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Chen L, Shao J, Luo Y, Zhao L, Zhao K, Gao Y, Wang S, Liu Y. An integrated metabolism in vivo analysis and network pharmacology in UC rats reveal anti-ulcerative colitis effects from Sophora flavescens EtOAc extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113306. [PMID: 32371325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an immune system disease, is characterized by long duration and easy relapse. Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens), also named "Kushen", is a traditional Chinese medicine, widely used to treat UC in clinics. Alkaloids and flavonoids are the main constituents of S. flavescens. Previous studies indicated that the effects of S. flavescens against UC mainly attribute to its alkaloids. In view of the clinical applications of its flavonoids and our preliminary experiments on the effects of S. flavescens treatment, we speculated that flavonoids also could exert an anti-UC effect, but its efficacy and mechanism are still not yet to be revealed. Herein, we examined the pharmacodynamic effects of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of S. flavescens EtOAc (SFE) against dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC rats for the first time. Pharmacodynamic effects indicated that SFE could significantly alleviate the loss in the body weight and shortening of the colon length, reduce colon bleeding and improve colon tissue damage of UC rats. A total of 28 prototypes and 41 metabolites were unambiguously or tentatively detected in rat's plasma and urine. Among them, 28 prototypes and 3 phase I metabolites shared 40 UC targets, the targets contributed to 51 metabolic pathways in 5 modules. Additionally, genistein, formononetin, isokurarinone, kurarinone, maackiain, kushenol N, trifolirnizin, kuraridin and norkurarinone were suggested to be potential active compounds in SFE for treating UC by comprehensively investigating the results of network pharmacology analysis, metabolic analysis in vivo, and previous researches. Finally, a combination of metabolic analysis in vivo with network pharmacology can elucidate the material basis and pharmacodynamic effect of traditional Chinese medicines, and lay the foundation for further clarify the anti-UC mechanism of SFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kairui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yanping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medical of State Administration of TCM, China, Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chines Materia Medical Quality of Guangdong Province, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology strategy for ascertaining the quality marker of flavonoids for Sophora flavescens. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113297. [PMID: 32325403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been widely used in Asian countries for thousands of years due to their supreme quality and good clinical efficacy. However, the increasing demand for TCMs in recent decades warrants effective quality control methodology to avoid clinical problems. Therefore, comprehensive quality evaluation systems should be established for ensuring TCM's quality, in terms of chemical components, as well as bioactivity for identifying quality markers in TCM and developing suitable analytical methods for quality control. In this study, we selected Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens) as the research object and developed a novel integrated strategy combining metabolomics and network pharmacology to explore the quality markers. Firstly, we determined the targeted metabolomic profiles of seventy-four batches of S. flavescens (aged from 1 to 6 years) by UHPLC/QE-MS. Six potential markers were successfully screened, quantified and reverse-verified as the most influential effective compounds by UHPLC/QE-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Secondly, the network of "components-targets-pathways" was constructed, and the pharmacological activities of six potential markers were predicted. Finally, we determined the anti-tumor activity of six flavonoids (kurarinone, norkurarinone, kuraridin, kushenol N, trifolirhizin, and genistein) as the quality markers for Sophora flavescens, evaluated their pharmacokinetic profiles and reviewed their existing pharmacological researches. Thus, integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology technology were applied for the effective discovery of quality markers of Chinese material medica.
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Kurbanoglu S, Karsavurdan O, Ozkan SA. Recent Advances on Drug Analyses Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Techniques and their Application to the Biological Samples. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180423152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method enables analyst
to establish an analysis at higher pressure than High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC)
method towards liquid chromatographic methods. UPLC method provides the opportunity to study a
higher pressure compared to HPLC, and therefore smaller column in terms of particle size and internal
diameter are generally used in drug analysis. The UPLC method has attracted gradually due to its advantages
such as short analysis time, the small amount of waste reagents and the significant savings in
the cost of their destruction process. In this review, the recent selected studies related to the UPLC
method and its method validation are summarized. The drug analyses and the results of the studies
which were investigated by UPLC method, with certain parameters from literature are presented.
