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Yu SJ, Wang Y, Shen H, Bae EK, Li Y, Sambamurti K, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH. DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and PF-00734,200 mitigate dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment in the rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:4349-4371. [PMID: 38563864 PMCID: PMC11336009 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is mitigated in those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. With an objective to characterize clinically translatable doses of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) in a well-characterized PD rodent model, sitagliptin, PF-00734,200 or vehicle were orally administered to rats initiated either 7-days before or 7-days after unilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning. Measures of dopaminergic cell viability, dopamine content, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were evaluated thereafter in ipsi- and contralateral brain. Plasma and brain incretin and DPP-4 activity levels were quantified. Furthermore, brain incretin receptor levels were age-dependently evaluated in rodents, in 6-OHDA challenged animals and human subjects with/without PD. Cellular studies evaluated neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions of combined incretin administration. Pre-treatment with oral sitagliptin or PF-00734,200 reduced methamphetamine (meth)-induced rotation post-lesioning and dopaminergic degeneration in lesioned substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum. Direct intracerebroventricular gliptin administration lacked neuroprotective actions, indicating that systemic incretin-mediated mechanisms underpin gliptin-induced favorable brain effects. Post-treatment with a threefold higher oral gliptin dose, likewise, mitigated meth-induced rotation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, and augmented neurogenesis. These gliptin-induced actions associated with 70-80% plasma and 20-30% brain DPP-4 inhibition, and elevated plasma and brain incretin levels. Brain incretin receptor protein levels were age-dependently maintained in rodents, preserved in rats challenged with 6-OHDA, and in humans with PD. Combined GLP-1 and GIP receptor activation in neuronal cultures resulted in neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions superior to single agonists alone. In conclusion, these studies support further evaluation of the repurposing of clinically approved gliptins as a treatment strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hui Shen
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yazhou Li
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurosciences, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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2
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Li Y, Vaughan KL, Wang Y, Yu SJ, Bae EK, Tamargo IA, Kopp KO, Tweedie D, Chiang CC, Schmidt KT, Lahiri DK, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Mattison JA, Greig NH. Sitagliptin elevates plasma and CSF incretin levels following oral administration to nonhuman primates: relevance for neurodegenerative disorders. GeroScience 2024; 46:4397-4414. [PMID: 38532069 PMCID: PMC11335710 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endogenous incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possess neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin reduces degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, and, thereby, extends the circulation of these protective peptides. The current nonhuman primate (NHP) study evaluates whether human translational sitagliptin doses can elevate systemic and central nervous system (CNS) levels of GLP-1/GIP in naive, non-lesioned NHPs, in line with our prior rodent studies that demonstrated sitagliptin efficacy in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder whose current treatment is inadequate. Repositioning of the well-tolerated and efficacious diabetes drug sitagliptin provides a rapid approach to add to the therapeutic armamentarium for PD. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3 oral sitagliptin doses (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg), equivalent to the routine clinical dose, a tolerated higher clinical dose and a maximal dose in monkey, were evaluated. Peak plasma sitagliptin levels were aligned both with prior reports in humans administered equivalent doses and with those in rodents demonstrating reduction of PD associated neurodegeneration. Although CNS uptake of sitagliptin was low (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratio 0.01), both plasma and CSF concentrations of GLP-1/GIP were elevated in line with efficacy in prior rodent PD studies. Additional cellular studies evaluating human SH-SY5Y and primary rat ventral mesencephalic cultures challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine, established cellular models of PD, demonstrated that joint treatment with GLP-1 + GIP mitigated cell death, particularly when combined with DPP-4 inhibition to maintain incretin levels. In conclusion, this study provides a supportive translational step towards the clinical evaluation of sitagliptin in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders for which aging, similarly, is the greatest risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katherine O Kopp
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cheng-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Keith T Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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3
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Spandana T, Goli VV, Gurupadayya B. In vitro study and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1033-1047. [PMID: 37431826 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A chiral HPLC technique was developed to determine sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma in compliance with US FDA regulations. Methods & results: The technique used a Phenomenex column with a mobile phase consisting of a 60:35:5 (v/v/v) blend of pH4, 10-mM ammonium acetate buffer, methanol and 0.1% formic acid in Millipore water. The precision for both (R) and (S) sitagliptin phosphate varied between 0.246 and 1.246%, while the accuracy was 99.6-100.1%. A glucose uptake assay was used to assess enantiomers in 3T3-L1 cell lines through flow cytometry. Conclusion: Investigation of the pharmacokinetic impacts of sitagliptin phosphate racemic enantiomers in rat plasma revealed notable contrasts in R and S enantiomers in female albino Wistar rats, suggesting enantioselectivity for sitagliptin phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatineni Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Veera Vn Goli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
