1
|
Dowd S, Sharo C, Abdulmalik O, Elmer J. Optimizing the lyophilization of Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:291-299. [PMID: 38733371 PMCID: PMC11218865 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2352003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death worldwide. Blood transfusions can be used to treat patients suffering severe blood loss but donated red blood cells (RBCs) have several limitations that limit their availability and use. To solve the problems associated with donated RBCs, several acellular haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed to restore the most important function of blood: oxygen transport. One promising HBOC is the naturally extracellular haemoglobin (i.e. erythrocruorin) of Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc). The goal of this study was to maximise the portability of LtEc by lyophilising it and then testing its stability at elevated temperatures. To prevent oxidation, several cryoprotectants were screened to determine the optimum formulation for lyophilisation that could minimise oxidation of the haem iron and maximise recovery. Furthermore, samples were also deoxygenated prior to storage to decrease auto-oxidation, while resuspension in a solution containing ascorbic acid was shown to partially reduce LtEc that had oxidised during storage (e.g. from 42% Fe3+ to 11% Fe3+). Analysis of the oxygen equilibria and size of the resuspended LtEc showed that the lyophilisation, storage, and resuspension processes did not affect the oxygen transport properties or the structure of the LtEc, even after 6 months of storage at 40 °C. Altogether, these efforts have yielded a shelf-stable LtEc powder that can be stored for long periods at high temperatures, but future animal studies will be necessary to prove that the resuspended product is a safe and effective oxygen transporter in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Dowd
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Sharo
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Elmer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Han J, Zhang S, Liu K, Fan X, Bai C, Chen G. Self-polymerization silica nanoparticles based molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition of protein. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465260. [PMID: 39142168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are promising for precise protein separation and purification. However, challenges persist due to their large size, variable configuration, and instability during preparation. Here, a simple silicon self-assembly program was designed to synthesize MIPs without any organic reagents and acid-base catalysis, avoiding the structural damage of protein under severe conditions. In this method, employing hemoglobin (Hb) as a model protein, with tween-20 in emulsification, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the cross-linking agent, along with co-functional monomers 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and benzyl(triethoxy)silane (BnTES), enhanced binding efficacy was achieved. Successful imprinting was evidenced through surface morphology observation and physical/chemical property evaluations of the synthesized MIPs. A series of adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the recognition performance of Hb-MIPs. The Hb-MIPs not only exhibited large adsorption capacity (400 μg/mg) and good imprinting factor (6.09) toward template protein, but also showed satisfactory selectivity for reference proteins. Five cycles of adsorption proved that the Hb-MIPs had good reusability. In addition, the successful isolation of HB from bovine blood indicated that Hb-MIPs were an excellent separation and purification material. The mild preparation conditions and good adsorption capacity demonstrated the potential value of this method in separation and purification research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jili Han
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Keshuai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Changcai Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Guoning Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wan Y, Wei Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Xu L, Gu C, Yu Z, Yin J, Zhang Q, Deng W. A novel role of acellular hemoglobin in hemolytic thrombosis. Thromb Res 2023; 228:33-41. [PMID: 37267672 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemolytic thrombosis has been associated with acellular hemoglobin released from damaged red blood cells during hemolysis. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying acellular hemoglobin-induced thrombosis remains arguable. In this study, we examined the interaction between hemoglobin and the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF), which is a critical mediator of platelet activation. METHODS Previous studies have suggested that the interaction between hemoglobin and the A1 domain of VWF enhances VWF's hemostatic activity. We employed a multidisciplinary investigation to re-examine this interaction, and identified significant differences in binding affinity between the active and inactive forms of A1. RESULTS We found that hemoglobin binds more strongly to the active A1 than the inactive form. Using hydrogen‑deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we identified the specific residues involved in this interaction, which are located on the α1-β2 and β3-α2 loops that are typically covered by the "autoinhibitory module" in the inactive A1. This observation provides a structural explanation for the differential binding affinity between the active and inactive forms of A1. We demonstrated that the binding of hemoglobin to A1 blocks the interaction between GPIbα and VWF, and inhibits VWF-mediated thrombosis in vivo. Furthermore, we found that administration of hemoglobin led to similar levels of thrombocytopenia and microthrombosis in both wildtype and VWF-deficient mice, indicating that the mechanism underlying acellular hemoglobin-induced thrombosis is VWF-independent. CONCLUSIONS These findings challenge the previous theory that hemoglobin-induced thrombosis occurs solely through binding with VWF, and provide evidence supporting a novel role for hemoglobin in hemolytic thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaxuan Wei
