1
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Díez-Pascual AM. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 4.0. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3032. [PMID: 38474275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene and its derivatives, has experienced exponential development in recent years [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra, Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Khoshnavaz Y, Erk EE, Li G, Mehmandoust M, Erk N. Green synthesis of Au@g-C 3N 4 nanocomposite using Hyssopus officinalis extract and its sensing application for vortioxetine determination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80085-80093. [PMID: 37289391 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a stable and green Au@g-C3N4 nanocomposite as a selective electrochemical sensor for vortioxetine (VOR) determination. The electrochemical behavior of VOR on the developed electrode was investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. The Au@g-C3N4 nanocomposite was thoroughly observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The Au@g-C3N4 nanocomposite had a higher conductivity and a narrower band gap than pure g-C3N4, causing higher electrochemical activity for VOR detection. Moreover, Au@g-C3N4 on the glassy carbon electrode (Au@g-C3N4/GCE) monitored a low level of VOR with high efficiency and low interference as an environmentally friendly processing approach. Interestingly, the as-fabricated sensor exhibited an ultrahigh selectivity for recognizing VOR with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.2 nM. Furthermore, the developed sensor was applied to determine VOR in pharmaceutical and biological samples, which indicated a high selectivity in the presence of interferences. This study suggests new insights into the phytosynthesis synthesis of nanomaterials with excellent biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Khoshnavaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erknaz Ecehan Erk
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guangli Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Mohammad Mehmandoust
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Erk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Use of Hierarchical Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with NiCo Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Vortioxetine Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314555. [PMID: 36498883 PMCID: PMC9739381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new voltammetry method for the highly sensitive antidepressant drug vortioxetine (VOR) is presented using glassy carbon electrodes modified with hierarchical carbon nanofibers with NiCo nanoparticles (eCNF/CNT/NiCo-GCE). The electrochemical behavior of VOR was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which indicates that its oxidation is an adsorption-controlled process with the exchange of two electrons and one proton. The effects of various factors on the VOR peak, such as supporting electrolyte type, preconcentration time, and potential, or influence of interferents, were tested using the square wave voltammetry technique (SWV). The linear voltametric response for the analyte was obtained in the concentration range from 0.01·10-6 to 3.0·10-6 mol L-1 with the detection limit of 1.55·10-9 mol L-1 for a preconcentration time of 60 s. The proposed method was successfully applied for highly sensitive VOR determination in complex matrices such as tablets, urine, and plasma with good recovery parameter.
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Vaishnavi A. Sarangdhar, Ramanlal N. Kachave. Overview of UHPLC-MS: an Effective and Sensitive Hyphenated Technique. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Hong X, Zhang L, Zha J. Toxicity of waterborne vortioxetine, a new antidepressant, in non-target aquatic organisms: From wonder to concern drugs? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119175. [PMID: 35337889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is increasing in popularity as a treatment for major depressive disorder and has been detected in wastewater effluent. However, information on the toxicity and environmental risk of vortioxetine in non-target organisms is scarce. Here, embryonic and juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to assess the toxicity of vortioxetine (0, 1, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 μg/L) after 120 h and 7 d of exposure, respectively. Vortioxetine induced significant toxicity during embryonic development, including effects on survival, hatching, basal heart rate, spontaneous tail coiling and developmental abnormalities, and inhibited larval locomotor activity at concentrations higher than 30 μg/L. Additionally, vortioxetine