1
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Development of unmodified and CTAB-modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) for direct electrochemical analysis of nitrites in aquarium water and rat blood. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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2
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Qian J, Li H, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu J, Zhou L, Pu Q. Zwitterionic surfactant as an additive for efficient electrophoretic separation of easily absorbed rhodamine dyes on plastic microchips. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463716. [PMID: 36565653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plastic microchips possess the advantages of easy fabrication and low-cost, but their surface properties are frequently incompatible with electrophoretic separation without proper surface modification. Meanwhile, the separation microchannels on typical microchips are usually only a few centimeters long, the pressurized flow may significantly affect the electrophoretic separation if their inner diameters (id) are relatively larger (approximately > 50 μm), viscous separation medium is therefore required for efficient separation. Herein, a zwitterionic surfactant, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane sulfonate (HDAPS), was used as a multifunctional additive to inhibit the analyte adsorption, improve the surface status, control Joule heating and modulate the resolution on cyclic olefin copolymer microchips with 80 μm id, 5 cm long separation microchannels, eliminating the necessity of viscous polymeric additives. The effectiveness of HDAPS was compared with an ionic polymeric additive, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride). The streaming potential and electroosmotic flow measurements indicated an effective inhibition of the adsorption of rhodamine B and a stable negative surface charge with zwitterionic HDAPS. Using 15 mmol/L HDAPS, 40% (v/v) methanol, and 10 mmol/L boric acid (pH 3.2) as the running buffer, rapid separation of four rhodamines was achieved within 90 s under a separation electric field of 520 V/cm. The theoretical plate numbers were in a range of 5.0×105-6.9×105/m. The relative standard deviations were no more than 0.9% for retention time and 1.5% for peak area. The proposed system was verified by the determination of rhodamines in eyeshadow and wolfberry, with standard recoveries in a range of 98.2%-101.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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3
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Lucas SB, Duarte LM, Rezende KCA, Coltro WKT. Nitrite Determination in Environmental Water Samples Using Microchip Electrophoresis Coupled with Amperometric Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1736. [PMID: 36296090 PMCID: PMC9610075 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is considered an important target analyte for environmental monitoring. In water resources, nitrite is the result of the nitrogen cycle and the leaching processes of pesticides based on nitrogenous compounds. A high concentration of nitrite can be associated with intoxication processes and metabolic disorders in humans. The present study describes the development of a portable analytical methodology based on microchip electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection for the determination of nitrite in environmental water samples. Electrophoretic and detection conditions were optimized, and the best separations were achieved within 60 s by employing a mixture of 30 mmol L-1 lactic acid and 15 mmol L-1 histidine (pH = 3.8) as a running buffer applying 0.7 V to the working electrode (versus Pt) for amperometric measurements. The developed methodology revealed a satisfactory linear behavior in the concentration range between 20 and 80 μmolL-1 (R2 = 0.999) with a limit of detection of 1.3 μmolL-1. The nitrite concentration was determined in five water samples and the achieved values ranged from (28.7 ± 1.6) to (67.1 ± 0.5) µmol L-1. The data showed that using the proposed methodology revealed satisfactory recovery values (83.5-103.8%) and is in good agreement with the reference technique. Due to its low sample consumption, portability potential, high analytical frequency, and instrumental simplicity, the developed methodology may be considered a promising strategy to monitor and quantitatively determine nitrite in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Mattos Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas 13083-861, SP, Brazil
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4
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Graf HG, Rudisch BM, Ude L, Müller L, Huhn C. Picomolar detection limits for glyphosate by two-dimensional column-coupled isotachophoresis/capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3887-3899. [PMID: 35998068 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry often lacks sufficient limits of detection for trace substances in the environment due to its low loadability. To overcome this problem, we conducted a feasibility study for column-coupling isotachophoresis to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. The first dimension isotachophoresis preconcentrated the analytes. The column-coupling of both dimensions was achieved by a hybrid capillary microfluidic chip setup. Reliable analyte transfer by voltage switching was enabled by an in-chip capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector placed around the channel of the common section between two T-shaped crossings in the chip connecting both dimensions. This eliminated the need to calculate the moment of analyte transfer. A commercial capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrument with easily installable adaptations operated the setup. Prior to coupling isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, both dimensions were optimized individually by simulations and verified experimentally. Both dimensions were able to stack/separate all degradation products of glyphosate, the most important herbicide applied worldwide. The first dimension isotachophoresis also removed phosphate, which is a critical matrix component in many environmental samples. Enrichment and separation of glyphosate and its main degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid by the 2D setup provided an excellent limit of detection of 150 pM (25 ng/L) for glyphosate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Georg Graf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Ude
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Development of Microchip Isotachophoresis Coupled with Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Evaluation of Its Potential for the Analysis of Food, Biological and Pharmaceutical Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206094. [PMID: 34684674 PMCID: PMC8538814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An online coupling of microchip isotachophoresis (µITP) with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) using thermal evaporation interface is reported for the first time. This combination integrates preconcentration power of the µITP followed by unambiguous identification of trace compounds in complex samples by IMS. Short-chain carboxylic acids, chosen as model analytes, were first separated by the µITP in a discontinuous electrolyte system at pH 5–6, and subsequently evaporated at 130 °C during their transfer to the IMS analyzer. Various parameters, affecting the transfer of the separated sample components through the evaporation system, were optimized to minimize dispersion and loss of the analytes as well as to improve sensitivity. The following analytical attributes were obtained for carboxylic acids in the standard solutions: 0.1–0.3 mg L−1 detection limits, 0.4–0.9 mg L−1 quantitation limits, linear calibration range from the quantitation limit to 75 mg L−1, 0.2–0.3% RSD of the IMS response and 98–102% accuracy. The analytical potential of the developed µITP-IMS combination was demonstrated on the analysis of various food, pharmaceutical and biological samples, in which the studied acids are naturally present. These include: apple vinegar, wine, fish sauce, saliva and ear drops. In the real samples, 0.3–0.6% RSD of the IMS response and 93–109% accuracy were obtained.
