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Babou Kammoe RB, Sévigny J. Extracellular nucleotides in smooth muscle contraction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116005. [PMID: 38142836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are crucial signalling molecules, eliciting diverse biological responses in almost all organs and tissues. These molecules exert their effects by activating specific nucleotide receptors, which are finely regulated by ectonucleotidases that break down their ligands. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the relevance of extracellular nucleotides as signalling molecules in the context of smooth muscle contraction, considering the modulatory influence of ectonucleotidases on this intricate process. Specifically, we provide a detailed examination of the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in the contraction of non-vascular smooth muscles, including those found in the urinary bladder, the airways, the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we present a broader overview of the role of extracellular nucleotides in vascular smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Brice Babou Kammoe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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2
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Lee SY, Namasivayam V, Boshta NM, Perotti A, Mirza S, Bua S, Supuran CT, Müller CE. Discovery of potent nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase3 (NPP3) inhibitors with ancillary carbonic anhydrase inhibition for cancer (immuno)therapy. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1187-1206. [PMID: 34355184 PMCID: PMC8292979 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase3 (NPP3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. It is expressed by immune cells and some carcinomas, e.g. of kidney and colon. Together with ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), NPP3 produces immunosuppressive, cancer-promoting adenosine, and has therefore been proposed as a target for cancer therapy. Here we report on the discovery of 4-[(4-methylphthalazin-1-yl)amino]benzenesulfonamide (1) as an inhibitor of human NPP3 identified by compound library screening. Subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the potent competitive NPP3 inhibitor 2-methyl-5-{4-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)amino]phthalazin-1-yl}benzenesulfonamide (23, K i 53.7 nM versus the natural substrate ATP). Docking studies predicted its binding pose and interactions. While 23 displayed high selectivity versus other ecto-nucleotidases, it showed ancillary inhibition of two proposed anti-cancer targets, the carbonic anhydrases CA-II (Ki 74.7 nM) and CA-IX (Ki 20.3 nM). Thus, 23 may act as multi-target anti-cancer drug. SARs for NPP3 were steeper than for CAs leading to the identification of potent dual CA-II/CA-IX (e.g. 34) as well as selective CA-IX inhibitors (e.g. 31).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
| | - Nader M Boshta
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Gamal Abdel-Nasser Street Shebin El-Kom 32511 Egypt
| | - Arianna Perotti
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 7,50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze Via Ugo Schiff 7,50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany +49 228 73 2567 +49 228 73 2301
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Fluorescence Differentiation of ATP-related Multiple Enzymatic Activities in Synovial Fluid as a Marker of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease using Kyoto Green. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051116. [PMID: 32131555 PMCID: PMC7179203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a crystal induced inflammation in joints, and causes severe pain in elderly people. The accumulation of pyrophosphate (PPi) in synovial fluid (SF) results from several enzymatic reactions, especially the highly activated e-NPPs, which catalyze the conversion of ATP to PPi. This study demonstrates the detection of relative catalytic activity of 3 enzymes—ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (e-NPPs), tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (e-NTPDases)—using a single molecular sensor called Kyoto Green. Kyoto Green exhibits excellent performance in sensing the catalytic activity of the commercial representatives of the e-NPPs, TNAP, and e-NTPDases, which are ENPP1, PPase, and apyrase, respectively, in both single-enzyme and multi-enzyme assays. Analysis of SF enzymes in 19 SF samples from human and swine revealed moderate activity of e-NPPs, high activity of e-NTPDases, and low activity of TNAP. Our newly developed method for analysis of multiple enzymatic activities using Kyoto Green in biological SF will assist improvement in accuracy of the CPPD prognosis/diagnosis, which will minimize unnecessary medical procedures.