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Canhe Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linru Xu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziqiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang M, Dong Q, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Shape-Memorable Imprint Cavities for Efficient Separation of Hemoglobin from Blood. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1233-1243. [PMID: 36811910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient separation and purification of hemoglobin from blood and other complicated biological fluids still remains a big challenge. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of hemoglobin are potential choices; however, they suffer from severe problems including difficult template removal and low imprinting efficiency like other protein-imprinted polymers. Herein, a novel MIP of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) was designed in which a peptide crosslinker (PC), instead of the commonly used crosslinkers, was used. The PC, a random copolymer of lysine and alanine, adopts an α-helical conformation at pH 10 but transits to a random coil conformation at pH 5. The introduction of alanine residues lowers the pH range at which the PC undergoes helix-coil transition. The imprint cavities in the polymers are shape-memorable due to the reversible and precise helix-coil transition of the peptide segments in the polymers. They can be enlarged by lowering pH from 10 to 5, thus allowing complete removal of the template protein under mild conditions. When the pH is adjusted back to 10, their original size and shape will be recovered. Therefore, the MIP binds the template protein BHb with high affinity. Compared with the MIP crosslinked with the commonly used crosslinker, the imprinting efficiency of the PC-crosslinked MIP is significantly improved. In addition, both the maximum adsorption capacity (641.9 mg/g) and imprinting factor (7.2) are much higher than the BHb MIPs reported previously. The new BHb MIP also exhibits high selectivity toward BHb and good reusability. Thanks to the high adsorption capacity and high selectivity of the MIP, when it was applied to extract BHb from bovine blood, BHb in the blood sample was extracted almost completely, and high purity product was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiujing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Afzal A, Beavers WN, Skaar EP, Calhoun MC, Richardson KA, Landstreet SR, Cliffel DE, Wright D, Bastarache JA, Ware LB. Ultraviolet light oxidation of fresh hemoglobin eliminates aggregate formation seen in commercially sourced hemoglobin. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 98:102699. [PMID: 36027791 PMCID: PMC10024311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) are an integral feature of several clinical conditions including sickle cell anemia, sepsis, hemodialysis and cardiopulmonary bypass. Oxidized (Fe3+, ferric) hemoglobin contributes to the pathophysiology of these disease states and is therefore widely studied in experimental models, many of which use commercially sourced CFH. In this study, we treated human endothelial cells with commercially sourced ferric hemoglobin and observed the appearance of dense cytoplasmic aggregates (CAgg) over time. These CAgg were intensely autofluorescent, altered intracellular structures (such as mitochondria), formed in multiple cell types and with different media composition, and formed regardless of the presence or absence of cells. An in-depth chemical analysis of these CAgg revealed that they contain inorganic components and are not pure hemoglobin. To oxidize freshly isolated hemoglobin without addition of an oxidizing agent, we developed a novel method to convert ferrous CFH to ferric CFH using ultraviolet light without the need for additional redox agents. Unlike commercial ferric hemoglobin, treatment of cells with the fresh ferric hemoglobin did not lead to CAgg formation. These studies suggest that commercially sourced CFH may contain stabilizers and additives which contribute to CAgg formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Afzal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisina State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Stuart R Landstreet
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu X, Savla C, Palmer AF. Tangential flow filtration facilitated fractionation and PEGylation of low and high-molecular weight polymerized hemoglobins and their biophysical properties. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:176-186. [PMID: 34672363 PMCID: PMC8643326 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Various types of hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed as red blood cell substitutes for treating blood loss when blood is not available. Among those HBOCs, glutaraldehyde polymerized Hbs have attracted significant attention due to their facile synthetic route, and ability to expand the blood volume and deliver oxygen. Hemopure®, Oxyglobin®, and PolyHeme® are the most well-known commercially developed glutaraldehyde polymerized Hbs. Unfortunately, only Oxyglobin® was approved by the FDA for veterinary use in the United States, while Hemopure® and PolyHeme® failed phase III clinical trials due to their ability to extravasate from the blood volume into the tissue space which facilitated nitric oxide scavenging and tissue deposition of iron, which elicited