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6
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Troška P, Hradski J, Chropeňová L, Szucs R, Masár M. Potential of microchip electrophoresis in pharmaceutical analysis: Development of a universal method for frequently prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462453. [PMID: 34392125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel microchip electrophoresis method with conductivity detection for the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in several pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The three frequently used NSAIDs - acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac and ibuprofen were baseline separated on a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip with coupled separation channels. Elimination of matrix components such as excipients, was realized through online combination of isotachophoresis (ITP) with zone electrophoresis (ZE). ITP-ZE hyphenation can also facilitate preconcentration of target analytes. ITP was carried out in the first separation channel at pH 6.5, while the second channel of the microchip was used for ZE separation and detection of the analytes at pH 7.0. The developed ITP-ZE method was demonstrated to be applicable for direct and reliable determination of NSAIDs in eleven pharmaceutical formulations. The noticeable advantage of this approach is that only simple sample pretreatment (filtration and dilution) is necessary. The method performance parameters, such as linearity (20-250% of nominal concentration of studied NSAIDs in the test samples), accuracy (98-102%) and precision (less than 2% RSD) were obtained. This universal approach is suitable for the determination of frequently used NSAIDs in a single analysis in less than 15 min. In addition to simple sample pretreatment, low running costs and minimal environmental impact could make this method attractive for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Troška
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jasna Hradski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Chropeňová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Szucs
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH2, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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7
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A Simple and Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for Nitrite Detection in Small Sample Volumes. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and environmentally-friendly spectrophotometric method for nitrite detection was developed. Detection was based on a redox reaction with iodide ions in an acidic condition. The reaction was evaluated by detecting the increase in absorbance of the colored product of iodine at 362 nm wavelength. To obtain a good spectrophotometric performance, the iodide ions concentration, hydrochloric acid concentration, and reaction time were optimized. In the optimal condition, the developed spectrophotometric method provided a linear range of 0.0625 to 4.00 mg L−1 (r = 0.9985), reaction time for 10 min, a limit of detection of 25 µg L−1, and a limit of quantitation of 85 µg L−1. This method showed good repeatability (RSD < 9.21%), high sample throughput (9 samples min−1), and good accuracy (recovery = 88 ± 2 to 99.5 ± 0.4%). The method has the potential to be used in crime scene investigations as a rapid screening test for gunshot residue detection via nitrite detection.
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8
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Khodaei H, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Hamidi AA, Farajzadeh MA, Bavili Tabrizi A, Ansarin K, Nemati M. Determination and validation of simultaneous derivatization and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method for analysis of nitrate and nitrite contents as nitrate ions in onion and potato samples. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khodaei
- Food and Drug Safety Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Hamidi
- Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
- Engineering FacultyNear East University Mersin North Cyprus Turkey
| | | | - Khalil Ansarin
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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9
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Kubáň P, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Capillary electrophoresis of small ions and molecules in less conventional human body fluid samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:1-26. [PMID: 31196414 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in sensitive analytical techniques have encouraged the analysis of various compounds in biological fluids. While blood serum, blood plasma and urine still remain the golden standards in clinical, toxicological and forensic science, analyses of other body fluids, such as breast milk, exhaled breath condensate, sweat, saliva, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or capillary blood in form of dried blood spots are becoming more popular. This review article focuses on capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis of small ions and molecules (e.g. inorganic cations/anions, basic/acidic drugs, small acids/bases, amino acids, peptides and other low molecular weight analytes) in various less conventional human body fluids and hopes to stimulate further interest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Buyuktuncel E. Microchip Electrophoresis and Bioanalytical Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely
small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way
that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform
quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak
capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established
the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis
in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving
force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage
that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)
and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is
possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible
to carry out ME much quicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Buyuktuncel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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11
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CHANG SY, LEE MY, WU CC. A Microchip Electrophoresis Device Integrated with the Top–bottom Antiparallel Electrodes of Indium Tin Oxide to Detect Inorganic Ions by Contact Conductivity. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1231-1236. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yao CHANG
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ming-Yuan LEE
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Ching-Chou WU
- Department of Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University
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12