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4
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Current analytical methods to monitor type 2 diabetes medication in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Arbouche N, Raul JS, Kintz P. Développement et validation d’une méthode de criblage et de dosage de 13 antidiabétiques oraux dans le sang par LC-MS/MS : application à des cas post-mortem. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Varma NN, Naidu CG, Ramachandra B, Swamy AM. HPLC Bioassay of Elvitegravir using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Solid Phase Extraction in RAT Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Haq I, Alanazi K, Czulak J, Di Masi S, Piletska E, Mujahid A, Hussain T, Piletsky SA, Garcia-Cruz A. Determination of sitagliptin in human plasma using a smart electrochemical sensor based on electroactive molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4276-4285. [PMID: 36132843 PMCID: PMC9419752 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sitagliptin is a hypoglycaemic agent used to reduce blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Real time monitoring of sitagliptin levels is crucial to prevent overdose, which might cause liver, kidney and pancreatic diseases. As an alternative solution, a sitagliptin voltammetric sensor was fabricated using artificial receptors called electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs). The nanoMIP tagged with a redox probe (ferrocene) combines both the recognition and reporting functions. Traditional electrochemical sensors determine the redox activity of an analyte. Thus, they are influenced by interfering molecules and the nature of the sample. These innovative nanoMIPs allow us to easily design and customise sensors, increase their sensitivity and minimise the cross reactivity in biological samples. The present technology replaces the traditional enzyme-mediator pairs used in traditional biosensors. The polymer composition was optimized "in silico" using docking and screening methods. Nanoparticles were synthesized via free radical polymerization and a solid phase method and then characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The specific sitagliptin nanoparticles were covalently immobilized on platinum electrodes via silane and carbodiimide chemistry. The determination of sitagliptin in human plasma by a nanoMIP sensor was assessed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor current response was directly related to the change in nanoMIP conformation triggered by the analyte. The optimisation of the sensor response was made by adjusting (i) the silane concentration, (ii) nanoMIP concentration, and (iii) immobilization time. The sensor measurements in plasma revealed high selectivity and a sensitivity of 32.5 ± 0.6 nA pM-1 towards sitagliptin, and the limit of detection of the fabricated sensor was found to be 0.06 pM. The sensor displayed a satisfactory performance for the determination of sitagliptin in spiked human plasma, demonstrating the potential of this technology for drug monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Kaseb Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester University Rd Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Joanna Czulak
- MIP Diagnostics Ltd Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook Bedford MK44 1LQ UK
| | - Sabrina Di Masi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento Via Monteroni Lecce IT 73100 Italy
| | - Elena Piletska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester University Rd Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Adnan Mujahid
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tajamal Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester University Rd Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester University Rd Leicester LE1 7RH UK
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8
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Erkmen C, Gebrehiwot WH, Uslu B. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC): Latest Applications in the Pharmaceutical Researches. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666200402101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Significant advances have been occurred in analytical research since the 1970s
by Liquid Chromatography (LC) as the separation method. Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
(RPLC) method, using hydrophobic stationary phases and polar mobile phases, is the most commonly
used chromatographic method. However, it is difficult to analyze some polar compounds with this
method. Another separation method is the Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC), which involves
polar stationary phases with organic eluents. NPLC presents low-efficiency separations and
asymmetric chromatographic peak shapes when analyzing polar compounds. Hydrophilic Interaction
Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) is an interesting and promising alternative method for the analysis of
polar compounds. HILIC is defined as a separation method that combines stationary phases used in the
NPLC method and mobile phases used in the RPLC method. HILIC can be successfully applied to all
types of liquid chromatographic separations such as pharmaceutical compounds, small molecules, metabolites,
drugs of abuse, carbohydrates, toxins, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino acids and proteins.
Objective:
This paper provides a general overview of the recent application of HILIC in the pharmaceutical
research in the different sample matrices such as pharmaceutical dosage form, plasma, serum,
environmental samples, animal origin samples, plant origin samples, etc. Also, this review focuses on
the most recent and selected papers in the drug research from 2009 to the submission date in 2020,
dealing with the analysis of different components using HILIC.
