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Cao J, Balluff B, Arts M, Dubois LJ, van Loon LJC, Hackeng TM, van Eijk HMH, Eijkel G, Heij LR, Soons Z, Olde Damink SWM, Heeren RMA. Mass spectrometry imaging of L-[ring- 13C 6]-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 34116702 PMCID: PMC8193875 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a common phenomenon in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Amino acids are important mediators in cancer metabolism, and their kinetics in tumor tissue are far from being understood completely. Mass spectrometry imaging is capable to spatiotemporally trace important endogenous metabolites in biological tissue specimens. In this research, we studied L-[ring-13C6]-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics in a human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) xenografted mouse model using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-FTICR-MSI). METHODS We investigated the L-[ring-13C6]-Phenylalanine (13C6-Phe) and L-[ring-13C6]-Tyrosine (13C6-Tyr) kinetics at 10 min (n = 4), 30 min (n = 3), and 60 min (n = 4) after tracer injection and sham-treated group (n = 3) at 10 min in mouse-xenograft lung tumor tissues by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. RESULTS The dynamic changes in the spatial distributions of 19 out of 20 standard amino acids are observed in the tumor tissue. The highest abundance of 13C6-Phe was detected in tumor tissue at 10 min after tracer injection and decreased progressively over time. The overall enrichment of 13C6-Tyr showed a delayed temporal trend compared to 13C6-Phe in tumor caused by the Phe-to-Tyr conversion process. Specifically, 13C6-Phe and 13C6-Tyr showed higher abundances in viable tumor regions compared to non-viable regions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the spatiotemporal intra-tumoral distribution of the essential aromatic amino acid 13C6-Phe and its de-novo synthesized metabolite 13C6-Tyr by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. Our results explore for the first time local phenylalanine metabolism in the context of cancer tissue morphology. This opens a new way to understand amino acid metabolism within the tumor and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Cao
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arts
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M H van Eijk
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Eijkel
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara R Heij
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zita Soons
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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The effect of physical activity level and exercise training on the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids and intrahepatic lipid content in participants with obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1510-1520. [PMID: 33935282 PMCID: PMC8236400 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate whether the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) was affected by physical activity level. Furthermore, to investigate if a conventional exercise training program, a subcategory of physical activity, could lower plasma BCAA along with alterations in IHL content in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Methods To investigate the effect of physical activity on the association between plasma BCAA and IHL content, linear regression analyses were performed in 1983 individuals from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) stratified by physical activity frequency. Furthermore, the effect of a 12-week supervised combined aerobic resistance-exercise program on plasma BCAA, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp), and IHL (proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)) was investigated in seven patients with T2DM, seven individuals with NAFL and seven BMI-matched control participants (CON). Results We observed positive associations between plasma valine, isoleucine and leucine level, and IHL content (1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.61), and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.64) times IHL, respectively, per standard deviation of plasma amino acid level). Similar associations were observed in less active versus more active individuals. Exercise training did not change plasma BCAA levels among groups, but reduced IHL content in NAFL (from 11.6 ± 3.0% pre-exercise to 8.1 ± 2.0% post exercise, p < 0.05) and CON (from 2.4 ± 0.6% pre-exercise to 1.6 ± 1.4% post exercise, p < 0.05), and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity in NAFL as well by ~23% (p < 0.05). Conclusions The association between plasma BCAA levels and IHL is not affected by physical activity level. Exercise training reduced IHL without affecting plasma BCAA levels in individuals with NAFL and CON. We conclude that exercise training-induced reduction in IHL content is not related to changes in plasma BCAA levels. Trial registration Trial registry number: NCT01317576.
