1
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Zhang B, Zhou F, Yu X, Zhang P, Sun X, Su J, Fan C, Shu W, Dong Q, Zeng C. An enantioselective fluorescent probe for detecting arginine and glutamic acids. Food Chem 2024; 455:139976. [PMID: 38850978 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids are important chiral compounds in the human body, and are important basic components that make up the human body and play an important role in the human body. Among them, different enantiomers of an amino acid may have different roles, and different types of amino acids can be interconverted. However, the content of D-amino acids is much lower than that of L-amino acids, which is difficult to be detected. At present, many of the potential roles of D-amino acids, such as the conversion of D-amino acids to each other, have not yet been fully revealed. Hence, we synthesized fluorescent probe (R)-5 by condensation of 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) and 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine with Schiff base, which can recognize both D-arginine and D-glutamic acid at low concentrations. Meanwhile, (R)-5 can be applied to paper-based sensors for the detection of arginine and glutamate in living cells and for food amino acid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xianzhe Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jiali Su
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Cailing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Qinxi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chaoyuan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China.
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2
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Liao X, Wu B, Li H, Zhang M, Cai M, Lang B, Wu Z, Wang F, Sun J, Zhou P, Chen H, Di D, Ren C, Zhang H. Fluorescent/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Discriminating Gln and Val Enantiomers Based on Carbon Dots. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14573-14581. [PMID: 37729469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and quantification of amino acid (AA) enantiomers are particularly important for diagnosing and treating diseases. Recently, dual-mode probes have gained a lot of research interest because they can catch more detecting information compared with the single-mode probes. Thus, it is of great significance to develop a dual-mode sensor realizing AA enantiomer discrimination conveniently and efficiently. In this work, carbon dot L-TCDs were prepared by N-methyl-1,2-benzenediamine dihydrochloride (OTD) and l-tryptophan. With the assistance of H2O2, L-TCDs show an excellent discrimination performance for enantiomers of glutamine (Gln) and valine (Val) in both fluorescent and colorimetric modes. The fluorescence enantioselectivity of Gln (FD/FL) and Val (FL/FD) is 5.29 and 4.13, respectively, and the colorimetric enantioselectivity of Gln (ID/IL) and Val (IL/ID) is 13.26 and 3.42, individually. The chiral recognition mechanism of L-TCDs was systematically studied. L-TCDs can be etched by H2O2, and the participation of AA enantiomers results in different amounts of the released OTD, which provides fluorescent and colorimetric signals for identifying and quantifying the enantiomers of Gln and Val. This work provides a more convenient and flexible dual-mode sensing strategy for discriminating AA enantiomers, which is expected to be of great value in facile and high-throughput chiral recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Muzi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bozhi Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fangling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuiling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang T, Yang Z, He X, Guo L, Wang J, Jiang X, Shen R, Lu X. A ratiometric fluorescent dye for detection of Lys and Arg and its bioimaging in live cells and zebrafish larvae. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:703-708. [PMID: 36691870 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A ratiometric and pH-sensitive fluorescent dye named IDE was applied to the detection of argine and lysine from common amino acids and exploited to monitor the Lys and Arg levels in living cells and zebrafish larvae successfully. IDE will be a useful fluorescence indicator of pH changes by Lys and Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Luxin Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruling Shen
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiuhong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
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4
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Neequaye T, El Rassi Z. Poly(carboxyethyl acrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith with bonded (S)-(-)-1-(2-naphthyl) ethylamine ligands for use in chiral and achiral separations by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463713. [PMID: 36535112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this research report, the previously developed poly(carboxyethyl acrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) precursor monolith (referred to as carboxy monolith) is further exploited in the preparation of a chiral stationary phase for enantiomeric separations. The carboxy monolith precursor was subjected to post polymerization functionalization (PPF) with the chiral selector (S)-(-)-1-(2-naphthyl) ethylamine (NAS) at room temperature in the presence of N, N´-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in chloroform. The DCC, which is an organic soluble carbodiimide, permits the linkage for the amine functionality of the chiral ligand NAS to the carboxy group of the monolithic surface forming a stable amide linkage. The NAS column thus obtained allowed not only enantiomeric separations in the RP mode via its chiral site but also the separation of nonpolar species via its achiral functionality offering both hydrophobic and π-π interactions for aromatic compounds such toluene derivatives and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The dual interaction sites (e.g., chiral, and achiral) of the NAS present a convenient column for the separations of slightly polar and nonpolar chiral and achiral solutes in the RP mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Neequaye
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
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5
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FURUSHO A, IKEJIRI KA, ISHII C, AKITA T, MITA M, NAGANO M, IDE T, HAMASE K. Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chiral Amino Acids in Food Samples and Human Physiological Fluids Using Fluorescence Derivatization with 4-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2021.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aogu FURUSHO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Chiharu ISHII
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takeyuki AKITA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Tomomi IDE
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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6
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Pu L. Chemoselective and Enantioselective Fluorescent Identification of Specific Amino Acid Enantiomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8038-8048. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of chiral amino acids play versatile roles in biological systems including humans. They are also very useful in the asymmetric synthesis of diverse chiral organic compounds. Therefore, identification...