Results and Conclusion:
The literature survey showed that HILIC applications are increasing every
year in pharmaceutical research. It was found that HILIC allows simultaneous analysis of many compounds
using different detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Erkmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara,Turkey
| | | | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara,Turkey
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9
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Loh GOK, Wong EYL, Tan YTF, Lee YL, Pang LH, Chin MC, Damenthi N, Peh KK. Simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for determination of sitagliptin in human plasma and application to bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Li YS, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Sensitive detection of quinoline-derivatized sitagliptin in small volumes of human plasma by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 218:121143. [PMID: 32797900 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are incretin-based medications used as oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, DPP-4 inhibitors produce side effects like acute pancreatitis, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, urinary tract infection, serious allergies, cardiovascular diseases, hemolysis, and retinopathy. Hence, the development of a fast and simple method to detect DPP-4 inhibitors in body fluids is important. In this study, we developed a derivatization-assisted microextraction method to enhance the detection sensitivity for trace levels of a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, from a small volume (10 μL) of human plasma by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Subjecting the analyte to 100 W microwave irradiation after derivatization using a quinoline alkylating reagent (8-bromomethyl quinilone, BrMQ) shortened the reaction time to ~120 s and allowed the target analyte to be easily extracted to a small volume of the organic layer (20 μL). The analyte was then detected by MALDI-TOF MS using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as the matrix. The relative standard deviation and relative error were below 10% in intra- and inter-day assays. Using sitagliptin-d4 as an internal standard, the limits of quantitation and detection were found to be 0.03 μg/mL and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. All the derivatization and extraction procedures described herein were of microliter grade. This method could effectively reduce the use of organic chemicals and solvents, thereby proving to be an eco-friendly strategy that will cause no harm to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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11
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Rao TS, Sridevi M, Naidu CG, Nagaraju B. Ionic liquid-based vortex-assisted DLLME followed by RP-LC-PDA method for bioassay of daclatasvir in rat serum: application to pharmacokinetics. J Anal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-019-0179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Han X, Wang J, Huang J, Peng L. A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Pharmacokinetic Study of Janumet (Sitagliptin and Metformin) Tablets by LC-MS/MS Coupled with Ion-Pair Solid Phase Extraction. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666181011141714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
As first-line treatments for diabetes, sitagliptin and metformin have been
widely prescribed as a combination to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Objective:
To establish a methodology to simultaneously monitor the two drugs in vivo by a reversedphase
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method.
Methods:
The two drugs were extracted from 50 μl human plasma by ion-pair solid phase extraction.
The separation of the plasma samples was implemented on an Agilent Zorbax SB-CN column (150×4.6
mm, 5.0 µm). The mobile phase was the mixture (80:20, v/v) of methanol and 5.0 mM ammonium formate
in water (pH 4.5). An ion trap spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was
utilized to detect the elution in positive mode. Quantification of the analytes was achieved by Multiple
Reaction Monitoring (MRM) using the transitions of m/z 408.3→235.1 for sitagliptin and m/z 130.1→
60.2 for metformin.
Results:
Sitagliptin and metformin demonstrated good linearity among the range of 1.00-1000 ng/mL
and 5.00-4000 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day investigations displayed precisions of ≤ 3.6% and an
accuracy range of -7.5% to 6.0% for the two drugs. The mean recovery of the two drugs was 96.0% and
98.5%. Under mandatory storage conditions, both the drugs gave an acceptable stability. The throughput
of the assay was found to be more than 100 plasma samples per day ascribed to the run time of 3.0
min for each sample.
