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Appel (Kohn) BN, Gottmann J, Schäfer J, Bunzel M. Absorption and metabolism of modified mycotoxins of alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and zearalenone in Caco‐2 cells. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Nadine Appel (Kohn)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jörg Gottmann
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute of Applied Biosciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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Involvement of Organic Cation Transporter 2 and a Na +-dependent active transporter in p-tyramine transport across Caco-2 intestinal cells. Life Sci 2020; 253:117696. [PMID: 32334013 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have previously demonstrated that p-tyramine (TYR), an endogenous trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist, passage across neuronal membranes involves a transporter exhibiting the pharmacological profile of Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2). Since TYR is also a constituent of foodstuffs and produced by the intestinal microbiota, here we have investigated whether similar processes are involved in the passage of 100 nM TYR across apical and basolateral membranes of the Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS [3H]TYR transport across apical and basolateral membranes of Caco-2 cell monolayers was measured in the presence of inhibitors of TYR metabolizing enzymes. Cellular, apical, and basolateral compartments were collected at various timepoints, TYR concentrations calculated, and transport properties pharmacologically characterized. KEY FINDINGS Apical transport resulted in equimolar accumulation of TYR within cells. Pentamidine (OCT1/OCT2 inhibitor) decreased apical transport (P = 0.001) while atropine (OCT1 inhibitor) had no effect, suggesting apical transport involved OCT2. In contrast, basolateral transport resulted in 500-1000 nM cellular concentrations (P < 0.0001) indicating the presence of an active transporter. Replacement of Na+ on an equimolar basis with choline resulted in loss of TYR transport (P = 0.017). Unexpectedly, this active transport was also atropine-sensitive (P = 0.020). Kinetic analysis of the active transporter revealed Vmax = 43.0 nM/s with a Kt = 33.1 nM. SIGNIFICANCE We have demonstrated for the first time that TYR is transported across Caco-2 apical membranes via facilitated diffusion by OCT2, whereas transport across basolateral membranes is by a Na+-dependent, atropine-sensitive, active transporter.
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Akdag Y, Gulsun T, Izat N, Cetin M, Oner L, Sahin S. Characterization and comparison of deferasirox fast disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression and lyophilization methods. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Süleymanoğlu M, Kaya B, Erdem-Kuruca S, Ülküseven B. Iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes of tetradentate thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, structure, cytotoxicity, and lipophilicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22383. [PMID: 31392809 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen of the iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazidato ligands were synthesized and described, by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Two complexes as an example to the iron and nickel centered ones were crystallographically analyzed to confirm the molecular structures. Cytotoxic effects of the complexes on K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For comparison, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used as a noncancerous cell line. While four of the iron(III) complexes exhibited the antileukemic effect with 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50 ) values in the 3.4 to 6.9 μg/mL range on K562 cell line, the nickel(II) complexes showed no significant effect on both cell lines. The complexes Fe4, Fe5, and Fe6, bearing 4-methoxy substituent exhibited relatively high antiproliferative activity on both cell lines. Complex Fe3 with 3-methoxy and S-allyl groups exhibited a selectivity between K562 and HUVEC cells by IC50 values of 6.9 and >10 μg/mL, respectively. Lipophilicity, a key parameter for bioavailability and oral administration, was found in the range of -0.3 and +1.3 that desired for drug active ingredients. The results were discussed in the context of a structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Süleymanoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Erdem-Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ülküseven
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bhujbal S, Dash AK. Metformin-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Nanostructure for Oral Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2543-2553. [PMID: 29948986 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a nanodelivery system containing a mucoadhesive polymer hyaluronic acid (HA) for oral delivery. Metformin was used as a model drug. Blank and drug-loaded HA nanostructures were prepared by precipitation method and characterized for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), physical stability (over 65 days), surface morphology, moisture content, and physical state of the drug in the nanostructures. The cytotoxicity and hemolysis potential of the delivery system was assessed in Caco-2 cells and whole human blood, respectively. The in vitro release of metformin and its uptake in Caco-2 cells was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Ex vivo permeability of metformin was measured through goat intestinal membrane. The nanoparticles were physically stable and neutrally charged with an average PS of 114.53 ± 12.01 nm. This nanodelivery system existed as nanofibers containing metformin in a crystalline state. This delivery system released the drug rapidly with > 50% of metformin released within 1 h. Cellular uptake studies on Caco-2 cells indicated higher uptake of metformin from nanoparticle as compared to metformin in solution, up to first 45 min. Ex vivo permeability studies on the other hand showed a higher metformin permeability from solution relative to that from nanoparticles through the goat intestinal membrane. Metformin nanoparticles were non-toxic at therapeutic concentrations in Caco-2 cells and showed no hemolytic effect to RBCs. This study indicates the preparation, characterization, as well as the potential use of HA nanostructures for oral delivery.