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Tang M, Xu J, Xu Z. Simultaneous determination of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and insights into the effects of BGE component. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gattu S, Crihfield CL, Lu G, Bwanali L, Veltri LM, Holland LA. Advances in enzyme substrate analysis with capillary electrophoresis. Methods 2018; 146:93-106. [PMID: 29499329 PMCID: PMC6098732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis provides a rapid, cost-effective platform for enzyme and substrate characterization. The high resolution achievable by capillary electrophoresis enables the analysis of substrates and products that are indistinguishable by spectroscopic techniques alone, while the small volume requirement enables analysis of enzymes or substrates in limited supply. Furthermore, the compatibility of capillary electrophoresis with various detectors makes it suitable for KM determinations ranging from nanomolar to millimolar concentrations. Capillary electrophoresis fundamentals are discussed with an emphasis on the separation mechanisms relevant to evaluate sets of substrate and product that are charged, neutral, and even chiral. The basic principles of Michaelis-Menten determinations are reviewed and the process of translating capillary electrophoresis electropherograms into a Michaelis-Menten curve is outlined. The conditions that must be optimized in order to couple off-line and on-line enzyme reactions with capillary electrophoresis separations, such as incubation time, buffer pH and ionic strength, and temperature, are examined to provide insight into how the techniques can be best utilized. The application of capillary electrophoresis to quantify enzyme inhibition, in the form of KI or IC50 is detailed. The concept and implementation of the immobilized enzyme reactor is described as a means to increase enzyme stability and reusability, as well as a powerful tool for screening enzyme substrates and inhibitors. Emerging techniques focused on applying capillary electrophoresis as a rapid assay to obtain structural identification or sequence information about a substrate and in-line digestions of peptides and proteins coupled to mass spectrometry analyses are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gattu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Cassandra L Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Grace Lu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Lindsay M Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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Electrochemical strategy for pyrophosphatase detection Based on the peroxidase-like activity of G-quadruplex-Cu2+ DNAzyme. Talanta 2018; 178:491-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) and its inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:823-840. [PMID: 30108800 PMCID: PMC6072468 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1, EC 3.1.4.1) is a metalloenzyme that belongs to the NPP family, which comprises seven subtypes (NPP1-7). NPP1 hydrolyzes a wide range of phosphodiester bonds, e.g. in nucleoside triphosphates, (cyclic) dinucleotides, and nucleotide sugars yielding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as products. Its main substrate is ATP which is cleaved to AMP and diphosphate. The enzyme is involved in various biological processes including bone mineralization, soft-tissue calcification, insulin receptor signalling, cancer cell proliferation and immune modulation. Therefore, NPP1 inhibitors have potential as novel drugs, e.g. for (immuno)oncology. In the last two decades several inhibitors of NPP1 derived from nucleotide- or non-nucleotide scaffolds have been developed. The most potent and selective NPP1-inhibitory substrate analog is adenosine 5'-α,β-methylene-γ-thiotriphosphate (Ki = 20 nM vs. p-Nph-5'-TMP, human membrane-bound NPP1). Non-nucleotide-derived NPP1 inhibitors comprise polysulfonates, polysaccharides, polyoxometalates and small heterocyclic compounds. The polyoxometalate [TiW11CoO40]8- (PSB-POM141) is the most potent and selective NPP1 inhibitor described to date (Ki = 1.46 nM vs. ATP, human soluble NPP1); it displays an allosteric mechanism of inhibition and represents a useful pharmacological tool for evaluating the potential of NPP1 as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
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Lee SY, Sarkar S, Bhattarai S, Namasivayam V, De Jonghe S, Stephan H, Herdewijn P, El-Tayeb A, Müller CE. Substrate-Dependence of Competitive Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28261095 PMCID: PMC5309242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase type 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its major substrate is ATP which is converted to AMP and diphosphate. NPP1 was proposed as a new therapeutic target in brain cancer and immuno-oncology. Several NPP1 inhibitors have been reported to date, most of which were evaluated vs. the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl 5′-thymidine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-TMP). Recently, we observed large discrepancies in inhibitory potencies for a class of competitive NPP1 inhibitors when tested vs. the artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to the natural substrate ATP. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate whether inhibitors of human NPP1 generally display substrate-dependent inhibitory potency. Systematic evaluation of nucleotidic as well as non-nucleotidic NPP1 inhibitors revealed significant differences in determined Ki values for competitive, but not for non- and un-competitive inhibitors when tested vs. the frequently used artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to ATP. Allosteric modulation of NPP1 by p-Nph-5′-TMP may explain these discrepancies. Results obtained using the AMP derivative p-nitrophenyl 5′-adenosine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-AMP) as an alternative artificial substrate correlated much better with those employing the natural substrate ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Soumya Sarkar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Sanjay Bhattarai
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Dresden, Germany
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
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Namasivayam V, Lee SY, Müller CE. The promiscuous ectonucleotidase NPP1: molecular insights into substrate binding and hydrolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:603-614. [PMID: 28011303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Fiene A, Baqi Y, Malik EM, Newton P, Li W, Lee SY, Hartland EL, Müller CE. Inhibitors for the bacterial ectonucleotidase Lp1NTPDase from Legionella pneumophila. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4363-4371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lee SY, Perotti A, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P, Hanck T, Müller CE. Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one derivatives: Structure-activity relationships of selective nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3157-65. [PMID: 27265686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) is the most important member of the NPP family, which consists of seven closely related proteins (NPP1-NPP7). This glycoprotein is a membrane-associated or secreted enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of phosphodiester bonds, e.g., in nucleoside triphosphates, dinucleotides and nucleotide sugars. NPP1 plays a crucial role in various physiological functions including bone mineralization, soft-tissue calcification, and insulin receptor signaling. Recently, an upregulated expression of NPP1 has been observed in astrocytic brain cancers. Therefore, NPP1 has been proposed as a novel drug target for the treatment of glioblastoma. Despite their therapeutic potential, only few NPP1 inhibitors have been reported to date, which are in most cases non- or only moderately selective. The best investigated NPP1 inhibitors so far are nucleotide derivatives and analogs, however they are not orally bioavailable due to their high polarity. We identified thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one derivatives as a new class of NPP1 inhibitors with drug-like properties. Among the 25 derivatives investigated in the present study, 2-[(5-iodo-2-furanyl)methylene]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one (17) was found to be the most potent NPP1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 467nM versus ATP as a substrate and an un-competitive mechanism of inhibition. Compound 17 did not inhibit other human ecto-nucleotidases, including NTPDase1 (CD39), NTPDases2-3, NPP2, NPP3, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN, CD73), and is thus highly selective for NPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arianna Perotti
