumed worldwide. The added sugar, particularly high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), can be an important source of sugar degradation products, such as α-dicarbonyl compounds. This study recorded the α-dicarbonyl profile in CSDs by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with hyphenated diode array-tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization with o-phenylenediamine. Thus, 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexos-2-ulose (3-DG), D-lyxo-hexos-2-ulose (glucosone), 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexos-2-ulose (3-DGal), 1-deoxy-D-erythro-hexos-2,3-diulose (1-DG), 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), methylglyoxal, and glyoxal were identified as major α-dicarbonyls and, with the exception of glyoxal, quantified (recovery rates, 85.6-103.1%; RSD, 0.8-3.6%). Total α-dicarbonyl concentration in 25 tested commercial products ranged between 0.3 and 116 μg/mL and was significantly higher in HFCS-sweetened CSDs compared to CSDs sweetened with HFCS and sucrose or with sucrose alone. Predominant was 3-DG (≤87 μg/mL) followed by glucosone (≤21 μg/mL), 3-DGal (≤7.7 μg/mL), 1-DG (≤2.8 μg/mL), methylglyoxal (≤0.62 μg/mL), and 3,4-DGE (≤0.45 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gensberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Daglia M, Amoroso A, Rossi D, Mascherpa D, Maga G. Identification and quantification of α-dicarbonyl compounds in balsamic and traditional balsamic vinegars and their cytotoxicity against human cells. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Mittelmaier S, Niwa T, Pischetsrieder M. Chemical and physiological relevance of glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:181-5. [PMID: 22200439 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and vascular sclerosis are main complications that limit the long-term application of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Low biocompatibility has been largely attributed to the presence of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which are formed during the heat sterilization of PD fluids. GDPs readily modify proteins in the peritoneum, leading to a decline of their biological function. After absorption, GDPs can also promote systemic protein glycation. Additionally, GDPs may augment DNA glycation, a process enhanced in uremia. Apart from their glycating activity, GDPs induce cytotoxicity and interfere with cell signaling in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Targeted screening revealed the nature of the 6 major GDPs with α-dicarbonyl structure as 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, glucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. Valid quantification of these GDPs was achieved by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry. Identification and quantification of single GDPs allow a structure-dependent risk evaluation. As a consequence, PD fluids and processes can be improved to reduce the GDP burden of patients undergoing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittelmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Identification and quantification of six major α-dicarbonyl process contaminants in high-fructose corn syrup. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2923-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Himmele R, Jensen L, Fenn D, Ho CH, Sawin DA, Diaz-Buxo JA. A new neutral-pH low-GDP peritoneal dialysis fluid. Perit Dial Int 2012; 32:444-52. [PMID: 22383632 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) consist of ready-to-use solutions with an acidic pH. Sterilization of these fluids is known to generate high levels of glucose degradation products (GDPs). Although several neutral-pH, low-GDP PD solutions have been developed, none are commercially available in the United States. We analyzed pH and GDPs in Delflex Neutral pH (Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, MA, USA), the first neutral-pH PDF to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. METHODS We evaluated whether patients (n = 26; age range: 18 - 78 years) could properly mix the Delflex Neutral pH PDF after standardized initial training. We further analyzed the concentrations of 10 different glucose degradation products in Delflex Neutral pH PDF and compared the results with similar analyses in other commercially available biocompatible PDFs. RESULTS All pH measurements (n = 288) in the delivered Delflex Neutral pH solution consistently fell within the labeled range of 7.0 ± 0.4. Analysis of mixing errors showed no significant impact on the pH results. Delflex Neutral pH, Balance (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany), BicaVera (Fresenius Medical Care), and Gambrosol Trio (Gambro Lundia AB, Lund, Sweden) exhibited similar low total GDP concentrations, with maximums in the 4.25% solutions of 88 μmol/L, 74 μmol/L, 74 μmol/L, and 79 μmol/L respectively; the concentration in Physioneal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) was considerably higher at 263.26 μmol/L. The total GDP concentration in Extraneal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) was 63 μmol/L, being thus slightly lower than the concentrations in the 4.25% glucose solutions, but higher than the concentrations in the 1.5% and 2.5% glucose solutions. CONCLUSIONS The new Delflex Neutral pH PDF consistently delivers neutral pH with minimal GDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Himmele
- Fresenius Medical Care North America, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Rapid and sensitive determination of the intermediates of advanced glycation end products in the human nail by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:187-94. [PMID: 22381369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The resolution of the intermediate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the human nail was carried out by the combination of 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine (DMPD) derivatives and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS). The reaction of the reagent with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), methylglyoxal (MG), and glyoxal (GO) effectively proceeds at 60°C for 2h. The resulting derivatives were efficiently separated by a gradient program (a mixture of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid) using a reversed-phase ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (1.7 μm, 50×2.1 mm i.d.) and sensitively detected by TOF-MS. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=5) of the TOF-MS were 10 to 50 fmol. A good linearity was achieved from the calibration curve, which was obtained by plotting the peak area ratios of the analytes relative to the internal standard (IS) (i.e., 2,3-hexanedione) versus the injected amounts of 3-DG, MG, and GO (r(2)>0.999), and the intra- and interday assay precisions were less than 6.89%. The derivatives of the compounds in the human nail were successfully identified by the proposed procedure. As we know, these three kinds of dicarbonyl intermediates in the formation of AGEs-3-DG, MG, and GO-were first found in human nail samples. Using these methods, the amounts of compound in the nails of healthy volunteers and diabetic patients were determined. When comparing the index from the diabetic patients with that from healthy volunteers, there is no significant difference in the content of the MG and GO in the nails. However, a statistically significant (P<0.001) correlation was observed between the 3-DG concentrations. Because the proposed method provides a good mass accuracy and the trace detection of the dicarbonyl intermediates of AGEs in the human nail, this analytical technique could be a noninvasive technique to assist in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in diabetic patients. Here we present a novel, sensitive, and simple method for the simultaneous determination of dicarbonyl compounds in the human nail.