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Dumoga S, Dey N, Kaur A, Singh S, Mishra AK, Kakkar D. Novel biotin-functionalized lipidic nanocarriers for encapsulating BpT and Bp4eT iron chelators: evaluation of potential anti-tumour efficacy by in vitro, in vivo and pharmacokinetic studies in A549 mice models. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a novel strategy for delivery of iron chelators to the tumour cells which is exemplified in A549 mice models by using lipidic nanocarriers and introducing biotin based targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dumoga
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
| | - Namit Dey
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | - Anivind Kaur
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | | | - Anil K. Mishra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
| | - Dipti Kakkar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Timarpur
- Delhi-110054
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Hariri E, Mahboubi A, Fathi M, Rahmani P, Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani K, Babaeian M, Mashayekhi V, Kobarfard F. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Hydroxy Semicarbazone Derivatives. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:29-35. [PMID: 28228801 PMCID: PMC5242349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydroxyl semicarbazone derivatives of substituted diaryl ketones and acetophenones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic methods including elemental analysis, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The derivatives were prepared by a condensation reaction between N-hydroxy semicarbazide and substituted diaryl ketones or acetophenones leading to the desired hydroxysemicarbazones with excellent purity. The synthesized hydrazones were then evaluated for their inhibitory activity against bacterial strains including S. aureus, E. Coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and M. luteus. Among the tested derivatives, compounds 2, 6 and 7 exhibited the highest bioactivity. Analysis of the activity data suggests that hydrophilicity is an important factor for the bioactivity of compounds 2 and 6 and also their selectivity over the gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Arash Mahboubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Anestesiology, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Babaeian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. ,
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Lin H, Yu X, Eng OS, Buckley B, Kong ANT, Bertino JR, Carpizo DR, Gounder MK. A sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry bioanalytical assay for a novel anticancer candidate--ZMC1. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1708-14. [PMID: 25944179 PMCID: PMC5481844 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ZMC1 {azetidinecarbothioic acid, [1-(2-pyridinyl) ethylidene] hydrazide} is a lead compound being developed as one of the first mutant p53 targeted anti-cancer drugs. Establishing a precise quantitative method is an integral component of this development. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive LC/MS/MS assay suitable for assessing purity, stability and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of ZMC1. Acetonitrile protein precipitation extraction was chosen for plasma sample preparation with satisfactory recovery (84.2-92.8%) for ZMC1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Xterra C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) using a gradient elution with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. ZMC1 and internal standard 2-amino-6-bromobenzothiazole were identified using selected-ion monitoring mode at m/z 235.2/178.2 and m/z 231.0/150.0 at retention times of 5.2 and 6.3 min, respectively. The method was validated with a linearity range of 3.9-500.0 ng/mL in human plasma and showed acceptable reproducibility with intra- and interday precisions <5.9 and 10.5%, and accuracy within ±5.4% of nominal values. This analytical method together with basic stability data in plasma and plasma binding experiments provides a reliable protocol for the study of ZMC1 pharmacokinetics. This will greatly facilitate the pre-clinical development of this novel anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Lin
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Oliver S. Eng
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Chemical Analytical Core Laboratory, EOSHI, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Darren R. Carpizo
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Murugesan K. Gounder
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Potůčková E, Roh J, Macháček M, Sahni S, Stariat J, Šesták V, Jansová H, Hašková P, Jirkovská A, Vávrová K, Kovaříková P, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Šimůnek T. In Vitro Characterization of the Pharmacological Properties of the Anti-Cancer Chelator, Bp4eT, and Its Phase I Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139929. [PMID: 26460540 PMCID: PMC4604124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a high iron requirement and many experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that iron chelators are potential anti-cancer agents. The ligand, 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT), demonstrates both potent anti-neoplastic and anti-retroviral properties. In this study, Bp4eT and its recently identified amidrazone and semicarbazone metabolites were examined and compared with respect to their anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells (HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma), non-cancerous cells (H9c2 neonatal rat-derived cardiomyoblasts and 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts) and their interaction with intracellular iron pools. Bp4eT was demonstrated to be a highly potent and selective anti-neoplastic agent that induces S phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Both semicarbazone and amidrazone metabolites showed at least a 300-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity than Bp4eT towards both cancer and normal cell lines. The metabolites also lost the ability to: (1) promote the redox cycling of iron; (2) bind and mobilize iron from labile intracellular pools; and (3) prevent 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-labeled transferrin by MCF-7 cells. Hence, this study demonstrates that the highly active ligand, Bp4eT, is metabolized to non-toxic and pharmacologically inactive analogs, which most likely contribute to its favorable pharmacological profile. These findings are important for the further development of this drug candidate and contribute to the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Potůčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ján Stariat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Šesták
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
