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Li H, Chen X, Tang Y, Yang Y, He F, Wang X, Li G, Chen K, Ouyang P, Yang Y. Separation, purification, and crystallization of 1,5-pentanediamine hydrochloride from fermentation broth by cation resin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1104041. [PMID: 36686243 PMCID: PMC9845778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,5-Pentanediamine hydrochloride (PDAH) was an important raw material for the preparation of bio-based pentamethylene diisocyanate (PDI). PDI has shown excellent properties in the application of adhesives and thermosetting polyurethane. In this study, PDAH was recovered from 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA) fermentation broth using a cation exchange resin and purified by crystallization. D152 was selected as the most suitable resin for purifying PDAH. The effects of solution pH, initial temperature, concentration of PDA, and adsorption time were studied by the static adsorption method. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to Langmiur, Freundlich, and Temkin-Pyzhev adsorption isotherms. The adsorption free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated. The experimental data were well described by the pseudo first-order kinetics model. The dynamic experiment in the fixed bed column showed that under optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity reached 96.45 mg g-1, and the recovery proportion of the effective section reached 80.16%. In addition, the crystallization of the PDAH solution obtained by elution proved that the crystal product quality of resin eluting solution was highest. Thus, our research will contribute to the industrial scale-up of the separation of PDAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng He
- Jiangsu Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, JITRI Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ganlu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- Gansu Yinguang Juyin Chemical Co., Ltd., Baiyin, China
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Delineating biosynthesis of Huperzine A, A plant-derived medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dymek A, Widelski J, Wojtanowski KK, Vivcharenko V, Przekora A, Mroczek T. Fractionation of Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids and Evaluation of Their Anticholinesterase and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:6379. [PMID: 34770788 PMCID: PMC8588253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the abundant evidence that Lycopodiaceae alkaloids, including the well-known huperzine A (HupA), are among the potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, an attempt was made to search for new compounds responsible for this property. For this purpose, three plant species belonging to the Lycopodiaceae family, commonly found in the Euro-Asia region, were subjected to the isolation of bioactive compounds, their identification and subsequent evaluation of their anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities. Methanolic extracts of two Lycopodium and one Hupezia species were obtained via optimized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and then pre-purified using innovative gradient vacuum liquid chromatography (gVLC). For the first time, three sorbents of different porosity packed in polypropylene cartridges and mobile phase systems of different polarity were used to elute the target compounds. This technique proved to be a rapid tool for the obtainment of alkaloid fractions and allowed one to select the appropriate process conditions to yield potent AChE inhibitors in each of the species studied. More than 100 collected fractions were analyzed via HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, which enabled one to detect more than 50 compounds, including several new ones previously unreported. Some of them were present in high purity fractions (60-90% of the established purity). TLC bioautography assays proved that the analyzed species are rich sources of AChE inhibitors, but H. selago showed the highest anti-AChE activity. Additionally, the modified silanized silica gel sorbent used allowed one to isolate L. clavatum alkaloids more efficiently using an aqueous reversed-phase solvent system. Furthermore, the tested extracts from the three plant extracts were found to be safe, as they did not exhibit cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dymek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Vladyslav Vivcharenko
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.); (T.M.)
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Methods of isolation and bioactivity of alkaloids obtained from selected species belonging to the Amaryllidaceae and Lycopodiaceae families. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alkaloids obtained from plants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae and Lycopodiaceae families are of great interest due to their numerous properties. They play a very important role mainly due to their strong antioxidant, anxiolytic and anticholinesterase activities. The bioactive compounds obtained from these two families, especially galanthamine and huperzine A, have found application in the treatment of the common and incurable dementia-like Alzheimer’s disease. Thanks to this discovery, there has been a breakthrough in its treatment by significantly improving the patient’s quality of life and slowing down disease symptoms – albeit with no chance of a complete cure. Therefore, a continuous search for new compounds with potent anti-AChE activity is needed in modern medicine. In obtaining new therapeutic bioactive phytochemicals from plant material, the isolation process and its efficiency are crucial. Many techniques are known for isolating bioactive compounds and determining their amounts in complex samples. The most commonly utilized methods are extraction using different variants of organic solvents allied with chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. Optimization of these methods and modification of their procedures potentially allows researchers to obtain the expected results. The aim of this paper is to present known techniques for the isolation of alkaloids, especially from three species Narcissus, Lycopodium and Huperzia that are a rich source of AChE inhibitors. In addition, innovative combinations of chromatographic and spectrometric methods and novel TLC-bioautography will be presented to enable researchers to better study the bioactivity of alkaloids.