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Mittelmaier S, Pischetsrieder M. Multistep Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Untargeted Quantification of Glycating Activity and Identification of Most Relevant Glycation Products. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9660-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2025706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittelmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Nemet I, Monnier VM. Vitamin C degradation products and pathways in the human lens. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37128-36. [PMID: 21885436 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.245100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C and its degradation products participate in chemical modifications of proteins in vivo through non-enzymatic glycation (Maillard reaction) and formation of different products called advanced glycation end products. Vitamin C levels are particularly high in selected tissues, such as lens, brain and adrenal gland, and its degradation products can inflict substantial protein damage via formation of advanced glycation end products. However, the pathways of in vivo vitamin C degradation are poorly understood. Here we have determined the levels of vitamin C oxidation and degradation products dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, 3-deoxythreosone, xylosone, and threosone in the human lens using o-phenylenediamine to trap both free and protein-bound adducts. In the protein-free fraction and water-soluble proteins (WSP), all five listed degradation products were identified. Dehydroascorbic acid, 2,3-diketogulonic acid, and 3-deoxythreosone were the major products in the protein-free fraction, whereas in the WSP, 3-deoxythreosone was the most abundant measured dicarbonyl. In addition, 3-deoxythreosone in WSP showed positive linear correlation with age (p < 0.05). In water-insoluble proteins, only 3-deoxythreosone and threosone were detected, whereby the level of 3-deoxythreosone was ∼20 times higher than the level of threosone. The identification of 3-deoxythreosone as the major degradation product bound to human lens proteins provides in vivo evidence for the non-oxidative pathway of dehydroascorbate degradation into erythrulose as a major pathway for vitamin C degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Nemet
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Mittelmaier S, Fünfrocken M, Fenn D, Berlich R, Pischetsrieder M. Quantification of the six major α-dicarbonyl contaminants in peritoneal dialysis fluids by UHPLC/DAD/MSMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1183-93. [PMID: 21725830 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis solutions, glucose is partially transformed into glucose degradation products (GDPs), which significantly reduce the biocompatibility of these medicinal products. Targeted α-dicarbonyl screening identified glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, 3,4-dideooxyglucosone-3-ene, glucosone, and 3-deoxygalactosone as the major six GDPs with α-dicarbonyl structure. In the present study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed which allows the separation of all relevant α-dicarbonyl GDPs within a run time of 15 min after derivatization with o-phenylenediamine. Hyphenated diode array detection/tandem mass spectrometry detection provides very robust quantification and, at the same time, unequivocal peak confirmation. Systematic evaluation of the derivatization process resulted in an optimal derivatization period that provided maximal derivatization yield, minimal de novo formation (uncertainty range ±5%), and maximal sample throughput. The limit of detection of the method ranged from 0.13 to 0.19 μM and the limit of quantification from 0.40 to 0.57 μM. Relative standard deviations were below 5%, and recovery rates ranged between 91% and 154%, dependent on the type and concentration of the analyte (in 87 out of 90 samples, recovery rates were 100 ± 15%). The method was then applied for the analysis of commercial peritoneal dialysis fluids (nine different product types, samples from three lots of each).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittelmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Mittelmaier S, Fünfrocken M, Fenn D, Pischetsrieder M. 3-Deoxygalactosone, a new glucose degradation product in peritoneal dialysis fluids: identification, quantification by HPLC/DAD/MSMS and its pathway of formation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1689-97. [PMID: 21136045 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids leads to the formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which considerably impair long-term application of PD. Knowledge of the exact composition of GDPs present in a PD fluid is important to improve the biocompatibility of dialysis solutions. The present study conducted a targeted screening for novel GDPs with α-dicarbonyl structure in PD fluids. Thus, 3-deoxygalactosone (3-DGal) was identified for the first time in PD fluids. Quantification of 3-DGal was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/DAD/MSMS after derivatization with o-phenylendiamine to yield the quinoxaline derivative. Baseline separation of all α-dicarbonyl GDPs, particularly of the diastereomers 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 3-DGal, required the application of a polar, phenyl-based RP column for HPLC and additional pH-gradient elution. Concentrations of 3-DGal ranged between 55.8 and 136.9 μM in single-chamber PD fluids, and between 2.5 and 12.4 μM in double-chamber PD fluids. In solutions containing glucose, 3-DGal is formed from 3-DG via the intermediate 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE). Further studies are now required to determine the (patho-)physiological properties of 3-DGal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittelmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schuhstr. 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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