Conclusion:
The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study for a fixeddose
tablet formulation containing 50 mg sitagliptin and 500 mg metformin in 12 healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
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Fediuk DJ, Matschke K, Liang Y, Pelletier KB, Wei H, Shi H, Bass A, Hickman A, Terra SG, Zhou S, Krishna R, Sahasrabudhe V. Bioequivalence of Ertugliflozin/Sitagliptin Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets and Coadministration of Respective Strengths of Individual Components. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2019; 8:884-894. [PMID: 31219248 PMCID: PMC6851892 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of ertugliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, was developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four studies were conducted under fasted conditions to demonstrate bioequivalence of ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC tablets and individual components at respective strengths when coadministered in healthy subjects. All studies had open-label, randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence, single-dose crossover designs. In each study 18 or 19 subjects were enrolled and received an ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC tablet (5 mg/50 mg, 5 mg/100 mg, 15 mg/50 mg, or 15 mg/100 mg) and corresponding strengths of ertugliflozin and sitagliptin coadministered as individual components. For both ertugliflozin and sitagliptin, the 90%CIs for the ratio (FDC:coadministration) of geometric means for area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time, and maximum observed plasma concentration, were within acceptance criteria for bioequivalence (80% to 125%). All adverse events were mild in intensity. The 4 studies demonstrated that each strength of FDC tablet is bioequivalent to the respective dose of coadministered individual components. This indicates that the known efficacy and tolerability of ertugliflozin and sitagliptin when coadministered can be translated to the use of a FDC formulation.
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Scherf-Clavel O, Kinzig M, Stoffel MS, Fuhr U, Sörgel F. A HILIC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of metformin and sitagliptin in human plasma and urine: A tool for studying drug transporter perturbation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112754. [PMID: 31336285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of a HILIC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of metformin and sitagliptin from human plasma and urine. The presented method uses quick sample preparation and fast chromatography allowing for high sample throughput. The quantification is performed using multi-reaction monitoring and ESI positive mode with stable isotope labelled internal standards for both metformin and sitagliptin. Excellent linearity in the selected calibrations ranges, low inter-day variability (CV% <6.7%), and high accuracy (95.5-104.1%) were obtained. Adequate retention was attained for both analytes by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography using a plain silica column in combination with a mobile phase composed of ammonium formate, acetonitrile, formic acid and water in gradient separation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- IMBP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 19, D-90562, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Martina Kinzig
- IMBP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 19, D-90562, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Marc S Stoffel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, Department I of Pharmacology, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Fuhr
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Pharmacology, Department I of Pharmacology, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- IMBP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 19, D-90562, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pharmacology, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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15
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Fraser IP, Neufeld ND, Fox LA, Kipnes MS, Miller TL, Zeitler PS, Rodriguez H, Gilmartin JH, Lee SJ, Patterson JK, Li XS, Maganti L, Luo WL, Tatosian DA, Stoch SA. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of sitagliptin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:48-56. [PMID: 30346099 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of sitagliptin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). STUDY DESIGN This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind evaluation of sitagliptin in 35 patients 10 to 17 years old with T2DM at 7 clinical research sites. The safety, tolerability, PK, and PD (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibition and aspects of glucose metabolism) of single doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg were assessed. Appropriate transformations on the PK parameters were used and back-transformed summary statistics are reported. RESULTS Adverse experiences were reported by eight study participants; all were of mild intensity except one (intravenous site pain of moderate intensity). PK characteristics in the young patients were comparable to reference adult data, with geometric mean ratios (youths/adults) for AUC0-∞ , Cmax , and C24hr of 0.82, 1.04, and 0.74, respectively. Single doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg sitagliptin inhibited 67.2%, 73.8%, and 81.2% of plasma DPP-4 activity over 24 hours, respectively. Least squares (LS) mean glucose concentrations 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test or a meal tolerance test decreased in study participants treated with sitagliptin, compared to placebo, while active LS mean glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations increased significantly at all sitagliptin doses in both tests. CONCLUSIONS Single doses of sitagliptin as high as 200 mg were generally well tolerated in 10- to 17-year-old male and female study participants with T2DM, and a daily sitagliptin dose of 100 mg is appropriate for evaluation in Phase III safety and efficacy studies in pediatric patients with T2DM. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00730275).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain P Fraser
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - Larry A Fox
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Mark S Kipnes
- Diabetes and Glandular Disease Clinic, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tracie L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Philip S Zeitler
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Pediatric Diabetes Clinical Program, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jocelyn H Gilmartin
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Susan J Lee
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Jaclyn K Patterson
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Xiujiang S Li
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Lata Maganti
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Wen-Lin Luo
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Daniel A Tatosian
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - S Aubrey Stoch