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Yang S, Wu F, Yu F, Gu L, Wang H, Liu Y, Chu Y, Wang F, Fang X, Ding CF. Distinction of chiral penicillamine using metal-ion coupled cyclodextrin complex as chiral selector by trapped ion mobility-mass spectrometry and a structure investigation of the complexes. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339017. [PMID: 34625257 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Penicillamine (Pen) is a common chiral drug that is obtained from penicillin. Between the two enantiomers of Pen, only D-Pen can be used to treat cystinuria and rheumatoid arthritis while L-Pen is toxic. Therefore, it requires great efforts for the research of the rigorous analysis and distinction of the two enantiomers. The non-covalent combination of chiral molecules and chiral selectors (CSs) has been proved as a unique strategy for chiral distinction by ion mobility spectrometry in coupling with -mss spectrometry (IM-MS). Here, we developed a simple method to distinguish D, L-Pen by using special CSs for IM-MS separation. The CSs utilized here include cyclodextrins (CD) and linear chain oligosaccharides plus metal ions. We found that non-covalent complexes [Pen+β-CD + Li]+ could be easily formed by electrospray ionization of the mixture of the solution, and the chirality of Pen could be effectively recognized by measuring their mobilities due to the different collision cross collision sections of [D-Pen+β-CD + Li]+ and [L-Pen+β-CD + Li]+. A detailed analysis of [Pen+β-CD + Li]+ was then conducted by the optical rotation measurements and NMR experiments to reveal their structural differences. Furthermore, DFT calculation showed the differences of molecular conformation between the complexes. The results provide a new powerful method for fast analysis and recognition of chirality of Pen compounds by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Fanzhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liancheng Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yanqiu Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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8
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Torok R, Horompoly K, Szigeti M, Guttman A, Vitai M, Koranyi L, Jarvas G. N-Glycosylation Profiling of Human Blood in Type 2 Diabetes by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2021; 26:6399. [PMID: 34770808 PMCID: PMC8586923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, diagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge. Thus, there is a need to find rapid, simple, and reliable analytical methods that can detect the disease at an early stage. The aim of this work was to shed light on the importance of sample collection options, sample preparation conditions, and the applied capillary electrophoresis bioanalytical technique, for a high-resolution determination of the N-glycan profile in human blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To achieve the profile information of these complex oligosaccharides, linked by asparagine to hIgG in the blood, the glycoproteins of the samples needed to be cleaved, labelled, and purified with sufficient yield and selectivity. The resulting samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After separation parameter optimization, the capillary electrophoresis technique was implemented for efficient N-glycan profiling of whole blood samples from the diabetic patients. Our results revealed that there were subtle differences between the N-glycan profiles of the diabetic and control samples; in particular, two N-glycan structures were identified as potential glycobiomarkers that could reveal significant changes between the untreated/treated type 2 diabetic and control samples. By analyzing the resulting oligosaccharide profiles, clinically relevant information was obtained, revealing the differences between the untreated and HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients on changes in the N-glycan profile in the blood. In addition, the information from specific IgG N-glycosylation profiles in T2D could shed light on underlying inflammatory pathophysiological processes and lead to drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Torok
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Klaudia Horompoly
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marton Szigeti
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Andras Guttman
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Horvath Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marta Vitai
- DRC Drug Research Center Ltd., 8230 Balatonfured, Hungary; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Laszlo Koranyi
- DRC Drug Research Center Ltd., 8230 Balatonfured, Hungary; (M.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Gabor Jarvas
- Translational Glycomics Research Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary; (R.T.); (K.H.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
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9
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Chen L, Liu M, Yang S, Zhao H, Yao X, Li X, Meng J. Theoretical electronic circular dichroism investigations of chiral amino acids and development of separation and identification methods independent of standards. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462446. [PMID: 34384924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Through an appropriate computational protocol and environmental simulation, a satisfactory fit was observed for the theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of 19 chiral amino acids (AAs), which correspondeds to the forms of the AAs in aqueous solution. Methods for enantioseparation of these chiral AAs by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. Combining ECD with chromatographic separation methods, enantiomers were identified and quantified independent of a single enantiomer standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jinghua Meng
- Department of Mathematics, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, China
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10