evoked anxiolytic-like behavior and caused histopathological changes to multiple organs (gills, heart, liver and intestine) in juvenile zebrafish. Significant increase in 5-HT content was observed in whole zebrafish larvae and juvenile brain tissues from animals treated with 1 or 100 μg/L vortioxetine. Notably, the lowest effective concentrations of vortioxetine for zebrafish were mainly in the range of 10-30 μg/L, which were slightly lower than the vortioxetine therapeutic concentrations. Risk quotients assuming conservative exposure assessments were above one in European countries indicating moderate risk for the behavioral endpoints assessed. We believe that these results highlight the adverse effects of vortioxetine on non-target organisms and that further investigations will be required to provide a higher confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wróblewski K, Szultka-Młyńska M, Janiszewska D, Petruczynik A, Buszewski B. Development of the Validated Stability-Indicating Method for the Determination of Vortioxetine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC-DAD, Stress Degradation Kinetics Studies and Detection of Degradation Products by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061883. [PMID: 35335245 PMCID: PMC8953571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine (VOR) is a new antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive disorder. In this work, a novel, simple, rapid, accurate, precise, selective, stability-indicating, and fully validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to determine VOR in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. A Polar-RP column was used, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), acetate buffer pH 3.5, and addition of diethylamine (DEA) in the isocratic elution mode. Assessing the stability of the VOR is fundamental to guarantee the efficacy, safety, and quality of drug products. In this study, the VOR active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and tablets were subjected to a detailed study of forced degradation, using several degrading agents (acid, alkaline, water, heat, light, and oxidation agents). The developed HPLC-DAD method allows the collection of all the essential data to determine degradation kinetics. It was found that the decomposition of vortioxetine is fragile towards oxidative conditions and photolysis, yielding the first-order and second-order kinetic reaction in the above stress conditions, respectively. The degradation products (DPs) were identified by the high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied for the quantification of VOR in tablets. Additionally, in silico toxicity prediction of the DPs was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wróblewski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research, University of Rzeszów, Werynia 2A, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
| | - Daria Janiszewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (D.J.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Tiris G, Alver C, Erk N. A novel stability-indicating method for determination of a new antidepressant effect of vortioxetine in a pharmaceutical formulation by using RP-HPLC. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A novel rapid, accurate, and stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and first derivative spectrophotometric determination were explained for the assay of vortioxetine (VRT) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. For RP-HPLC method, optimal separation and determination of VRT were achieved with a Waters Symmetry C18, (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH:3.0 ± 0.05) (30:70, v/v) in isocratic mode with flow rate of 1.3 mL min−1. Injection volume was 20 μL. The maximum absorption wavelength of VRT is 225.0 nm; hence, 225.0 nm was studied as the detection wavelength and column at 50 °C temperature. The caffeine was used as the internal standard (IS). On the other hand, the first derivative spectrophotometric method for the analysis of vortioxetine was performed by measuring the amplitude at 251.7 and 272.6 nm.
Result
The HPLC method was found to be linear in the concentration ranges of 10.0-70.0 μg mL−1 with the coefficient value R2 of 0.9998, and the mean recovery value was 100.7%. Further stability studies were done through exposure of the analyte solutions to various stress conditions: acid, alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation, and exposure to UV radiation. For the first derivative spectrophotometric method, linearity was observed in the concentration range 6.0-30.0 μg mL−1 (for 237.7 nm R2 = 0.9999 and for 257.2 nm R2 = 0.9997).
Conclusion
The methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection, precision, and limit of quantification.