- Departments of Clinical Research, Pharmacokinetics and Biostatistics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Hydrophilicity nano-titania coating modified magnetic graphene oxide for pass-through cleanup of fipronil and its metabolites in human blood. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1553:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Lovshin JA, Rajasekeran H, Lytvyn Y, Lovblom LE, Khan S, Alemu R, Locke A, Lai V, He H, Hittle L, Wang W, Drucker DJ, Cherney DZI. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Stimulates Distal Tubular Natriuresis and Increases in Circulating SDF-1α 1-67 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1073-1081. [PMID: 28550195 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antihyperglycemic agents, such as empagliflozin, stimulate proximal tubular natriuresis and improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used in combination with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, we examined whether and how sitagliptin modulates fractional sodium excretion and renal and systemic hemodynamic function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 32 patients with type 2 diabetes in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Measurements of renal tubular function and renal and systemic hemodynamics were obtained at baseline, then hourly after one dose of sitagliptin or placebo, and repeated at 1 month. Fractional excretion of sodium and lithium and renal hemodynamic function were measured during clamped euglycemia. Systemic hemodynamics were measured using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring, and plasma levels of intact versus cleaved stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α were quantified using immunoaffinity and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sitagliptin did not change fractional lithium excretion but significantly increased total fractional sodium excretion (1.32 ± 0.5 to 1.80 ± 0.01% vs. 2.15 ± 0.6 vs. 2.02 ± 1.0%, P = 0.012) compared with placebo after 1 month of treatment. Moreover, sitagliptin robustly increased intact plasma SDF-1α1-67 and decreased truncated plasma SDF-1α3-67. Renal hemodynamic function, systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were not adversely affected by sitagliptin. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 inhibition promotes a distal tubular natriuresis in conjunction with increased levels of intact SDF-1α1-67. Because of the distal location of the natriuretic effect, DPP-4 inhibition does not affect tubuloglomerular feedback or impair renal hemodynamic function, findings relevant to using DPP-4 inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Lovshin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harindra Rajasekeran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulyia Lytvyn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leif E Lovblom
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shajiha Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robel Alemu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Locke
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vesta Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaibing He
- Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | - Lucinda Hittle
- Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | - Weixun Wang
- Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Development and Validation of LC–MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Metformin and Four Gliptins in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shah PA, Shah JV, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. LC-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of metformin and sitagliptin in human plasma after ion-pair solid phase extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:64-70. [PMID: 27526402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of two oral hypoglycemic drugs metformin (MET) and sitagliptin (STG) in human plasma. The analytes were extracted from 50μL human plasma by ion-pair solid phase extraction using sodium lauryl sulphate on Phenomenex Strata-X (30mg/1mL) cartridges. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on XSelect HSS CN (150×4.6mm, 5μm) column using mobile phase consisting of methanol-8.0mM ammonium formate in water, pH 4.5 (80:20, v/v) under isocratic condition. Tandem MS detection was performed on a triple quadrupole spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source, operated in the positive mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantify the analytes following transitions, m/z 130.1→60.1 and m/z 408.3→235.1 for MET and STG respectively. The method displayed acceptable linearity in the concentration range of 4.00-3200ng/mL for MET and 1.00-800ng/mL for STG. The intra-batch and inter-batch precisions were ≤5.1% and accuracy ranged from 96.5 to 103.3% for both the drugs. The mean recovery of MET and STG obtained from spiked plasma samples was 82.5% and 90.4% respectively with minimal matrix interference. Both the drugs were found to be stable under all mandatory storage conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study for a fixed-dose tablet formulation containing 500mg MET and 50mg STG in 16 healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380009, India
| | - Jaivik V Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380009, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad- 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380009, India.
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Suresh PS, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. A concise review of the bioanalytical methods for the quantitation of sitagliptin, an important dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, utilized for the characterization of the drug. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:749-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys; 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeswanthpur Bangalore 560 022 India
| | | | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Jubilant Biosys; 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeswanthpur Bangalore 560 022 India
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21
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Recent advances in the application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2927-45. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is being increasingly used for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds in biological matrices. The complexity of biological samples demands adequate sample preparation procedures, specifically adjusted for HILIC analyses. Currently, most bioanalytical assays are performed on bare silica and ZIC-HILIC columns. Trends in HILIC for bioanalysis include smaller particle sizes and miniaturization of the analytical column. For complex biological samples, multidimensional techniques can separate and identify more compounds than 1D separations. The high volatility of the mobile phase, the added separation power and high sensitivity make MS the detection method of choice for bioanalysis using HILIC, although other detectors such as evaporative light scattering detection, charged aerosol detection and nuclear magnetic resonance have been reported.