vasoconstriction, hypertension and oxidative tissue injury. Fortunately, conjugation of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the surface of Hb is capable of reducing the vasoactivity of Hb by creating a hydration layer surrounding the Hb molecule, which increases its hydrodynamic diameter and reduces tissue extravasation. Several commercial PEGylated Hbs (MP4®, Sanguinate®, Euro-PEG-Hb) have been developed for clinical use with a longer circulatory half-life and improved safety compared to Hb. However, all of these commercial products exhibited relatively high oxygen affinity compared to Hb, which limited their clinical use. To dually address the limitations of prior generations of polymerized and PEGylated Hbs, this current study describes the PEGylation of polymerized bovine Hb (PEG-PolybHb) in both the tense (T) and relaxed (R) quaternary state via thiol-maleimide chemistry to produce an HBOC with low or high oxygen affinity. The biophysical properties of PEG-PolybHb were measured and compared with those of commercial polymerized and PEGylated HBOCs. T-state PEG-PolybHb possessed higher hydrodynamic volume and P50 than previous generations of commercial PEGylated Hbs. Both T- and R-state PEG-PolybHb exhibited significantly lower haptoglobin binding rates than the precursor PolybHb, indicating potentially reduced clearance by CD163 + monocytes and macrophages. Thus, T-state PEG-PolybHb is expected to function as a promising HBOC due to its low oxygen affinity and enhanced stealth properties afforded by the PEG hydration shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Chintan Savla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adaptive perfusion: An in vitro release test (IVRT) for complex drug products. J Control Release 2021; 333:65-75. [PMID: 33766693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, adaptive perfusion, a pressure-driven separation method based on the principle of tangential flow filtration (TFF) was developed for investigating the rate and extent of drug release from drug products containing particulates, such as emulsions, suspensions, liposomes, drug-protein complexes. The TFF filters were pre-conditioned with unique conditioning solutions and processes to improve the fiber reproducibility and robustness. The adaptive perfusion method achieved size-based separation of the particulates with simultaneous analysis of the released drug as well as remaining drug. By contrast to conventional dialysis methods, the adaptive perfusion method can be used to measure the rate and extent of the drug release from drug solution, drug loaded micelles and nanoemulsions via adjustment of the filter molecular weight cutoff, feed flow rate or back-pressure. Notably, the adaptive perfusion method provided discriminatory drug release profiles for drug in solution, in micelles, and in small, medium, and large globule size nanoemulsions. The drug release profile obtained using adaptive perfusion method was found significantly faster (e.g., minutes rather than hours) and higher (e.g., >60%) than the release obtained using dialysis method. The IVRT method presented here is free from the constraints of rate-limiting factors, such as diffusion through dialysis membrane, and has potential to be extended further to examine the impact of manufacturing process on drug distribution and release characteristics of other challenging complex drug products.
Collapse
|
8
|
Olonisakin TF, Suber T, Gonzalez-Ferrer S, Xiong Z, Peñaloza HF, van der Geest R, Xiong Y, Osei-Hwedieh DO, Tejero J, Rosengart MR, Mars WM, Van Tyne D, Perlegas A, Brashears S, Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT, Bachman MA, Hod EA, St. Croix C, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Mallampalli RK, Ray A, Ray P, Lee JS. Stressed erythrophagocytosis induces immunosuppression during sepsis through heme-mediated STAT1 dysregulation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137468. [PMID: 32941182 PMCID: PMC7773401 DOI: 10.1172/jci137468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are main effectors of heme metabolism, increasing transiently in the liver during heightened disposal of damaged or senescent RBCs (sRBCs). Macrophages are also essential in defense against microbial threats, but pathological states of heme excess may be immunosuppressive. Herein, we uncovered a mechanism whereby an acute rise in sRBC disposal by macrophages led to an immunosuppressive phenotype after intrapulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection characterized by increased extrapulmonary bacterial proliferation and reduced survival from sepsis in mice. The impaired immunity to K. pneumoniae during heightened sRBC disposal was independent of iron acquisition by bacterial siderophores, in that K. pneumoniae mutants lacking siderophore function recapitulated the findings observed with the WT strain. Rather, sRBC disposal induced a liver transcriptomic profile notable for suppression of Stat1 and IFN-related responses during K. pneumoniae sepsis. Excess heme handling by macrophages recapitulated STAT1 suppression during infection that required synergistic NRF1 and NRF2 activation but was independent of heme oxygenase-1 induction. Whereas iron was dispensable, the porphyrin moiety of heme was sufficient to mediate suppression of STAT1-dependent responses in human and mouse macrophages and promoted liver dissemination of K. pneumoniae in vivo. Thus, cellular heme metabolism dysfunction negatively regulated the STAT1 pathway, with implications in severe infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tolani F. Olonisakin
- Medical Scientist Training Program,,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Tomeka Suber
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Shekina Gonzalez-Ferrer
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yuting Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jesús Tejero