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Vanweert F, de Ligt M, Hoeks J, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Elevated Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Correlate With Type 2 Diabetes-Related Metabolic Disturbances. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1827-e1836. [PMID: 33079174 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have elevated plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. The underlying cause, however, is not known. Low mitochondrial oxidation of BCAA levels could contribute to higher plasma BCAA levels. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate ex vivo muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and in vivo BCAA oxidation measured by whole-body leucine oxidation rates in patients with T2DM, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and control participants (CONs) with overweight or obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING An observational, community-based study was conducted. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen patients with T2DM, 13 FDR, and 17 CONs were included (age, 40-70 years; body mass index, 27-35 kg/m2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES High-resolution respirometry was used to examine ex vivo mitochondrial oxidative capacity in permeabilized muscle fibers. A subgroup of 5 T2DM patients and 5 CONs underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps combined with 1-13C leucine-infusion to determine whole-body leucine oxidation. RESULTS Total BCAA levels were higher in patients with T2DM compared to CONs, but not in FDRs, and correlated negatively with muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (r = -0.44, P < .001). Consistently, whole-body leucine oxidation rate was lower in patients with T2DM vs CON under basal conditions (0.202 ± 0.049 vs 0.275 ± 0.043 μmol kg-1 min-1, P < .05) and tended to be lower during high insulin infusion (0.326 ± 0.024 vs 0.382 ± 0.013 μmol kg-1 min-1, P = .075). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, a compromised whole-body leucine oxidation rate supports our hypothesis that higher plasma BCAA levels may originate at least partly from a low mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies de Ligt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University and Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush M, Vahdat Shariatpanahi Z. Association of intestinal permeability with admission vitamin D deficiency in patients who are critically ill. J Investig Med 2019; 68:397-402. [PMID: 31672717 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data have led to the hypothesis that vitamin D plays a role in promoting epithelial barrier dysfunction. Therefore, intestinal permeability becomes a significant determiner in the future of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). The relationship between vitamin D and intestinal permeability remains unclear in patients who are critically ill. The aim of the study is to document the relationship between the admission vitamin D deficiency and markers of intestinal permeability in the critical care setting. This was a single-center, observational, prospective study in the general ICU of a university-affiliated hospital. A sample of 144 ICU-hospitalized adult patients was recruited between January and May 2018. The admission serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured and categorized as <20 and ≥20 ng/dL, respectively. Moreover, the admission plasma endotoxin and zonulin concentrations as markers of intestinal permeability were determined in stringent conditions. The association between markers of intestinal permeability and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was assessed adjusting for potential confounders through an estimation of a binary logistic regression model. Our results showed that median plasma endotoxin and zonulin decreased with increasing serum levels of vitamin D categories (p=0.001) in the overall study population. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between the plasma endotoxin (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.52) and zonulin (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.99) levels with serum levels of vitamin D categories in the overall population. Our finding suggests a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and early alterations in intestinal permeability. Thus, evaluating vitamin D levels in patients who are critically ill may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Makino Y, Urano Y, Kaneko K. Trial analysis of drug profiling by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to establish the origin of ephedrines used as precursors for illicit production of methamphetamine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:995-1005. [PMID: 30849207 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We investigated whether chemical information on the origin of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (ephedrines) can be acquired by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as a substitute method for stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is not routinely available in forensic laboratories. We examined the characteristic inorganic elemental contaminants of ephedrines as a preliminary study. METHODS The stable isotope ratios measured by IRMS analysis are expressed relative to the stable isotope ratios of conventional standards. Referring to the method using validated standard samples in IRMS, we selected a standard sample for acquiring stable isotopic ratio by LC/MS. The abundance ratio of the [M + 2H]+ ion to the [M + H]+ ion was measured by means of selected ion monitoring. We carried out qualitative analysis of inorganic elements contained in ephedrines produced by different manufacturing methods with ICPMS. RESULTS We found that the ratio of stable isotope ion to molecular ion (stable isotope ratio) of ephedrines could be measured with LC/MS. The stable isotope ratio of ephedrines determined by LC/MS were confirmed to show relatively good correlations with the carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios found by IR-MS. We identified strontium as a characteristic inorganic element contained in ephedrines prepared by the semisynthetic method from molasses, or in the biosynthetic method from ephedra plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that useful chemical information can be obtained by LC/MS, which is easy to carry out, and is generally available in forensic laboratories. It would be worthwhile to investigate the usefulness of stable isotope ratio measurements of Sr in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Makino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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Association of intestinal permeability with a NUTRIC score in critically ill patients. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:1-8. [PMID: 30925269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of intestinal permeability with the Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score and the modified NUTRIC score (mNUTRIC) in intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients. METHODS One hundred and fifty ICU hospitalized adult patients admitted between October 2017 and April 2018 who stayed for >24 h in the general ICU were enrolled in the study. Nutrition status was estimated using the NUTRIC score, an ICU-specific nutrition risk assessment tool. The NUTRIC score was calculated using the exact same thresholds and point system as developed previously. Admission plasma endotoxin and zonulin concentrations were measured to assess intestinal permeability. RESULTS Median plasma endotoxin and zonulin increased with increasing mNUTRIC and NUTRIC categories in the overall study population and in the glutamine-deficient subgroup. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between the plasma endotoxin (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3.52) and zonulin (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20) levels with NUTRIC category in the overall population and the glutamine-deficient subgroup. Similar results were obtained when using mNUTRIC. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study provided evidence that higher plasma endotoxin and zonulin levels are associated with a progressively higher NUTRIC score in critically ill patients.