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22
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Bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol determination in serum by Hybrid Solid Phase Extraction–Precipitation Technology technique tailored to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 986-987:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lotfy HM, Mohamed D, Mowaka S. A comparative study of smart spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride in their binary mixture. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:441-51. [PMID: 25978011 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the oral antidiabetic drugs; sitagliptin phosphate (STG) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) in combined pharmaceutical formulations. Three methods were manipulating ratio spectra namely; ratio difference (RD), ratio subtraction (RS) and a novel approach of induced amplitude modulation (IAM) methods. The first two methods were used for determination of STG, while MET was directly determined by measuring its absorbance at λmax 232 nm. However, (IAM) was used for the simultaneous determination of both drugs. Moreover, another three methods were developed based on derivative spectroscopy followed by mathematical manipulation steps namely; amplitude factor (P-factor), amplitude subtraction (AS) and modified amplitude subtraction (MAS). In addition, in this work the novel sample enrichment technique named spectrum addition was adopted. The proposed spectrophotometric methods did not require any preliminary separation step. The accuracy, precision and linearity ranges of the proposed methods were determined. The selectivity of the developed methods was investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the drugs and their combined pharmaceutical formulations. Standard deviation values were less than 1.5 in the assay of raw materials and tablets. The obtained results were statistically compared to that of a reported spectrophotometric method. The statistical comparison showed that there was no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported one regarding both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 11787 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, 11837 El-Sherouk City, Egypt.
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Ramesh B, Manjula N, Bijargi SR, Sarma VUM, Devi PS. Comparison of conventional and supported liquid extraction methods for the determination of sitagliptin and simvastatin in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:161-168. [PMID: 29403928 PMCID: PMC5762204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three extraction methods were compared for their efficiency to analyze sitagliptin and simvastatin in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS, including (1) liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), (2) solid phase extraction (SPE) and (3) supported liquid extraction (SLE). Comparison of recoveries of analytes with different extraction methods revealed that SLE was the best extraction method. The detection was facilitated with ion trap-mass spectrometer by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in a positive ion mode with ESI. The transitions monitored were m/z 441.1→325.2 for simvastatin, 408.2→235.1 for sitagliptin and 278.1→260.1 for the IS. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.2 ng/mL for sitagliptin and 0.1 ng/mL for simvastatin. The effective SLE offers enhanced chromatographic selectivity, thus facilitating the potential utility of the method for routine analysis of biological samples along with pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramesh
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - N Manjula
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - S R Bijargi
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - V U M Sarma
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - P Sita Devi
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
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Current advances and strategies towards fully automated sample preparation for regulated LC–MS/MS bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2441-59. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Robotic liquid handlers (RLHs) have been widely used in automated sample preparation for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) bioanalysis. Automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis offers significantly higher assay efficiency, better data quality and potential bioanalytical cost-savings. For RLHs that are used for regulated bioanalysis, there are additional requirements, including 21 CFR Part 11 compliance, software validation, system qualification, calibration verification and proper maintenance. This article reviews recent advances in automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis in the last 5 years. Specifically, it covers the following aspects: regulated bioanalysis requirements, recent advances in automation hardware and software development, sample extraction workflow simplification, strategies towards fully automated sample extraction, and best practices in automated sample preparation for regulated bioanalysis.