Background:
Quantitative determination of drug active substances by High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) from Liquid Chromatography (LC) methods has been carried out since the
1970's with the use of standard analytical LC methods. In today's conditions, rapid and very fast even
ultra-fast, flow rates are achieved compared to conventional HPLC due to shortening analysis times,
increasing method efficiency and resolution, reducing sample volume (and hence injection volume),
reducing waste mobile phase. Using smaller particles, the speed and peak capacity are expanding to
new limit and this technology is named as Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. In recent years,
as a general trend in liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography has taken the
place of HPLC methods. The time of analysis was for several minutes, now with a total analysis time
of around 1-2 minutes. The benefits of transferring HPLC to UPLC are much better understood when
considering the thousands of analyzes performed for each active substance, in order to reduce the cost
of analytical laboratories where relevant analysis of drug active substances are performed without
lowering the cost of research and development activities.
Methods:
The German Chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, proposed the use of reactive impregnated
filter paper for the identification of dyestuffs in 1855 and at that time the first chromatographic method
in which a liquid mobile phase was used, was reviewed. Christian Friedrich Chönbein, who reported
that the substances were dragged at different speeds in the filter paper due to capillary effect, was
followed by the Russian botanist Mikhail S. Tswet, who planted studies on color pigment in 1906.
Tswet observes the color separations of many plant pigments, such as chlorophyll and xanthophyll
when he passes the plant pigment extract isolated from plant through the powder CaCO3 that he filled
in the glass column. This method based on color separation gives the name of "chromatographie"
chromatography by using the words "chroma" meaning "Latin" and "graphein" meaning writing.
Results and Conclusion:
Because the UPLC method can be run smoothly at higher pressures than the
HPLC method, it offers the possibility of analyzing using much smaller column sizes and column diameters.
Moreover, UPLC method has advantages, such as short analysis time, the small amount of
waste reagents and the significant savings in the cost of their destruction process. The use of the
UPLC method especially analyses in biological samples such as human plasma, brain sample, rat
plasma, etc. increasingly time-consuming due to the fact that the analysis time is very short compared
to the HPLC, because of the small amount of waste analytes and the considerable savings in their cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozer Karsavurdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen L, Zhang Y. Determination of Mirabegron in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS after oral and intravenous administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:141-148. [PMID: 30892436 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mirabegron is a kind of β3 adrenergic receptor agonist which is an effective drug for the treatment of overactive bladder. In this research, a UPLC-MS/MS method is developed and validated for the study of mirabegron pharmacokinetic in rats. A protein precipitation method is applied for sample preparation with acetonitrile. m/z 397.3→379.6, m/z 326.4→121.0 for mirabegron, tolterodine (IS), respectively in the positive ion mode was performed for quantitation. The method is reliable and reproducible in our study (intra-day precision≤11.06%, inter-day precision≤11.43%) with concentration curves linear from 5 to 2500 ng/mL(R2>0.999). Stability studies demonstrated that mirabegron was stable under a variety of storage conditions. This method was successfully applied for determining mirabegron in rats after oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Chen
- Central Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Central Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cha J, Kim BK, Gwon MR, Lee J, Ohk B, Kang WY, Lim MS, Seong SJ, Kim HJ, Lee HW, Yoon YR. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of acetaminophen in human plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Gwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Joomi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Boram Ohk
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Mi-sun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Daegu 38541, Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
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HYUN JY, KIM HJ, GWON MR, LEE HW, SEONG SJ, YOON YR. Fully Validated Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Fimasartan in Human Plasma. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1335-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon HYUN
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Hyun-Ju KIM
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Mi-Ri GWON
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Hae Won LEE
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Sook Jin SEONG
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
| | - Young-Ran YOON
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK 21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital
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