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Shariatpanahi ZV, Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Baghestani AR. Effects of Early Enteral Glutamine Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019; 23:356-362. [PMID: 31485104 PMCID: PMC6709840 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Enteral administration of glutamine has been proposed as an effective recovery of intestinal barrier function. This amino acid has a modulating effect on the reducing bacterial translocation, which can influence immune functions of the intestine. The objective was to evaluate the effects of early enteral glutamine supplementation on intestinal permeability in critically ill patients. Materials and methods A total of 80 critically ill patients older than 18 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the stratified blocked randomization by age and admission category. Consecutive participants took enteral formula plus 0.3 g/kg/day glutamine powder or enteral formula plus maltodextrin during the ICU stay for a maximum of 10 days. Plasma glutamine, endotoxin, zonulin, and antiendotoxin immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM concentrations were measured on days 5 and 10 of intervention. Results Out of 80 participants, 36 patients in the glutamine group and 34 patients in the control group were included in the analysis of the outcomes. Enteral glutamine significantly reduced plasma zonulin concentration up to 40% during 10 days. This reduction was significantly greater compared with that of the placebo group (p<0.001). Endotoxin concentration decreased in both groups; this reduction was significantly greater in the glutamine group (p = 0.014). The antiendotoxin IgM and IgG antibody levels increased in the glutamine group but decreased in the control group (p <0.001). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups. Conclusion Early enteral glutamine supplementation led to a declined intestinal permeability in critically ill patients. How to cite this article Shariatpanahi ZV, Eslamian G, Ardehali SH, Baghestani AR. Effects of Early Enteral Glutamine Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(8):356-362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Eslamian
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Baghestani
- Department of Biostatistics, Physiotherapy Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arts M, Soons Z, Ellis SR, Pierzchalski KA, Balluff B, Eijkel GB, Dubois LJ, Lieuwes NG, Agten SM, Hackeng TM, van Loon LJC, Heeren RMA, Olde Damink SWM. Detection of Localized Hepatocellular Amino Acid Kinetics by using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Stable Isotopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Arts
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Zita Soons
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Shane R. Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I); Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry; Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Keely A. Pierzchalski
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I); Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry; Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I); Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry; Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Gert B. Eijkel
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I); Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry; Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO, GROW); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G. Lieuwes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO, GROW); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Stijn M. Agten
- Department of Biochemistry (CARIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry (CARIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. C. van Loon
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I); Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry; Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM); Maastricht University; Postbus 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; 52075 Aachen Germany
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Arts M, Soons Z, Ellis SR, Pierzchalski KA, Balluff B, Eijkel GB, Dubois LJ, Lieuwes NG, Agten SM, Hackeng TM, van Loon LJC, Heeren RMA, Olde Damink SWM. Detection of Localized Hepatocellular Amino Acid Kinetics by using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Stable Isotopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7146-7150. [PMID: 28493648 PMCID: PMC6099435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) simultaneously detects and identifies the spatial distribution of numerous molecules throughout tissues. Currently, MSI is limited to providing a static and ex vivo snapshot of highly dynamic systems in which molecules are constantly synthesized and consumed. Herein, we demonstrate an innovative MSI methodology to study dynamic molecular changes of amino acids within biological tissues by measuring the dilution and conversion of stable isotopes in a mouse model. We evaluate the method specifically on hepatocellular metabolism of the essential amino acid l-phenylalanine, associated with liver diseases. Crucially, the method reveals the localized dynamics of l-phenylalanine metabolism, including its in vivo hydroxylation to l-tyrosine and co-localization with other liver metabolites in a time course of samples from different animals. This method thus enables the dynamics of localized biochemical synthesis to be studied directly from biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Arts
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zita Soons
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shane R Ellis
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Keely A Pierzchalski
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert B Eijkel
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO, GROW), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO, GROW), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn M Agten
- Department of Biochemistry (CARIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry (CARIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of General Surgery (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52075, Aachen, Germany
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Enteral Glutamine Administration in Critically Ill Nonseptic Patients Does Not Trigger Arginine Synthesis. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:1373060. [PMID: 27200186 PMCID: PMC4855021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1373060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine supplementation in specific groups of critically ill patients results in favourable clinical outcome. Enhancement of citrulline and arginine synthesis by glutamine could serve as a potential mechanism. However, while receiving optimal enteral nutrition, uptake and enteral metabolism of glutamine in critically ill patients remain unknown. Therefore we investigated the effect of a therapeutically relevant dose of L-glutamine on synthesis of L-citrulline and subsequent L-arginine in this group. Ten versus ten critically ill patients receiving full enteral nutrition, or isocaloric isonitrogenous enteral nutrition including 0.5 g/kg L-alanyl-L-glutamine, were studied using stable isotopes. A cross-over design using intravenous and enteral tracers enabled splanchnic extraction (SE) calculations. Endogenous rate of appearance and SE of glutamine citrulline and arginine was not different (SE controls versus alanyl-glutamine: glutamine 48 and 48%, citrulline 33 versus 45%, and arginine 45 versus 42%). Turnover from glutamine to citrulline and arginine was not higher in glutamine-administered patients. In critically ill nonseptic patients receiving adequate nutrition and a relevant dose of glutamine there was no extra citrulline or arginine synthesis and glutamine SE was not increased. This suggests that for arginine synthesis enhancement there is no need for an additional dose of glutamine when this population is adequately fed. This trial is registered with NTR2285.