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | | | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andreas Perlegas
- Department of Physics and The Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Brashears
- Department of Physics and The Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics and The Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Michael A. Bachman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and,Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and,Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Prabir Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence,,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Vascular Medicine Institute
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu X, Bolden-Rush C, Cuddington CT, Belcher DA, Savla C, Pires IS, Palmer AF. Comprehensive characterization of tense and relaxed quaternary state glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine hemoglobin as a function of cross-link density. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2362-2376. [PMID: 32472694 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our lab developed high molecular weight (MW) tense (T) quaternary state glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine hemoglobins (PolybHbs) that exhibited reduced vasoactivity in several small animal models. In this study, we prepared PolybHb in the T and relaxed (R) quaternary state with ultrahigh MW (>500 kDa) with varying cross-link densities, and investigated the effect of MW on key biophysical properties (i.e., O2 affinity, cooperativity (Hill) coefficient, hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity, polymer composition, viscosity, gaseous ligand-binding kinetics, auto-oxidation, and haptoglobin [Hp]-binding kinetics). To further optimize current PolybHb synthesis and purification protocols, we performed a comprehensive meta-data analysis to evaluate correlations between procedural parameters (i.e., cross-linker:bovine hemoglobin (bHb) molar ratio, gas-liquid exchange time, temperature during sodium dithionite addition, and number of diafiltration cycles) and the biophysical properties of both T- and R-state PolybHbs. Our results showed that, the duration of the fast-step auto-oxidation phase of R-state PolybHb increased with decreasing glutaraldehyde:bHb molar ratio. Additionally, T-state PolybHbs exhibited significantly higher bimolecular rate constants for binding to Hp and unimolecular O2 offloading rate constants compared to R-state PolybHbs. The methemoglobin (metHb) level in the final product was insensitive to the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to bHb for all PolybHbs. During tangential flow filtration processing of the final product, 14 diafiltration cycles was found to yield the lowest metHb level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Gu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Crystal Bolden-Rush
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clayton T Cuddington
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Donald A Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chintan Savla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ivan S Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Timm B, Abdulmalik O, Chakrabarti A, Elmer J. Purification of Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin (LtEc) with anion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1150:122162. [PMID: 32505113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The naturally extracellular hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) of the Canadian nightcrawler, Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc), is a unique oxygen transport protein that may be an effective substitute for donated human blood. Indeed, this ultra-high molecular weight (~3.6 MDa) hemoglobin has already been shown to avoid the side effects associated with previous hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and its high thermal stability (Tm = 56°C) and resistance to heme oxidation (kox = 0.04 hr-1 × 103 at 20°C) allow it to be stored for long periods of time without refrigeration. However, before it can be tested in human clinical trials, an effective and scalable purification process for LtEc must be developed. We have previously purified LtEc for animal studies with tangential flow filtration (TFF), which allows rapid and scalable purification of LtEc based on its relatively large size, but that type of size-based purification may not be able to specifically remove some impurities and high MW (>500 kDa) contaminants like endotoxin (MW = ~1-4 MDa). Anion exchange (AEX) and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) are two purification methods that have been previously used to purify mammalian hemoglobins, but they have not yet been used to purify large invertebrate hemoglobins like LtEc. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if AEX and IMAC resins could successfully purify LtEc from crude earthworm homogenate, while also preserving its macromolecular structure and function. Both processes were able to produce purified LtEc with low levels of endotoxin, but IMAC purification induced significantly higher levels of heme oxidation and subunit dissociation than AEX. In addition, the IMAC process required an additional desalting step to enable LtEc binding. In contrast, AEX produced highly pure LtEc that was not dissociated. LtEc purified by AEX also exhibits similar oxygen binding characteristics (P50 = 27.33 ± 1.82 mm Hg, n = 1.58 ± 0.17) to TFF-purified LtEc (P50 = 28.84 ± 0.40 mm Hg, n = 1.93 ± 0.02). Therefore, AEX appears to be the optimal method for LtEc purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Timm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Div. of Hematology, Abramson Building, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atis Chakrabarti