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Phenyl-1-Pyridin-2yl-ethanone-based iron chelators increase IκB-α expression, modulate CDK2 and CDK9 activities, and inhibit HIV-1 transcription. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6558-71. [PMID: 25155598 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02918-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transcription is activated by the Tat protein, which recruits CDK9/cyclin T1 to the HIV-1 promoter. CDK9 is phosphorylated by CDK2, which facilitates formation of the high-molecular-weight positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex. We previously showed that chelation of intracellular iron inhibits CDK2 and CDK9 activities and suppresses HIV-1 transcription, but the mechanism of the inhibition was not understood. In the present study, we tested a set of novel iron chelators for the ability to inhibit HIV-1 transcription and elucidated their mechanism of action. Novel phenyl-1-pyridin-2yl-ethanone (PPY)-based iron chelators were synthesized and examined for their effects on cellular iron, HIV-1 inhibition, and cytotoxicity. Activities of CDK2 and CDK9, expression of CDK9-dependent and CDK2-inhibitory mRNAs, NF-κB expression, and HIV-1- and NF-κB-dependent transcription were determined. PPY-based iron chelators significantly inhibited HIV-1, with minimal cytotoxicity, in cultured and primary cells chronically or acutely infected with HIV-1 subtype B, but they had less of an effect on HIV-1 subtype C. Iron chelators upregulated the expression of IκB-α, with increased accumulation of cytoplasmic NF-κB. The iron chelators inhibited CDK2 activity and reduced the amount of CDK9/cyclin T1 in the large P-TEFb complex. Iron chelators reduced HIV-1 Gag and Env mRNA synthesis but had no effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription. In addition, iron chelators moderately inhibited basal HIV-1 transcription, equally affecting HIV-1 and Sp1- or NF-κB-driven transcription. By virtue of their involvement in targeting several key steps in HIV-1 transcription, these novel iron chelators have the potential for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Stępnik KE, Malinowska I, Rój E. in vitro and in silico determination of oral, jejunum and Caco-2 human absorption of fatty acids and polyphenols. Micellar liquid chromatography. Talanta 2014; 130:265-73. [PMID: 25159408 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation chosen saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as polyphenols have been analyzed. The main aim of this study was to determine oral, jejunum and Caco-2 human absorption of chosen fatty acids and polyphenols using in vitro and in silico methods. For in vitro determination of human drug absorption, the usefulness of Micellar Liquid Chromatography (MLC) with mobile phases containing different surfactants (including Brij35-Biopartitioning Micellar Chromatography (BMC)) has been confirmed. On the basis of Foley's equation, 1/k vs. CM correlations for the tested compounds have been done. Satisfactory linearity of the relationships was found over the whole eluents composition range studied with R(2) approximately 0.99 in each case. Moreover, the analyte-micelle association constants (Kma) from Foley's equation have been compared for different micellar environments, containing Brij35, SDS and CTAB as a main component of micellar mobile phases. Completely new models describing human oral as well as Caco-2 and jejunum absorption have been constructed and compared with the cited models. These models are based on the Abraham descriptors and lipophilicity parameters as well as steric descriptors. Furthermore, many different correlations between physicochemical parameters and human intestinal absorption have been done, e.g. the correlation between human jejunum permeability estimated in silico and received using LSER parameters was excellent (R(2) nearly 0.99). Chromatographic parameters have been collated with steric, electronic and physicochemical ones using QRAR (Quantitative Retention - Activity Relationships) and QSAR (Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationships) models. Moreover, retention BMC data have been compared with lipophilicity parameter logPo/w (n-octanol-water partition coefficient). The influence of lipophilicity on oral absorption (%) has been checked. The correlation between predicted oral absorption (%) and logPo/w has been done. Obtained R(2) was 0.82. On the basis of chromatographic, lipophilicity, steric and different physicochemical parameters, the principal components analysis (PCA) has been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna E Stępnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Planar Chromatography, Maria Curie - Skłodowska University, M. Curie - Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Irena Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Planar Chromatography, Maria Curie - Skłodowska University, M. Curie - Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edward Rój
- Fertilizer Research Institute, Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave.13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
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Stariat J, Suprunová V, Roh J, Šesták V, Eisner T, Filipský T, Mladěnka P, Nobilis M, Šimůnek T, Klimeš J, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Kovaříková P. Simultaneous determination of the novel thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer agent, Bp4eT, and its main phase I metabolites in plasma: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:621-9. [PMID: 24254882 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel thiosemicarbazone metal chelators are extensively studied anti-cancer agents with marked and selective activity against a wide variety of cancer cells, as well as human tumor xenografts in mice. This study describes the first validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT) and its main metabolites (E/Z isomers of the semicarbazone structure, M1-E and M1-Z, and the amidrazone metabolite, M2) in plasma. Separation was achieved using a C18 column with ammonium formate/acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase. Plasma samples were treated using solid-phase extraction on 96-well plates. This method was validated over the concentration range of 0.18-2.80 μM for Bp4eT, 0.02-0.37 μM for both M1-E and M1-Z, and 0.10-1.60 μM for M2. This methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from in vivo experiments, allowing for the concentration-time profile to be simultaneously assessed for the parent drug and its metabolites. The current study addresses the lack of knowledge regarding the quantitative analysis of thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer drugs and their metabolites in plasma and provides the first pharmacokinetic data on a lead compound of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Stariat
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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