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Gu EM, Shao Y, Xu WF, Ye L, Xu RA. UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous quantification of vortioxetine and its metabolite Lu AA34443 in rat plasma and its application to drug interactions. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mahnashi MH. Synthesis of three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres decorated activated graphite nanoplatelets for electrochemical detection of vortioxetine with pharmacokinetic insights in human volunteers. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:519. [PMID: 32852618 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An innovative electrochemical nanoprobe was developed for determination of vortioxetine (VORT), a serotonergic antidepressant drug, for the first time. The fabrication of the nanoprobe is based on decoration of a glassy carbon electrode with three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres modified activated graphite nanoplatelets (3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE). The morphological characterization of the nanoprobe was carried out via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and powder X-ray spectroscopy (PXRD). In addition, the electrochemical behavior of the nanoprobe was described using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A well-defined and irreversible peak at 0.82 V was seen at the surface of 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE. The proposed nanoprobe exhibited outstanding electro-catalytic activity towards VORT oxidation. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic oxidation currents were linearly proportional to VORT concentration at the working range 1.8-90 nM with a LOD of 0.55 nM. The nanoprobe was used to determine VORT in pharmaceutical tablets and human plasma samples. Satisfactory recoveries and RSD percentages were obtained in the range 103.8-107.7% (RSD% = 2.7-3.1%) and 101.4-105.3% (RSD % = 2.8-3.4%) for tablets and plasma samples, respectively. Moreover, the method was used to monitor VORT during a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers with satisfactory results. The 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE shows excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity towards VORT detection. The proposed electrode could be utilized as simple, rapid, and inexpensive sensing tool for routine analysis and during pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang Q, Chen Z, Chen D, Luo S, Xie L. Simultaneous quantification of vortioxetine, fluoxetine and their metabolites in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4960. [PMID: 32729624 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a specific and quick ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was fully developed and validated for simultaneous measurement of the rat plasma levels of vortioxetine (VOR), Lu AA34443 (the major metabolite of VOR), fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine with diazepam as the internal standard (IS). After a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile for sample preparation, the separation of the analytes were performed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column, with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The detection was achieved on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via an electrospray ionization source. Good linearity was observed in the calibration curve for each analyte. The data of precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery and stability all conformed to the bioanalytical method validation of acceptance criteria of US Food and Drug Administration recommendations. The newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method allowed simultaneous quantification of VOR, fluoxetine and their metabolites for the first time and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingwen Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunbin Luo
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingping Xie
- The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Petruczynik A, Wróblewski K, Wojtanowski K, Mroczek T, Juchnowicz D, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Tuzimski T. Comparison of Various Chromatographic Systems for Identification of Vortioxetine in Bulk Drug Substance, Human Serum, Saliva, and Urine Samples by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:E2483. [PMID: 32471141 PMCID: PMC7321162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Determination of psychotropic drugs in clinical study is significant, and the establishment of methodologies for these drugs in biological matrices is essential for patients' safety. The search for new methods for their detection is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. The methods for analyzing of psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in different biological samples should be based on combining a very efficient separation technique including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with a sensitive detection method and effectively sample preparation methods. Objective: Retention, peaks symmetry and system efficiency of vortioxetine on Hydro RP, Polar RP, HILIC A (with silica stationary phase), HILIC-B (with aminopropyl stationary phase), and ACE HILIC-N (with polyhydroxy stationary phase and SCX columns were investigated. Various mobile phases containing methanol or acetonitrile as organic modifiers and different additives were also applied to obtained optimal retention, peaks shape, and systems efficiency. The best chromatographic procedure was used for simultaneous analysis of vortioxetine and its metabolites in human serum, urine and saliva samples. Methods: Analysis of vortioxetine was performed in various chromatographic systems: Reversed phase (RP) systems on alkylbonded or phenyl stationary phases, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). Based on the dependence of log k vs the concentration of the organic modifier, log kw values for vortioxetine in various chromatographic systems were determined and compared with calculated log P values. Solid phase extraction (SPE) method was applied for sample pre-treatment before HPLC analysis. HPLC-QTOF-MS method was applied for confirmation of presence of vortioxetine and some its metabolites in biological samples collected from psychiatric patient. Conclusions: Differences were observed in retention parameters with a change of the applied chromatographic system. The various properties of stationary phases resulted in differences in vortioxetine retention, systems' efficiency, and peaks' shape. Lipophilicity parameters were also determined using different HPLC conditions. The most optimal systems were chosen for the analysis of vortioxetine in biological samples. Both serum and urine or saliva samples collected from patients treated with vortioxetine can be used for the drug determination. For the first time, vortioxetine was detected in patient's saliva. Obtained results indicate on possibility of application of saliva samples, which collection are non-invasive and painless, for determination and therapeutic drug monitoring in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Wróblewski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Laboratory for Innovative Research in Pharmacology, University of Rzeszów, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wojtanowski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (T.M.)
| | - Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-124 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Kertys M, Krivosova M, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Tonhajzerova I, Mokry J. Simultaneous determination of fluoxetine, venlafaxine, vortioxetine and their active metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS using one-step sample preparation procedure. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:113098. [PMID: 31978643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of antidepressant therapy is to induce remission and prevent relapses of major depressive disorder with minimum adverse effects during the treatment. Due to high variability in metabolism, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended as a useful tool for individualisation of the therapy. For this purpose, we have developed simple and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of fluoxetine (FLX), venlafaxine (VEN), vortioxetine (VTX) and their active metabolites norfluoxetine (NFLX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). After one-step extraction procedure using OSTRO plate, analytes were separated by gradient elution on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with runtime 4.2 min. The detection was done on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with transitions at m/z 310.23 → 148.20 for FLX, m/z 296.23 → 134.20 for NFLX, m/z 278.31 → 121.13 for VEN, m/z 264.31 → 107.14 for ODV and m/z 299.19 → 150.05 for VTX using a positive electrospray ionisation interface. The method was successfully validated according to the European Medicine Agency guideline for the selectivity, linearity and lower limit of detection, precision and accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover, dilution integrity and stability over a concentration range of 1-300 ng/mL for FLX, NFLX, VEN, ODV and 0.2-100 ng/mL VTX. Extraction recovery for each analyte was > 80 %, and no significant matrix effects were observed. The developed method was employed for quantification of antidepressants in clinical samples from patients treated with either FLX, VEN, or VTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kertys
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michaela Krivosova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
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Atila Karaca S, Rashidova N, Uğur A, Yeniceli Uğur D. Development of a simple HPLC method for the quantitation of vortioxetine in pharmaceuticals using DoE approach. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-01008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) in practice: analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-019-0007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
UHPLC-MS/MS is connected in various research facilities for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of a pharmaceutical substance, pharmaceutical items, and biological specimen.
Main body
The commence review article is an endeavor to offer pervasive awareness around assorted aspects and details about the UHPLC-MS/MS and related techniques with the aim on practice to an estimation of medicinal active agents in the last 10 years. The article also focused on isolation, separation, and characterization of present impurity in drug and biological samples.
Conclusion
Review article compiles a general overview of medicinally important drugs and their analysis with UHPLC-MS/MS. It gives fundamental thought regarding applications of UHPLC-MS/MS for the study on safety limit. The summary of developed UHPLC-MS/MS methods gives a contribution to the future trend and limitations in this area of research.
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15
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The fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on AuNPs@graphene nanocomposite: Application to the determination of antidepressant vortioxetine. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kurbanoglu S, Karsavurdan O, Ozkan SA. Recent Advances on Drug Analyses Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Techniques and their Application to the Biological Samples. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180423152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method enables analyst
to establish an analysis at higher pressure than High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC)
method towards liquid chromatographic methods. UPLC method provides the opportunity to study a
higher pressure compared to HPLC, and therefore smaller column in terms of particle size and internal
diameter are generally used in drug analysis. The UPLC method has attracted gradually due to its advantages
such as short analysis time, the small amount of waste reagents and the significant savings in
the cost of their destruction process. In this review, the recent selected studies related to the UPLC
method and its method validation are summarized. The drug analyses and the results of the studies
which were investigated by UPLC method, with certain parameters from literature are presented.
Background:
Quantitative determination of drug active substances by High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) from Liquid Chromatography (LC) methods has been carried out since the
1970's with the use of standard analytical LC methods. In today's conditions, rapid and very fast even
ultra-fast, flow rates are achieved compared to conventional HPLC due to shortening analysis times,
increasing method efficiency and resolution, reducing sample volume (and hence injection volume),
reducing waste mobile phase. Using smaller particles, the speed and peak capacity are expanding to
new limit and this technology is named as Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. In recent years,
as a general trend in liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography has taken the
place of HPLC methods. The time of analysis was for several minutes, now with a total analysis time
of around 1-2 minutes. The benefits of transferring HPLC to UPLC are much better understood when
considering the thousands of analyzes performed for each active substance, in order to reduce the cost
of analytical laboratories where relevant analysis of drug active substances are performed without
lowering the cost of research and development activities.