- Tosoh Bioscience, LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Jacob Elmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang D, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ma L, Larcher LM, Chen S, Liu N, Zhao Q, Tran PH, Chen C, Veedu RN, Wang T. Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:3684-3707. [PMID: 32206116 PMCID: PMC7069071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450000
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Statistics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Leon M. Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nan Liu
- General Practice Centre, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, 528244, Foshan, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- School of Medicine, and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 3216, Australia
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Interplay between Molten Globules and Heme Disassociation Defines Human Hemoglobin Disassembly. Biophys J 2020; 118:1381-1400. [PMID: 32075750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin functions as a tetrameric oxygen transport protein, with each subunit containing a heme cofactor. Its denaturation, either in vivo or in vitro, involves autoxidation to methemoglobin, followed by cofactor loss and globin unfolding. We have proposed a global disassembly scheme for human methemoglobin, linking hemin (ferric protoporphyrin IX) disassociation and apoprotein unfolding pathways. The model is based on the evaluation of circular dichroism and visible absorbance measurements of guanidine-hydrochloride-induced disassembly of methemoglobin and previous measurements of apohemoglobin unfolding. The populations of holointermediates and equilibrium disassembly parameters were estimated quantitatively for adult and fetal hemoglobins. The key stages are characterized by hexacoordinated hemichrome intermediates, which are important for preventing hemin disassociation from partially unfolded, molten globular species during early disassembly and late-stage assembly events. Both unfolding experiments and independent small angle x-ray scattering measurements demonstrate that heme disassociation leads to the loss of tetrameric structural integrity. Our model predicts that after autoxidation, dimeric and monomeric hemichrome intermediates occur along the disassembly pathway inside red cells, where the hemoglobin concentration is very high. This prediction suggests why misassembled hemoglobins often get trapped as hemichromes that accumulate into insoluble Heinz bodies in the red cells of patients with unstable hemoglobinopathies. These Heinz bodies become deposited on the cell membranes and can lead to hemolysis. Alternatively, when acellular hemoglobin is diluted into blood plasma after red cell lysis, the disassembly pathway appears to be dominated by early hemin disassociation events, which leads to the generation of higher fractions of unfolded apo subunits and free hemin, which are known to damage the integrity of blood vessel walls. Thus, our model provides explanations of the pathophysiology of hemoglobinopathies and other disease states associated with unstable globins and red cell lysis and also insights into the factors governing hemoglobin assembly during erythropoiesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the quantification of porcine hemoglobin in meat products. Food Chem 2018; 250:170-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Immunodetection of bovine hemoglobin-containing food ingredients using monoclonal antibody Bb1H9. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang H, Wang W, Li M, Lu Z, Liu K, Wang Y, Wang D. Affinity functionalization of PVA-co-PE nanofibrous membrane with Ni(ii)-chelated ligand for bovine hemoglobin adsorption. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00064f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ni(ii)-Chelated PVA-co-PE nanofibrous membrane can be prepared easily and this study provides an exploratory research for the large-scale purification of BHb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Mufang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Zhentan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Yuedan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bakhshpour M, Tamahkar E, Andaç M, Denizli A. Surface imprinted bacterial cellulose nanofibers for hemoglobin purification. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:453-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
17
|
Zimmerman D, DiIusto M, Dienes J, Abdulmalik O, Elmer JJ. Direct comparison of oligochaete erythrocruorins as potential blood substitutes. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:212-221. [PMID: 29313031 PMCID: PMC5675092 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While many blood substitutes are based on mammalian hemoglobins (e.g., human hemoglobin, HbA), the naturally extracellular hemoglobins of invertebrates (a.k.a. erythrocruorins, Ecs) are intriguing alternative oxygen carriers. Specifically, the erythrocruorin of Lumbricus terrestris has been shown to effectively deliver oxygen in mice and rats without the negative side effects observed with HbA. In this study, the properties of six oligochaete Ecs (Lumbricus terrestris, Eisenia hortensis, Eisenia fetida, Eisenia veneta, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Amynthas gracilis) were compared in vitro to identify the most promising blood substitute candidate(s). Several metrics were used to compare the Ecs, including their oxidation rates, dissociation at physiological pH, thermal stability, and oxygen transport characteristics. Overall, the Ecs of Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc) and Eisenia fetida (EfEc) were identified as promising candidates, since they demonstrated high thermal and oligomeric stability, while also exhibiting relatively low oxidation rates. Interestingly, the O2 affinity of LtEc (P50 = 26.25 mmHg at 37 °C) was also observed to be uniquely lower than EfEc and all of the other Ecs (P50 = 9.29–13.62 mmHg). Subsequent alignment of the primary sequences of LtEc and EfEc revealed several significant amino acid substitutions within the D subunit interfaces that may be responsible for this significant change in O2 affinity. Nonetheless, these results show that LtEc and EfEc are promising potential blood substitutes that are resistant to oxidation and denaturation, but additional experiments will need to be conducted to determine their safety, efficacy, and the effects of their disparate oxygen affinities in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Zimmerman