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Oosterink JE, Buijs N, van Goudoever JB, Schierbeek H. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of concentration and enrichment of NO synthesis-specific amino acids in human plasma using stable isotopes and LC/MS ion trap analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Applications and impacts of stable isotope probing for analysis of microbial interactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4817-28. [PMID: 24715147 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Probing the interactions between microbes and their environment with stable isotopes became a powerful technique over the last years. While quadruple mass spectrometry or isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) require at least 300,000 bacterial cells, analysis at the single-cell level is possible with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or Raman microspectrometry. While SIMS needs enrichments of more than 0.1 and Raman microscopy of more than 25 at.-%, IRMS can deal with 0.0001 at.-%. To find out who eats what, one has to discern between the different species in a community. Several methods have been introduced to discern between the different taxa in microbial communities, e.g., by using fatty acids as biomarkers, density centrifugation of DNA/RNA, or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with phylogenetic probes. While the biomarker approach can be coupled with the high sensitivity of the IRMS, the DNA approach gives in general a better phylogenetic resolution of the metabolic active microbes. A combination of both is the separation via coupling of FISH-probes to magnetic beads or fluorescent assisted cell sorting (FACS) of stained cells leading to fractions which can be analyzed by IRMS. Applying these techniques over a time course can reveal the metabolic kinetics and food webs. In this review, the different methods are presented with examples and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. An outlook on the combination of the various techniques and their applications in microbial ecology is given.
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Jover-Cobos M, Noiret L, Lee K, Sharma V, Habtesion A, Romero-Gomez M, Davies N, Jalan R. Ornithine phenylacetate targets alterations in the expression and activity of glutamine synthase and glutaminase to reduce ammonia levels in bile duct ligated rats. J Hepatol 2014; 60:545-53. [PMID: 24512823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In liver failure, ammonia homeostasis is dependent upon the function of the ammonia metabolising enzymes, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutaminase (GA) but data about their protein expression and activity are lacking. The aims of this study were to determine the protein expression and activity of GS and GA in individual organs in a rat model of chronic liver disease and to test whether the treatment with the ammonia-lowering agent ornithine phenylacetate (OP) modulates their activities. METHODS 49 SD rats were studied 35 days after sham-operation or bile duct ligation (BDL). The BDL group received: L-ornithine (0.6 mg/kg/day), Phenylacetate (0.6 mg/kg/day), OP (0.6 mg/kg/day) or placebo (saline) for 5 days prior to sacrifice. Arterial ammonia, amino acids and liver biochemistry were measured. Expressions of GS and GA were determined by Western-blotting and activities by end-point methods in liver, muscle, gut, kidney, lung, and frontal cortex. RESULTS In BDL rats, hepatic GS enzyme activity was reduced by more than 80% compared to sham rats. Further, in BDL rats GA activity was reduced in liver but increased in the gut, muscle and frontal cortex compared to sham rats. OP treatment resulted in a reduction in hyperammonemia in BDL rats, associated with increased GS activity in the muscle and reduced gut GA activity. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of chronic liver failure, hyperammonemia is associated with inadequate compensation by liver and muscle GS activity and increased gut GA activity. OP reduces plasma ammonia by increasing GS in the muscle and reducing GA activity in the gut providing additional insights into its mechanism of its action. GS and GA may serve as important future therapeutic targets for hyperammonemia in liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jover-Cobos
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Noiret
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom; COMPLEX CoMPLEX, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - K Lee
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - V Sharma
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Habtesion
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Romero-Gomez
- CIBEREHD, UCM Digestive Diseases, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - N Davies
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College of London (UCL), Pond Street, London, United Kingdom.
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