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Vath M, Gallagher L, Shou W, Weller H, Elkin L, Zhang J. Development of an LC–MS/MS method for high throughput quantification of metformin uptake in transporter inhibition assays. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Asakawa Y, Yamamoto E, Asakawa N. Selective retention of basic compounds by metal aquo-ion affinity chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2641-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Asakawa
- Analysis Group, Tsukuba Division; Sunplanet Co., Ltd., Tokodai; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Eiichi Yamamoto
- Global Formulation Japan, Pharmaceutical Scientific and Technology Core Function Unit, Eisai Product Creation Systems; Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokodai; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Naoki Asakawa
- Pharmaceutical Scientific and Technology Core Function Unit, Eisai Product Creation Systems; Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokodai; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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Tatosian DA, Guo Y, Schaeffer AK, Gaibu N, Popa S, Stoch A, Langdon RB, Kauh EA. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin. Diabetes Ther 2013; 4:431-42. [PMID: 24163113 PMCID: PMC3889317 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-013-0045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using a crossover design, the present study compared trough levels of DPP-4 inhibition provided by these agents in a single cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, five-period crossover study. Eligible patients were 18-65 years of age, either treatment-naïve or off prior antihyperglycemic agent therapy for at least 6 or 12 weeks (depending on the prior therapy), and had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) ≥6.5% and ≤10.0%. In separate study periods, patients received 5 mg saxagliptin q.d. (saxa-5), 100 mg sitagliptin q.d. (sita-100), 50 mg vildagliptin q.d. (vilda-50-q.d.), 50 mg vildagliptin b.i.d. (vilda-50-b.i.d.), or placebo for 5 days. The primary endpoint was trough %DPP-4 inhibition, derived by comparing DPP-4 activity 24 h after the Day-5 morning dose with predose activity in the same period and analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed-effects terms for treatment and period. RESULTS Mean (range) baseline HbA1C was 7.4% (6.4-9.0%; N = 22). Least-squares (LS) mean trough %DPP-4 inhibition was 73.5%, 91.7%, 28.9%, 90.6%, and 3.5% after saxa-5, sita-100, vilda-50-q.d., vilda-50-b.i.d., and placebo, respectively. In patients treated with sita-100, the LS-mean difference in trough %DPP-4 inhibition was 18.2% greater than with saxa-5 (p < 0.001), 62.9% greater than with vilda-50-q.d. (p < 0.001), 1.1% greater than with vilda-50-b.i.d. (p = 0.128), and 87.8% greater than with placebo (p < 0.001). Mean %DPP-4 inhibition was nearly maximal at 12 h postdose regardless of active treatment. Thus, these between-group comparisons at trough primarily reflected differences in duration of action. Adverse events reported during the study were transient and mild or moderate in intensity. CONCLUSION Once daily treatment with sitagliptin provided trough DPP-4 inhibition significantly greater than saxagliptin or vildagliptin administered once daily, and similar to that provided by vildagliptin administered twice daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Tatosian
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
| | - Andrea K. Schaeffer
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
| | - Natalia Gaibu
- ARENSIA Exploratory Medicine, Republican Clinical Hospital, N. Testemitanu str, nr 29, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Serghei Popa
- ARENSIA Exploratory Medicine, Republican Clinical Hospital, N. Testemitanu str, nr 29, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Aubrey Stoch
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
| | - Ronald B. Langdon
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
| | - Eunkyung A. Kauh
- Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive, P.O. Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100 USA
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Simultaneous analysis of eight phenolic environmental estrogens in blood using dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction combined with ultra fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 115:787-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Analysis of six phenolic environmental estrogens in bullfrog blood by using dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2012.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nageswara Rao R, Sravan B, Ramakrishna K, Saida S, Padiya R. Precolumn o
-Phthalaldehyde-N
-acetyl-L-cysteine Derivatization Followed by RP-HPLC Separation and Fluorescence Detection of Sitagliptin Enantiomers in Rat Plasma. Chirality 2013; 25:883-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - B. Sravan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - K. Ramakrishna
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Shaik Saida
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Raju Padiya
- Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
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Solid-phase extraction based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with acetone as eluent for eliminating matrix effects in the analysis of biological fluids by LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:401-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Development of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of sitagliptin in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 74:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Paula e Mancilha T, de Paula CER, Cassella RJ, Pacheco WF. Direct determination of sitagliptin in pharmaceutical formulations and its determination in urine after solid-phase extraction by spectrofluorimetry. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:873-8. [PMID: 23161828 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence characteristics of sitagliptin phosphate were used to develop a methodology that allowed its determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples; under the studied conditions, limits of determination and quantification of 0.25 and, respectively, 0.85 mg/L were achieved. Linear correlation between fluorescence analytical signal and sitagliptin concentration was achieved up to 10.0 mg/L. The method was considered selective for sitagliptin determination in pharmaceutical formulations because no interferences due to excipients present in considered matrix were observed (as demonstrated by recovery tests comparing analytical and addition curves). When the method was applied to urine samples, Interferences related to the matrix were observed, which made a solid-phase extraction system necessary. The use of calibration was possible only by applying the standard addition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiza de Paula e Mancilha