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Villanova University 800 East Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085
| | - Matthew DiIusto
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Villanova University 800 East Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085
| | - Jack Dienes
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Villanova University 800 East Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Div. of Hematology, Abramson Building The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 34th St. & Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Jacob J Elmer
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Villanova University 800 East Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tuning the pH-shift protein-isolation method for maximum hemoglobin-removal from blood rich fish muscle. Food Chem 2016; 212:213-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Zimmerman D, Dienes J, Abdulmalik O, Elmer JJ. Purification of diverse hemoglobins by metal salt precipitation. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 125:74-82. [PMID: 26363116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although donated blood is the preferred material for transfusion, its limited availability and stringent storage requirements have motivated the development of blood substitutes. The giant extracellular hemoglobin (aka erythrocruorin) of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (LtEc) has shown promise as a blood substitute, but an efficient purification method for LtEc must be developed to meet the potential large demand for blood substitutes. In this work, an optimized purification process that uses divalent and trivalent metal salts to selectively precipitate human, earthworm, and bloodworm hemoglobin (HbA, LtEc, and GdHb, respectively) from crude solutions was developed. Although several metal ions were able to selectively precipitate LtEc, Zn(2+) and Ni(2+) provided the lowest heme oxidation and highest overall yield of LtEc. In contrast, Zn(2+) was the only metal ion that completely precipitated HbA and GdHb. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis shows that metal precipitation removes several impurities to provide highly pure hemoglobin samples. Heme oxidation levels were relatively low for Zn(2+)-purified HbA and LtEc (2.4±1.3% and 5.3±2.1%, respectively), but slightly higher for Ni(2+)-purified LtEc (8.4±1.2%). The oxygen affinity and cooperativity of the precipitated samples are also identical to samples purified with tangential flow filtration (TFF) alone, indicating the metal precipitation does not significantly affect the function of the hemoglobins. Overall, these results show that hemoglobins from several different species can be highly purified using a combination of metal (Zn(2+)) precipitation and tangential flow filtration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Zimmerman
- Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Jack Dienes
- Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, Abramson Building, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St. & Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jacob J Elmer
- Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Samuel PP, Smith LP, Phillips GN, Olson JS. Apoglobin Stability Is the Major Factor Governing both Cell-free and in Vivo Expression of Holomyoglobin. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26205820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression levels in animal muscle tissues and in Escherichia coli vary widely for naturally occurring mammalian myoglobins (Mb). To explore this variation, we developed an in vitro transcription and wheat germ extract-based translation assay to examine quantitatively the factors that govern expression of holoMb. We constructed a library of naturally occurring Mbs from two terrestrial and four deep-diving aquatic mammals and three distal histidine mutants designed to enhance apoglobin stability but decrease hemin affinity. A strong linear correlation is observed between cell-free expression levels of holo-metMb variants and their corresponding apoglobin stabilities, which were measured independently by guanidine HCl-induced unfolding titrations using purified proteins. In contrast, there is little dependence of expression on hemin affinity. Our results confirm quantitatively that deep diving mammals have highly stable Mbs that express to higher levels in animal myocytes, E. coli, and the wheat germ cell-free system than Mbs from terrestrial mammals. Our theoretical analyses show that the rate of aggregation of unfolded apoMb is very large, and as a result, the key factor for high level expression of holoMb, and presumably other heme proteins, is an ultra high fraction of folded, native apoglobin that is capable of rapidly binding hemin. This fraction is determined by the overall equilibrium folding constant and not hemin affinity. These results also demonstrate that the cell-free transcription/translation system can be used as a high throughput platform to screen for apoglobin stability without the need to generate large amounts of protein for in vitro unfolding measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George N Phillips