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Fan X, Cao L, Geng L, Ma Y, Wei Y, Wang Y. Polysaccharides as separation media for the separation of proteins, peptides and stereoisomers of amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:616-638. [PMID: 34242648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable separation of peptides, amino acids and proteins as accurate as possible with the maximum conformation and biological activity is crucial and essential for drug discovery. Polysaccharide, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers with optical activity on earth, is easy to be functionalized due to lots of hydroxyl groups on glucose units. Over the last few decades, polysaccharide derivatives are gradually employed as effective separation media. The highly-ordered helical structure contributes to complex, diverse molecular recognition ability, allowing polysaccharide derivatives to selectively interact with different analytes. This article reviews the development, application and prospects of polysaccharides as separation media in the separation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in recent years. The chiral molecules mechanism, advantages, limitations, development status and challenges faced by polysaccharides as separation media in molecular recognition are summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of its continued development and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lilong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Linna Geng
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yalu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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11
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Caslavska J, Thormann W. Bioanalysis of drugs and their metabolites by chiral electromigration techniques (2010-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1744-1760. [PMID: 33570170 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The further development and application of capillary electromigration techniques for the enantioselective determination of drugs and their metabolites in body fluids, tissues, and in vitro preparations during the 2010 to 2020 time period continued to proof their usefulness and attractiveness in bioanalysis. This review discusses the principles and important aspects of capillary electrophoresis- based chiral drug bioassays, provides a survey of the assays reported during the past 10 years and presents an overview of the key achievements encountered in that time period. For systems with charged chiral selectors, special attention is paid on assays that feature field-amplified sample injection to enable the determination of ppb levels of analytes and optimized online incubation procedures for the rapid assessment of a metabolic pathway. Applications discussed encompass the pharmacokinetics of drug enantiomers in vivo and in vitro, the impact of inhibitors on metabolic steps, the elucidation of the stereoselectivity of drug metabolism in vivo and in vitro, and drug enantiomers in toxicological, forensic, and doping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Caslavska
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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FURUSHO A, OBROMSUK M, AKITA T, MITA M, NAGANO M, ROJSITTHISAK P, HAMASE K. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chiral Amino Acids Using Pre-Column Derivatization with o-Phthalaldehyde and N- tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-D-cysteine and Application to Vinegar Samples. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aogu FURUSHO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Takeyuki AKITA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | | | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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13
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Violi JP, Bishop DP, Padula MP, Steele JR, Rodgers KJ. Considerations for amino acid analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A tutorial review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Şarkaya K, Aşir S, Göktürk I, Ektirici S, Yilmaz F, Yavuz H, Denizli A. Separation of histidine enantiomers by capillary electrochromatography with molecularly imprinted monolithic columns. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Şarkaya
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Süleyman Aşir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology EngineeringNear East University Mersin Turkey
| | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Sisem Ektirici
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Fatma Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry TechnolgyBolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Handan Yavuz
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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15
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Hobbs C, Řezanka P, Řezanka M. Cyclodextrin‐Functionalised Nanomaterials for Enantiomeric Recognition. Chempluschem 2020; 85:876-888. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hobbs
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural SciencesInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and InnovationTechnical University of Liberec Studentská 1402/2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural SciencesInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and InnovationTechnical University of Liberec Studentská 1402/2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
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16
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Swinarew AS, Swinarew B, Gabor J, Popczyk M, Kubik K, Stanula A, Waśkiewicz Z, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. New Kind of Polymer Materials Based on Selected Complexing Star-Shaped Polyethers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101554. [PMID: 31554275 PMCID: PMC6835609 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s analytical trends, there is an ever-increasing importance of polymeric materials for low molecular weight compounds including amines and drugs because they can act as carriers or capture amines or drugs. The use of this type of materials will allow the development of modern materials for the chromatographic column beds and the substrates of selective sensors. Moreover, these kinds of materials could be used as a drug carrier. Therefore, the aim of this study is presenting the synthesis and complexing properties of star-shaped oxiranes as a new sensor for the selective complexation of low molecular weight compounds. Propylene oxide and selected oxirane monomers with