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Yang Y, Wang H, Yu H, Zhang H, Zhang G, Chang R, Chen A. Simultaneous separation and determination of three huperzine alkaloids in Huperzia serrata and its preparations by cyclodextrin-modified mixed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Anal Biochem 2021; 623:114207. [PMID: 33891962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and sensitive cyclodextrin-modified mixed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (CD-MEKC) method has been developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of Huperzine A (HupA), Huperzine B (HupB) and Huperzine C (HupC) in Huperzia serrata (H. serrata). The optimal conditions (pH 9.3) were composed of 10 mM sodium tetraborate solution, 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 50 mM sodium cholate (SC) and 3.0 mM mono-(6-ethylenediamine-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (ED-β-CD). The separation and determination process were performed on a P/ACE MDQ capillary electrophoresis system, the separation voltage was 15 kV, the temperature was 25 °C and the detection wavelength was 308 nm. Under the optimum conditions, the migration time was less than 9 min. The LOD and LOQ were between 0.38 and 0.80 μg/mL and 1.2-2.3 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method, with excellent precision and accuracy, was applied for the determination of three alkaloids in H. serrata and its formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hongfen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ruimiao Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
| | - Anjia Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China.
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Dymek A, Widelski J, Wojtanowski KK, Płoszaj P, Zhuravchak R, Mroczek T. Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids Obtained from Two Lycopodium Species. Molecules 2021; 26:1626. [PMID: 33804083 PMCID: PMC7998095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids of the Lycopodiaceae family are of great interest to researchers due to their numerous properties and wide applications in medicine. They play a very important role mainly due to their potent antioxidant, antidepressant effects and a reversible ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity. This property is of immense importance due to the growing problem of an increasing number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries and a lack of effective and efficient treatment for them. Numerous studies have shown that Lycopodiaceae alkaloids are a rich source of AChE inhibitors. In the obtaining of new therapeutic phytochemicals from plant material, the extraction process and its efficiency is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this work was to optimize the conditions of modern PLE to obtain bioactive alkaloids from two Lycopodium species: L. clavatum L. and L. annotinum L. Five different solvents of different polarity were used for prepared plant extracts in order to compare the alkaloid content in and thereby effectiveness of the entire extraction. PLE parameters were used based on multiple studies conducted that gave the highest alkaloids recovery. Crude extracts were purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Oasis HLB cartridge and examined by HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS of the highly abundant alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such high recoveries have been obtained for known Lycopodiaceae alkaloids. The best extraction results of alkaloid-lycopodine were detected in the dichloromethane extract from L. clavatum, where the yield exceeded 45%. The high recovery of annotinine above 40% presented in L. annotinum was noticed in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, chromatograms were obtained with all isolated alkaloids and the best separation and quality of the bands in methanolic extracts. Interestingly, no alkaloid amounts were detected in cyclohexane extracts belonging to the non-polar solvent. These results could be helpful for understanding and optimizing the best conditions for isolating potent AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dymek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Paulina Płoszaj
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Rostyslav Zhuravchak
- Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, Natural Boundary “Rozvylka”, 34500 Sarny, Rivne Region, Ukraine;
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Independent Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.P.); (T.M.)