- From BioSciences at Rice and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Methemoglobin is an endogenous toll-like receptor 4 ligand-relevance to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5028-46. [PMID: 25751721 PMCID: PMC4394463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a well-recognized consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and may be responsible for important complications of SAH. Signaling by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in microglia plays a critical role in neuronal damage after SAH. Three molecules derived from erythrocyte breakdown have been postulated to be endogenous TLR4 ligands: methemoglobin (metHgb), heme and hemin. However, poor water solubility of heme and hemin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination have confounded our understanding of these molecules as endogenous TLR4 ligands. We used a 5-step process to obtain highly purified LPS-free metHgb, as confirmed by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry and by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Using this preparation, we show that metHgb is a TLR4 ligand at physiologically relevant concentrations. metHgb caused time- and dose-dependent secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), from microglial and macrophage cell lines, with secretion inhibited by siRNA directed against TLR4, by the TLR4-specific inhibitors, Rs-LPS and TAK-242, and by anti-CD14 antibodies. Injection of purified LPS-free metHgb into the rat subarachnoid space induced microglial activation and TNFα upregulation. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that, following SAH, metHgb in the subarachnoid space can promote widespread TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoffman P, Rauová D, Bezáková L, Obložinský M, Mikuš P. HPLC method for determination of lipoxygenase positional specific products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Elmer J, Zorc K, Rameez S, Zhou Y, Cabrales P, Palmer AF. Hypervolemic infusion of Lumbricus terrestris erythrocruorin purified by tangential-flow filtration. Transfusion 2012; 52:1729-40. [PMID: 22304397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemoglobin of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (also known as erythrocruorin, or LtEc) is a naturally occurring high-molecular-weight protein assembly (3.6 MDa) that is extremely stable, resistant to oxidation, and transports oxygen similarly to human whole blood. Therefore, LtEc may serve as an alternative to donated human red blood cells. However, a suitable purification process must be developed to produce highly pure LtEc on a large scale that can be evaluated in an animal model to determine the safety and efficacy of LtEc. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We used tangential-flow filtration (TFF), an easily scalable and affordable technique, to produce highly pure LtEc from earthworms. The purity, yield, methemoglobin level, viscosity, colloid osmotic pressure, O(2) binding equilibria, and ligand-binding kinetics of the purified LtEc were measured in vitro. The purified LtEc product was then evaluated in hamsters using a hypervolemic infusion model to establish its basic biocompatibility and detect any changes in microcirculatory and systemic variables. RESULTS TFF was able to produce LtEc with high purity and yield (5-10 g/1000 worms). The purified LtEc product did not elicit hypertension or vasoconstriction when infused into hamsters. CONCLUSION LtEc may be easily purified and safely transfused into hamsters in small amounts (0.5-1.5 g/dL final concentration in blood) without any noticeable side effects. Therefore, LtEc may serve as a very promising oxygen carrier for use in transfusion medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Elmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rameez S, Palmer AF. Simple method for preparing poly(ethylene glycol)-surface-conjugated liposome-encapsulated hemoglobins: physicochemical properties, long-term storage stability, and their reactions with O2, CO, and NO. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8829-8840. [PMID: 21678920 PMCID: PMC3148852 DOI: 10.1021/la201246m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) dispersions have been investigated for use as red blood cell (RBC) substitutes. However, the process for formulating LEHs is cumbersome, and the composition of the lipid mixture is often complex. This work investigates a simple approach to formulating LEHs from a simple lipid mixture composed of high-phase-transition lipid distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol. To improve the circulation half-life and colloidal state of LEHs, the surfaces of unmodified LEHs were conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-LEHs). The results of this work show that PEG-LEH dispersions exhibited average diameters ranging from 166 to 195 nm that were colloidally stable for 4 to 5 months, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations ranging from 9.6 to 14 g/dL, methemoglobin levels of less than 1%, oxygen affinities (i.e., P(50) values) ranging from 20 to 23 mm Hg, and cooperativity coefficients ranging from 1.4 to 2.2. The reactions of PEG-LEHs with physiologically important ligands, such as oxygen (O(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO), were also measured. It was observed that PEG-LEHs and RBCs exhibited retarded gaseous ligand binding/release kinetics compared to that of acellular Hb's. This result provides important insight into the pivotal role that the intracellular diffusion barrier plays in the transport of gases into and out of these structures. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the PEG-LEH dispersions prepared in this study show good potential as an RBC substitute.
Collapse
|