carbazolyl in the substituent were selected as the monomers in this case and tetrahydrofuran as its solvent. The obtained polymer structures were characterized using the MALDI-TOF. It was found that in the initiation step potassium hydride deprotonates the monomer molecule and takes also part in the nucleophilic substitution. The resulting polymeric material preferably cross-linked with selected di-oxiranes (1,2,7,8-diepoksyoktan in respect ratio 3:1 according to active center) was then used as a stationary phase in the column and thin layer chromatography for amine separation and identification. Sorption ability of the resulting deposits was determined using a quartz microbalance (QCMB). The study was carried out in stationary mode and flow cells to simulate actual operating phase conditions. Based on changes in electrode vibration frequency, the maximum amount of adsorbed analyte and the best conditions for its sorption were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Szymon Swinarew
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Beata Swinarew
- Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials & Dyes, Paint & Plastics Department; Chorzowska 50a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Gabor
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Popczyk
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Kubik
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise and Sport Performance, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Team Sport Games, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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17
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Furusho A, Koga R, Akita T, Mita M, Kimura T, Hamase K. Three-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Asn, Ser, Ala, and Pro Enantiomers in the Plasma of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11569-11575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aogu Furusho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Reiko Koga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masashi Mita
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., 1-6-2 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8310, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saitoasagi, Ibaraki 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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18
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KOGA R, YOSHIDA H, NOHTA H, HAMASE K. Multi-Dimensional HPLC Analysis of Metabolic Related Chiral Amino Acids -Method Development and Biological/Clinical Applications-. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2019. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko KOGA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | | | - Hitoshi NOHTA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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19
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Harnisch H, Ilisz I, Fülöp F, Szakonyi Z, Kiss L, Péter A, Scriba GKE. Cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of dansylated β-amino acids with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane and cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazole core structures. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Harnisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
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20
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HAMASE K, IKEDA T, ISHII C, ISHIGO S, MASUYAMA K, AKITA T, FURUSHO A, TAKAHASHI M, IDE T, MITA M. Determination of Trace Amounts of Chiral Amino Acids in Complicated Biological Samples Using Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with an Innovative “Shape-Fitting” Peak Identification/Quantification Method. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | - Chiharu ISHII
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Takeyuki AKITA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Aogu FURUSHO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Miho TAKAHASHI
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomomi IDE
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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21
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D' Orazio G, Asensio-Ramos M, Fanali C. Enantiomers separation by capillary electrochromatography using polysaccharide-based stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:360-384. [PMID: 30198206 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The separation of chiral compounds is an interesting and important topic of research because these compounds are involved in some biological processes, fundamentally in human health. Among the various application fields where enantiomers are remarkable, drug analysis has to be considered. Most of the drugs contain enantiomers and very often one of the two isomers could be pharmacologically more active or even dangerous. Therefore, the separation of these compounds is very important. Among the different analytical techniques usually employed, capillary electrochromatography has demonstrated great capability in enantiomers resolution. The great potential of this electromigration technique stands mainly in its high efficiency due to the use of an electrosmotic flow (flat flow profile) and on the high selectivity because of the use of a stationary phase. Chiral separation can be obtained utilizing several chiral stationary phases including a polysaccharide derivative. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the main features of capillary electrochromatography and polysaccharide derivatives of chiral stationary phase. It also report examples of practical applications utilizing this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D' Orazio
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - María Asensio-Ramos
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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FURUSHO A, KOGA R, AKITA T, MIYOSHI Y, MITA M, HAMASE K. Development of a Highly-Sensitive Two-Dimensional HPLC System with Narrowbore Reversed-Phase and Microbore Enantioselective Columns and Application to the Chiral Amino Acid Analysis of the Mammalian Brain. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aogu FURUSHO
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Reiko KOGA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Takeyuki AKITA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Kenji HAMASE