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Wen-Xia H, Zhong-Wen H, Min J, Han Z, Wei-Ze L, Li-Bin Y, Fei L, Lu H, Ning Z, Xiao-Feng L. Five novel and highly efficient endophytic fungi isolated from Huperzia serrata expressing huperzine A for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9159-9177. [PMID: 32970179 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine A (Hup A) is an important drug for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mainly extracted from the Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis. (Lycopodiaceae) (HS). Nevertheless, the content of Hup A in HS is very low of 0.007% with growing circle of 8 to 10 years, and the chemical synthesis of Hup A still has some insurmountable limitations in the industrialized production. So, the available resources of Hup A for clinical treatment of AD are scarce. The purpose of this work was to construct a biosynthesis platform based on the endophytic fungi from HS. In this work, five endophytic fungi Mucor racemosus NSH-D, Mucor fragilis NSY-1, Fusarium verticillioides NSH-5, Fusarium oxysporum NSG-1, and Trichoderma harzianum NSW-V were firstly found and isolated from the Chinese folk medicine HS, which were identified according to their morphological characteristics and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. The highest efficient fungus could effectively biosynthesize Hup A in a liquid culture of 319.8 ± 0.17 mg/L which were 112 times higher than that of other reported conventional endophytic fungi. Moreover, these fungi with higher hereditary stability could possess the initial expressing ability of Hup A after 40 generations, and the expressed Hup A from these biosynthesis systems has prior physicochemical properties, a better inhibition activity of acetylcholinesterase and a lower cytotoxicity compared with the listed active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of Hup A. These results provide promising alternative resources for producing Hup A at an industrial scale by biosynthesis, and it may also shed light on millions of AD patients. KEY POINTS: • Five novel endophytic fungi with high stability could highly express prior Hup A Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wen-Xia
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhong-Wen
- Department of Oncology, Fushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tumor, Shijiazhuang, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Min
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wei-Ze
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li-Bin
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xinwang road 1, Weiyang Zone, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao-Feng
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Chen W, Li S, Xue Z, Zheng W, Guo Y. Antibacterial activity and preservative properties of thinned young apples extracts for fish flesh. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanfeng Xue
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Guo
- The College of Food Engineering and Nutritional ScienceShaanxi Normal UniversityShaanxi, Xi'an, 710119 People's Republic of China
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XIE XM, SUN WY, HUANG JY, Polachi N, TONG L, SUN GX. Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography-based Multidimensional Chromatography and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong Y, Zhao M, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhuang M, Chen H, Feng M, Lin L. Absorption and desorption behaviour of the flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf on macroporous adsorption resins. Food Chem 2014; 168:538-45. [PMID: 25172745 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of adsorption and desorption behaviours of five macroporous resins for enriching flavonoids from Glycyrrhizaglabra L. leaf were investigated. All five resins showed similar and effective adsorption and desorption properties. A pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for evaluating the whole adsorption process. Additionally, two representative resins (XAD-16 and SP825) were chosen for adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of the representative resins was an exothermic and physical adsorption process. Further column chromatography of XAD-16 and SP825 showed that the total flavonoids (from 16.8% to 55.6% by XAD-16 and to 53.9% by SP825) and pinocembrin (from 5.49% to 15.2% by XAD-16 and to 19.8% by SP825) were enriched in 90% ethanol fractions. Meanwhile, the antioxidant capacities and nitrite-scavenging capacities were 2-3times higher than those of the crude extract. The fractions with high flavonoid and pinocembrin contents could be used as biologically active ingredients in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Pulp & Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhuang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengying Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Pohanka M. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase meet immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9809-25. [PMID: 24893223 PMCID: PMC4100123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. More recent use is for myasthenia gravis. Many of these inhibitors interact with the second known cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Further, evidence shows that acetylcholine plays a role in suppression of cytokine release through a “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” which raises questions about the role of these inhibitors in the immune system. This review covers research and discussion of the role of the inhibitors in modulating the immune response using as examples the commonly available drugs, donepezil, galantamine, huperzine, neostigmine and pyridostigmine. Major attention is given to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a well-described link between the central nervous system and terminal effector cells in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic.
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12
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Wang L, Xu Q, Su S, Liu J, Feng Y, Li X, Zhu W, Yang S. Simultaneous Purification of Pulchinenoside B4 and B5 from Pulsatilla chinensis Using Macroporous Resin and Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302165v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sheng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangyun Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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