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Theodor Hanck
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Yegutkin GG. Enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides: functional implications and measurement of activities. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 49:473-97. [PMID: 25418535 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.953627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides mediate diverse signaling effects in virtually all organs and tissues. Most models of purinergic signaling depend on functional interactions between distinct processes, including (i) the release of endogenous ATP and other nucleotides, (ii) triggering of signaling events via a series of nucleotide-selective ligand-gated P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors as well as adenosine receptors and (iii) ectoenzymatic interconversion of purinergic agonists. The duration and magnitude of purinergic signaling is governed by a network of ectoenzymes, including the enzymes of the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family, the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family, ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and other alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Along with "classical" inactivating ectoenzymes, recent data provide evidence for the co-existence of a counteracting ATP-regenerating pathway comprising the enzymes of the adenylate kinase (AK) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK/NME/NM23) families and ATP synthase. This review describes recent advances in this field, with special emphasis on purine-converting ectoenzymes as a complex and integrated network regulating purinergic signaling in such (patho)physiological states as immunomodulation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, arterial calcification and other diseases. The second part of this review provides a comprehensive overview and basic principles of major approaches employed for studying purinergic activities, including spectrophotometric Pi-liberating assays, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analyses of purine substrates and metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, bioluminescent, fluorometric and electrochemical enzyme-coupled assays, histochemical staining, and further emphasizes their advantages, drawbacks and suitability for assaying a particular catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Li W, Zech I, Gieselmann V, Müller CE. A capillary electrophoresis method with dynamic pH junction stacking for the monitoring of cerebroside sulfotransferase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bhattarai S, Freundlieb M, Pippel J, Meyer A, Abdelrahman A, Fiene A, Lee SY, Zimmermann H, Yegutkin GG, Sträter N, El-Tayeb A, Müller CE. α,β-Methylene-ADP (AOPCP) Derivatives and Analogues: Development of Potent and Selective ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6248-63. [PMID: 26147331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine. eN inhibitors have potential for use as cancer therapeutics. The eN inhibitor α,β-methylene-ADP (AOPCP, adenosine-5'-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid]) was used as a lead structure, and derivatives modified in various positions were prepared. Products were tested at rat recombinant eN. 6-(Ar)alkylamino substitution led to the largest improvement in potency. N(6)-Monosubstitution was superior to symmetrical N(6),N(6)-disubstitution. The most potent inhibitors were N(6)-(4-chlorobenzyl)- (10l, PSB-12441, Ki 7.23 nM), N(6)-phenylethyl- (10h, PSB-12425, Ki 8.04 nM), and N(6)-benzyl-adenosine-5'-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] (10g, PSB-12379, Ki 9.03 nM). Replacement of the 6-NH group in 10g by O (10q, PSB-12431) or S (10r, PSB-12553) yielded equally potent inhibitors (10q, 9.20 nM; 10r, 9.50 nM). Selected compounds investigated at the human enzyme did not show species differences; they displayed high selectivity versus other ecto-nucleotidases and ADP-activated P2Y receptors. Moreover, high metabolic stability was observed. These compounds represent the most potent eN inhibitors described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bhattarai
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Freundlieb
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- ‡Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Meyer
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amelie Fiene
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- §Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- ∥MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Norbert Sträter
- ‡Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- †PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus capsule biosynthesis pathway in vitro: Characterization of the UDP-GlcNAc C6 dehydratases CapD and CapE and identification of enzyme inhibitors. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:958-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching for monitoring of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) reactions by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:855-63. [PMID: 24431193 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its main substrate is ATP yielding AMP and pyrophosphate. NPP1 has been proposed as a novel drug target, for diabetes type 2 and the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease leading to inflammatory arthritis. The monitoring of NPP1 reactions is difficult because its velocity is very slow requiring highly sensitive analytical procedures. In this study, a method of large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching was developed, and separations were optimized. Large sample volumes were loaded by hydrodynamic injection (5 psi, 13 s) followed by removal of a large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-10 kV). The stacked analytes were subsequently separated in phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 9.2) at 20 kV. The validated method was found to be linear (R(2) = 0.9927) in the concentration range of 0.05-50 μM of AMP, with high accuracy and precision. The determined LOD and LOQ of AMP were 18 nM and 60 nM, respectively. Compared to a previously reported CE procedure using sweeping technique, a fivefold improvement of sensitivity was achieved. Moreover, the new technique was faster, and reproducibility of migration times was improved (RSD value = 1.2%). Importantly, adenine nucleotide analogs and derivatives tested as NPP1 inhibitors could be completely separated from the substrate ATP and the enzymatic product AMP. The method was applied to NPP1 inhibition assays investigating nucleotide-derived inhibitors in the presence of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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