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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23
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Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical chiral separations and analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Potentiometric sensors arrays based on perfluorinated membranes and silica nanoparticles with surface modified by proton-acceptor groups, for the determination of aspartic and glutamic amino acids anions and potassium cations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Zhao F, Du Y, Tian J, Shi D, Wang Y, Hu L, Yu S, Yu X, Pu L. Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution by Using a Chiral Aldehyde Probe. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Yi Du
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Jun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Dan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Yachen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Lingling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ministry of Education; Sichuan University; 610064 Chengdu China610064
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; McCormick Rd 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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26
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Maffei F, Brancatelli G, Barboza T, Dalcanale E, Geremia S, Pinalli R. Inherently chiral phosphonate cavitands as enantioselective receptors for mono-methylated L-amino acids. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1417991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maffei
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Brancatelli
- CEB Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tahnie Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- CEB Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma and INSTM UdR Parma, Parma, Italy
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27
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Miao Y, Liu Q, Wang W, Liu L, Wang L. Enantioseparation of amino acids by micellar capillary electrophoresis using binary chiral selectors and determination of D-glutamic acid and D-aspartic acid in rice wine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1364263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Miao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Suzuki N, Miyabe K. Evaluation of Migration Time and Variance for Accurate Kinetic Studies Based on Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10487-10495. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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29
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Huang S, Paul P, Ramana P, Adams E, Augustijns P, Van Schepdael A. Advances in Capillary Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis for On-line Enzymatic and Derivatization Reactions. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:97-110. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Huang
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis; Leuven Belgium
| | - Prasanta Paul
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis; Leuven Belgium
| | - Pranov Ramana
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis; Leuven Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis; Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug delivery and disposition; Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis; Leuven Belgium
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30
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Zeng C, Zhang X, Pu L. Enantioselective Fluorescent Imaging of Free Amino Acids in Living Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:2432-2438. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic; Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic; Conversion Materials; School of Chemistry; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 Zhongguancun Road Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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31
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Nováková Z, Pejchal V, Fischer J, Česla P. Chiral separation of benzothiazole derivatives of amino acids using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:798-803. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Pejchal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fischer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Česla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Pardubice Czech Republic
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32
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Felici E, Casado C, Wang CC, Raba J, Gomez MR. A green alternative method for analysis of ivermectin and moxidectin in environmental water samples using automatized preconcentration previous MEEKC. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2977-2985. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Felici
- INQUISAL, CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco; San Luis Argentina
| | - Cristian Casado
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba, CEPROCOR; Santa Marı́a de Punilla; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Chien C. Wang
- INQUISAL, CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco; San Luis Argentina
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
| | - Julio Raba
- INQUISAL, CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco; San Luis Argentina
| | - María R. Gomez
- INQUISAL, CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco; San Luis Argentina
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia; Universidad Nacional de San Luis; San Luis Argentina
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33