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Roohparvar R, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A, Bagheri H. Indirect ultra-trace determination of nitrate and nitrite in food samples by in-syringe liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Roohparvar R, Shamspur T, Mostafavi A. Application of silica coated magnetite nanoparticles modified with Cu(I)-neocuproine as nanosorbent to simultaneous separation-preconcentration of trace amounts of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 2018; 73:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Thirumalraj B, Palanisamy S, Chen SM, Zhao DH. Amperometric detection of nitrite in water samples by use of electrodes consisting of palladium-nanoparticle-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 478:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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The use of polarity switching for the sensitive determination of nitrate in human cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Ribeiro FWP, Moraes FC, Pereira EC, Marken F, Mascaro LH. New application for the BiVO4 photoanode: A photoelectroanalytical sensor for nitrite. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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17
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A Highly Sensitive and Selective Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Food Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Recent applications of microchip electrophoresis to biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:72-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Gunasekara DB, Siegel JM, Caruso G, Hulvey MK, Lunte SM. Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection method for profiling cellular nitrosative stress markers. Analyst 2015; 139:3265-73. [PMID: 24728039 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in cells results in nitrosative stress due to the generation of highly reactive species such as peroxynitrite and N2O3. These species disrupt the cellular redox processes through the oxidation, nitration, and nitrosylation of important biomolecules. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) is a fast separation method that can be used to profile cellular nitrosative stress through the separation of NO and nitrite from other redox-active intracellular components such as cellular antioxidants. This paper describes a ME method with electrochemical detection (ME-EC) for the separation of intracellular nitrosative stress markers in macrophage cells. The separation of nitrite, azide (interference), iodide (internal standard), tyrosine, glutathione, and hydrogen peroxide (neutral marker) was achieved in under 40 s using a run buffer consisting of 7.5 to 10 mM NaCl, 10 mM boric acid, and 2 mM TTAC at pH 10.3 to 10.7. Initially, NO production was monitored by the detection of nitrite (NO2(-)) in cell lysates. There was a 2.5- to 4-fold increase in NO2(-) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. The concentration of NO2(-) inside a single unstimulated macrophage cell was estimated to be 1.41 mM using the method of standard additions. ME-EC was then used for the direct detection of NO and glutathione in stimulated and native macrophage cell lysates. NO was identified in these studies based on its migration time and rapid degradation kinetics. The intracellular levels of glutathione in native and stimulated macrophages were also compared, and no significant difference was observed between the two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulan B Gunasekara
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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20
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Turdean GL, Szabo G. Nitrite detection in meat products samples by square-wave voltammetry at a new single walled carbon naonotubes – myoglobin modified electrode. Food Chem 2015; 179:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Masár M, Bodor R, Troška P. Microchip capillary electrophoresis of nitrite and nitrate in cerebrospinal fluid. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1274:31-42. [PMID: 25673480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2353-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is a relatively new analytical method requiring only small sample amounts, which is very favorable for the analysis of volume-limited biofluids. The practical use of MCE in bioanalysis is still restricted in terms of requirements for simplifying and/or concentrating sample pretreatment techniques. Here, we describe an MCE method for trace analysis of nitrite and nitrate, indicators of various neurological diseases, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The complex CSF samples were simplified by solid-phase microextraction prior to an online combination of isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis performed on a microchip with coupled channels and a high-volume sample injection channel (9.9 μL). The method is suitable for rapid (total analysis time lasted 20 min), reproducible (0.6-2.4 % RSD for migration time), and sensitive (3-9 nM limits of detection) determinations of nitrite and nitrate in 15-50 times diluted CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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22
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Recent progress in analytical capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:2-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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Sequential Determination of Inorganic Cations and Anions in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Microchip Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Danč L, Bodor R, Troška P, Horčičiak M, Masár M. Determination of metabolic organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid by microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2146-54. [PMID: 24431209 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new MCE method for the determination of oxalic, citric, glycolic, lactic, and 2- and 3-hydroxybutyric acids, indicators of some metabolic and neurological diseases, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed. MCE separations were performed on a PMMA microchip with coupled channels at lower pH (5.5) to prevent proteins interference. A double charged counter-ion, BIS-TRIS propane, was very effective in resolving the studied organic acids. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 μM were obtained with the aid of contact conductivity detector implemented directly on the microchip. RSDs for migration time and peak area of organic acids in artificial and CSF samples were <0.8 and <9.7%, respectively. Recoveries of organic acids in untreated CSF samples on the microchip varied from 91 to 104%. Elimination of chloride interference, a major anionic constituent of CSF, has been reached by two approaches: (i) the use of coupled channels microchip in a column switching mode when approximately 97-99% of chloride was removed electrophoretically in the first separation channel and (ii) the implementation of micro-SPE with silver-form resin prior to the MCE analysis, which selectively removed chloride from undeproteinized CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Danč
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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