Determination of tobramycin in soil by HPLC with ultrasonic-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction

Implementation of green-assessed nanotechnology and quality by design approach for development of optical sensor for determination of tobramycin in ophthalmic formulations and spiked human plasma

A fast eco-friendly colorimetric method was developed for the determination of Tobramycin in drug substance, ophthalmic formulations, and spiked human plasma using silver nanoparticles optical sensor. Even though tobramycin is non-UV-visible absorbing, the developed method is based on measuring the absorbance quenching of silver nanoparticles resulting from the interaction with tobramycin. Different factors affecting the absorbance intensity were studied as; silver nanoparticle concentration, pH, buffer type, and reaction time using quality by design approach. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to ICH guidelines and was found to be accurate, precise, and sensitive. The linearity range of tobramycin was 0.35-4.0 μg/mL. The optical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Tobramycin in ophthalmic formulations and spiked human plasma without pre-treatment. Additionally, the binding between Tobramycin and PVP- capped silver nanoparticles was studied using molecular docking software. The method was assessed and compared to colorimetric reported methods for the green character using Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE) tools and found to be greener.

Simultaneous Determination of Ceftazidime in Three Different Pharmaceutical Preparations Combined with Either Tazobactam, Tobramycin or Sulbactam by HPTLC-Spectrodensitometric Method

A new, simple hight performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Spectrodensitometric strategy was created and approved for the synchronous estimation of four antibacterial specialists: ceftazidime (CEF), tazobactam (TAZ), tobramycin (TOB) and sulbactam (SUL). The four compounds were separated on TLC aluminum plates covered with silica gel 60 F254, using chloroform-acetonitrile-methanol-ammonia (4:1:0.5:0.15, v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase at 254 nm. Linear correlation was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 12.0-72.0, 2.0-12.0, 3.0-18.0 and 10.0-50.0 μg mL-1 for CEF, TAZ, TOB and SUL, respectively. The proposed approach is efficient, repeatable and convenient as a flexible method for the quality control of diverse combinations of these pharmaceuticals in various pharmaceutical preparations, with high percent recoveries that are highly consistent with labeled data. When the findings of the proposed technique were compared to those of the comparison methods, there were no critical contrasts in terms of precision and accuracy.

A review of green solvent extraction techniques and their use in antibiotic residue analysis

Antibiotic residues are being continuously recognized in the aquatic environment and in food. Though the concentration of antibiotic residues is typically low, adverse effects on the environment and human health have been observed. Hence, an efficient method to determine numerous antibiotic residues should be simple, inexpensive, selective, with high throughput and with low detection limits. Liquid-based extractions have been exceedingly used for clean-up and preconcentration of antibiotics prior to chromatographic analysis. In order to make methods more green and environmentally sustainable, conventional hazardous organic solvents can be replaced with green solvents. This review presents sampling strategies as well as comprehensive and up-to-date methods for chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in different sample matrices. Particularly, solvent-based sample preparation techniques using green solvents are discussed along with applications in antibiotic residue analysis.

Development and validation of an HPLC method for determination of Amikacin in water samples by solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization

This work presents a rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amikacin in water samples with solid phase extraction and pre-column derivatization. Amikacin residue was extracted from water samples with solid phase extraction cartridge. Then the extraction solution was derivatized with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride in the presence of triethylamine at 70°C in 20 min. The amikacin derivative was separated on a C18 column and detected by application of UV detection at 238 nm. The limit of detection is 0.2 μg/L with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and linearity is established over the concentration range from 0 to 500.0 μg/L. Recoveries of the amikacin in three types of water samples are from 87.5 % to 99.6 % and RSDs are 2.1 %-4.5 %. This method can be used for the quantification of amikacin residues in water samples.

Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples

Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.