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Wang XH, Dong Q, Ying LL, Chi SS, Lan YH, Huang YP, Liu ZS. Enhancement of selective separation on molecularly imprinted monolith by molecular crowding agent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:201-211. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Salgado A, Chankvetadze B. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the understanding of enantiomer separation mechanisms in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:95-144. [PMID: 27604161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to understand the mechanisms of chiral separation in capillary electrophoresis (CE). It is accepted that changes observed in the separation process, including the reversal of enantiomer migration order (EMO), can be caused by subtle modifications in the molecular recognition mechanisms between enantiomer and chiral selector. These modifications may imply minor structural differences in those selector-selectand complexes that arise from the above mentioned interactions. Therefore, it is mandatory to understand the fine intermolecular interactions between analytes and chiral selectors. In other words, it is necessary to know in detail the structures of the complexes formed by the enantiomer (selectand) and the selector. Any differences in the structures of these complexes arising from either enantiomer should be detected, so that enantiomeric bias in the separation process could be explained. As to the nature of these interactions, those have been extensively reviewed, and it is not intended to be discussed here. These interactions contemplate ionic, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-π stacking, steric and hydrophobic interactions. The main subject of this review is to describe how NMR spectroscopy helps to gain insight into the non-covalent intermolecular interactions between selector and selectand that lead to enantiomer separation by CE. Examples in which diastereomeric species are created by covalent (irreversible) derivatization will not be considered here. This review is structured upon the different structural classes of chiral selectors employed in CE, in which NMR spectroscopy has made substantial contributions to rationalize the observed enantioseparations. Cases in which other techniques complement NMR spectroscopic data are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salgado
- Centro de Espectroscopía de RMN (CERMN), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, University Campus, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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35
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Enantioseparations in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography: Recent advances and applications. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:145-154. [PMID: 27461922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances and applications in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for enantioseparations during the last decade. Although extensive research has been conducted in the area of separations by use of CEC, and a big number of reviews have been published, there is not a review on exclusively the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in OT-CEC for enantioseparations. Therefore, in this review, the design and synthesis of different CSPs are presented, and their potential applications in OT-CEC for enantioseparations are discussed. The different approaches to CSP development include chiral nanomaterials, porous layers, molecular imprinting, sol-gel technique, polyelectrolyte multilayer coating, polymeric coating and others.
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36
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Indirect Enantioseparation of Amino Acids by CE Using Automated In-Capillary Derivatization with ortho-Phthalaldehyde and N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Shahangi F, Najafi Chermahini A, Farrokhpour H, Dabbagh HA. Enantiomeric discrimination of leucine enantiomers by nanotubular cyclic peptides: DFT and ONIOM calculation of the absorption spectra of guested enantiomers. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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38
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Akgönüllü S, Yavuz H, Denizli A. Preparation of imprinted cryogel cartridge for chiral separation of l-phenylalanine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:800-807. [PMID: 27132947 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1175445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Phe-imprinted cryogel cartridge was prepared for the chiral separation of l-Phe. N-Methacryloyl l-phenylalanine (MAPA) was used as a functional monomer for complexing with l-Phe. The selectivity of the membranes was investigated by using d-Phe, l-Trp, and d-Trp as competitor molecules. The PHEMAPA-l-Trp membranes were 6.4, 4.3, and 5.5 times more selective for l-Phe than d-Phe, l-Trp, and d-Trp, respectively. The PHEMAPA-l-Phe cryogel cartridge was incorporated into the fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) equipment and was able to separate D,l-Phe racemic mixture efficiently. The PHEMAPA-l-Phe membranes were shown to be reusable many times without significant loss of the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Akgönüllü
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Handan Yavuz
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- a Department of Chemistry , Hacettepe University , Beytepe , Ankara , Turkey
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39
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Chiral analysis of aromatic amino acids in food supplements using subcritical fluid chromatography and Chirobiotic T2 column. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Campos CDM, deCampos Braga PA, Reyes FGR, daSilva JAF. Elimination of the artefact peaks in capillary electrophoresis determination of glutamate by using organic solvents in sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3781-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Alberto Fracassi daSilva
- Chemistry Institute; State University of Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio); Campinas SP Brazil
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41
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42
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Martín A, Batalla P, Hernández-Ferrer J, Martínez MT, Escarpa A. Graphene oxide nanoribbon-based sensors for the simultaneous bio-electrochemical enantiomeric resolution and analysis of amino acid biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:163-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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43