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
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Dziadosz M, Wagner MC, Lipka DB, Fischer T, Bartels H. HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION AND PROTEIN PRECIPITATION AS A WAY OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF NILOTINIB WITH AND WITHOUT INTERNAL STANDARD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.636469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Dziadosz
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Wagner
- b Department of Hematology/Oncology , Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Daniel B. Lipka
- b Department of Hematology/Oncology , Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- b Department of Hematology/Oncology , Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Heidemarie Bartels
- a Institute of Forensic Medicine , Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg , Germany
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Salim M, El-Enany N, Belal F, Walash M, Patonay G. Simultaneous determination of sitagliptin and metformin in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis and its application to human plasma analysis. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2012; 7:31-46. [PMID: 22904611 PMCID: PMC3418147 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s9940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel, quick, reliable and simple capillary zone electrophoresis CZE method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sitagliptin (SG) and metformin (MF) in pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out in fused silica capillary (50.0 cm total length and 43.0 cm effective length, 49 μm i.d.) by applying a potential of 15 KV (positive polarity) and a running buffer containing 60 mM phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 with UV detection at 203 nm. The samples were injected hydrodynamically for 3 s at 0.5 psi and the temperature of the capillary cartridge was kept at 25 °C. Phenformin was used as internal standard (IS). The method was suitably validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 10–100 μg/mL and 50–500 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.49, 2.11 μg/mL and limits of quantification of 1.48, 6.39 μg/mL for SG and MF, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their synthetic mixtures and co-formulated tablets without interfering peaks due to the excipients present in the pharmaceutical tablets. The method was further extended to the in-vitro determination of the two drugs in spiked human plasma. The estimated amounts of SG/MF were almost identical with the certified values, and their percentage relative standard deviation values (% R.S.D.) were found to be ≤1.50% (n = 3). The results were compared to a reference method reported in the literature and no significant difference was found statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, PO Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
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Nageswara Rao R, Mastan Vali R, Vara Prasada Rao A. Determination of rifaximin in rat serum by ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with RP-HPLC. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1945-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramisetti Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division, D-215, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Rajavarapu Mastan Vali
- Analytical Chemistry Division, D-215, Discovery Laboratory; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
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Simultaneous determination of sitagliptin and simvastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:80-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Furukawa S, Kumagi T, Miyake T, Ueda T, Niiya T, Nishino K, Murakami S, Murakami M, Matsuura B, Onji M. Suicide attempt by an overdose of sitagliptin, an oral hypoglycemic agent: a case report and a review of the literature. Endocr J 2012; 59:329-33. [PMID: 22277726 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a newer class of oral hypoglycemic agents for the management of diabetes that elevate the plasma concentration of active glucagon-like peptide-1 via inhibition of DPP-4. They effectively lower not only glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but also fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. Patients with diabetes occasionally consume an overdose of oral hypoglycemic agents in suicide attempts: the prevalence of depression is high in patients with diabetes, and depression is a strong risk factor for suicide. We encountered an 86-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and depression, who was transferred to the emergency room 4h after ingestion of 1,700 mg of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (1,700 mg is 17 times greater than the approved maximum dose). Upon arrival, she was fully conscious, plasma glucose was 124 mg/dL, and serum immunoreactive insulin level was 5.81 µU/mL. Thereafter, the plasma concentration of sitagliptin rose to 3,793 nM, which is 4.5 times higher than the value found under regular treatment with the maximum dose. The patient did not suffer from hypoglycemia, suggesting that a single oral overdose of sitagliptin is unlikely to cause hypoglycemia. A literature review of oral anti-diabetic agents revealed that overdose of biguanides is occasionally fatal when immediate intensive care is not provided. In summary, sitagliptin is a good treatment option for diabetic elderly patients or patients with psychiatric disorders who are suicidal and do not require insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
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Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Tak V, Purohit AK, Dubey D. Selective enrichment of the degradation products of organophosphorus nerve agents by zirconia based solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6612-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sohajda T, Hu WH, Zeng LL, Li H, Szente L, Noszál B, Béni S. Evaluation of the interaction between sitagliptin and cyclodextrin derivatives by capillary electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2648-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rao RN, Maurya PK, Khalid S. Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction followed by liquid chromatographic determination of sitagliptin in rat plasma and urine. Talanta 2011; 85:950-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Ida M, LaFayette A, Fast DM. Determination of carboplatin in human plasma using HybridSPE-precipitation along with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kole PL, Venkatesh G, Kotecha J, Sheshala R. Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:199-217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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