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Contino A, Maccarrone G, Zimbone M, Musumeci P, Calcagno L, Pannitteri S. Fine tuning the pH triggers the enantiorecognition of underivatized amino acids by silver nanoparticles: a novel approach based on the focused use of solution equilibria. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 443:30-5. [PMID: 25528532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective amino acid analysis is still a challenging task. In this work, we report a study on the chiral recognition of D,L-Trp and D,L-His using L-Cys capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and copper(II) ion. The AgNPs have been characterized by TEM, UV-Vis spectra and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and used for chiral discrimination. In the L-Cys capped AgNPs, the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups of the surface-confined amino acid, besides showing either a negative or a neutral charge as a function of the pH, can coordinate the copper(II) ion, which in turn, binds the L- or D-amino acid present in solution forming diastereoisomeric complexes. The resulting systems have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, exploiting the zwitterionic nature of the cysteine to obtain enantiodiscrimination by a fine tuning of the pH. The analysis of the UV-Vis data by using a multiwavelength approach allows us to determine the kinetic constants ruling the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalinda Contino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maccarrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Calcagno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
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44
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Xu J, Xu X, Wang Q, Fan X. Chiral separation of phenyllactic acid by helical structure from spring dextrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Gao R, Wang L, Yang Y, Ni J, Zhao L, Dong S, Guo M. Simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in Swertia mussotii Franch by capillary zone electrophoresis with running buffer modifier. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:402-9. [PMID: 25042239 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection was developed for the determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin. and then for the first time successfully applied to the analysis of four analytes in Swertia mussotii Franch and its preparations. Various factors affecting the CZE procedure were investigated and optimized, and the optimal conditions were: 50 × 10(-3) mol/L borate-phosphate buffer (pH 9.5) with 5.0 × 10(-3) mol/L β-cyclodextrin, 15 kV separation voltage, 20 °C column temperature, 250 nm detection wavelength and 5 s electrokinetic injection time (voltage 20 psi). Under the conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin could be determined within the test ranges with a good correlation coefficient (r(2) > 0.9991). The limits of detection for conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin were 0.3415, 0.2003, 0.0062 and 0.2538 µg/mL, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were no more than 4.72%. This procedure provided a convenient, sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in S. mussotii Franch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Department of Pharmacy, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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46
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Xu X, Jia Z, Shu Y, Liu L. Dynamic pH junction–sweeping technique for on-line concentration of acidic amino acids in human serum by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 980:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Su Y, Mu X, Qi L. Development of a capillary electrophoresis system with Mn(ii) complexes and β-cyclodextrin as the dual chiral selectors for enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids and its application in screening enzyme inhibitors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel CLE-CE system with Mn(ii)–[BMIm][l-Ala] complexes and β-CD as the dual chiral selectors based on the synergistic effect was successfully constructed for enantioseparation of Dns-d,l-AAs and applied in screening the tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
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48
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Wang B, Chai W, Ding G. The application of functional silica nanoparticles to fulfill the rapid and improved enantioselective capillary electrophoresis separation of amino acid derivatives. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:332-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Weibo Chai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin P.R. China
- Analysis Center; Tianjin University; Tianjin P.R. China
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49
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Giuffrida A, Maccarrone G, Cucinotta V, Orlandini S, Contino A. Recent advances in chiral separation of amino acids using capillary electromigration techniques. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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The pivotal role of copper(II) in the enantiorecognition of tryptophan and histidine by gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:481-91. [PMID: 24232750 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective amino acid analysis has increasingly moved into the scope of interest of the scientific community. In this work, we report a study on the chiral recognition of D,L-Trp and D,L-His using L -Cys-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and copper(II) ion. In the L -Cys-capped AuNPs, the thiol group of the amino acid interacts with AuNPs through the formation of Au–S bond, whereas the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups of the surface-confined cysteine can coordinate the copper(II) ion, which in turn, binds the L- or D-amino acid present in solution forming diastereoisomeric complexes. The resulting systems have been characterized by UV–Vis spectra and dynamic light scattering measurements, obtaining different results for L- and D-Trp, as well as for L- and D-His. The knowledge of the solution equilibria of the investigated systems allowed us to accurately calculate in advance the concentrations of the species presentin solution and to optimize the system performances, highlighting the pivotal role of copper(II) ion in the enantiodiscrimination processes.
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