Methods:
The German Chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, proposed the use of reactive impregnated
filter paper for the identification of dyestuffs in 1855 and at that time the first chromatographic method
in which a liquid mobile phase was used, was reviewed. Christian Friedrich Chönbein, who reported
that the substances were dragged at different speeds in the filter paper due to capillary effect, was
followed by the Russian botanist Mikhail S. Tswet, who planted studies on color pigment in 1906.
Tswet observes the color separations of many plant pigments, such as chlorophyll and xanthophyll
when he passes the plant pigment extract isolated from plant through the powder CaCO3 that he filled
in the glass column. This method based on color separation gives the name of "chromatographie"
chromatography by using the words "chroma" meaning "Latin" and "graphein" meaning writing.
Results and Conclusion:
Because the UPLC method can be run smoothly at higher pressures than the
HPLC method, it offers the possibility of analyzing using much smaller column sizes and column diameters.
Moreover, UPLC method has advantages, such as short analysis time, the small amount of
waste reagents and the significant savings in the cost of their destruction process. The use of the
UPLC method especially analyses in biological samples such as human plasma, brain sample, rat
plasma, etc. increasingly time-consuming due to the fact that the analysis time is very short compared
to the HPLC, because of the small amount of waste analytes and the considerable savings in their cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozer Karsavurdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Guan S, Zou Y, Jia B, Wu L, Yang Z, Yuan F, Zhang L. Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of Vortioxetine in rats using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4469-4479. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Guan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yake Zou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Jia
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lvying Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; School of Pharmacy; Guang Dong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; School of Pharmacy; Guang Dong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Center for Biopharmaceuticals; Guangzhou P. R. China
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18
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de Diego M, Correa D, Mennickent S, Godoy R, Vergara C. Determination of vortioxetine and its degradation product in bulk and tablets, by LC-DAD and MS/MS methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4340. [PMID: 30001570 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine hydrobromide (VOR), is a novel antidepressant used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It has a chemical structure susceptible to degradation, therefore it is important to have suitable analytical methods to determine VOR in presence of its main degradation products (DP), because if the compound degrades, this could result in diminution of the therapeutic activity and safety. A simple HPLC method with photodiode array detection was developed and validated for determination of VOR in bulk and tablets, in the presence of its major DP. The drug was subjected to oxidative, hydrolytic, and photolytic stress conditions, showing significant degradation under oxidation with the formation of one DP, which was identified by ESI-MS/MS. A C18 column was used, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water with acetic acid and triethylamine in isocratic elution mode, with detection at 228 nm and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The assay was linear in the 25-125 μg/mL concentration range. For precision, the RSD was <1.8%, the recovery was 100.0-101.6%, and the method demonstrated adequate selectivity. The method was successfully applied to quantify VOR in tablets. The results showed that the method is useful for routine analysis and for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de Diego
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diana Correa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Godoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Hu XX, Lan T, Chen Z, Yang CC, Tang PF, Yuan LJ, Hu GX, Cai JP. A rapid and sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS assay for the determination of trelagliptin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:166-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Huang Y, Zheng S, Pan Y, Li T, Xu ZS, Shao MM. Simultaneous quantification of vortioxetine, carvedilol and its active metabolite 4-hydroxyphenyl carvedilol in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS: Application to their pharmacokinetic interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Quantitative determination of the antidepressant vortioxetine and its major human metabolite in plasma. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2881-94. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vortioxetine is a novel antidepressant that has been developed in a joint partnership between H. Lundbeck A/S and the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. Results: A number of bioanalytical methods have been developed in order to support the nonclinical and clinical development of the drug. Method performance, long-term stability, urine analysis, unspecific binding and metabolites analysis are presented and discussed. Conclusion: Two different method applications for the quantification of vortioxetine and its major human metabolite in human plasma, an isocratic cation exchange HPLC–MS/MS method utilizing C8-SPE sample extracts and a reversed-phase UPLC–MS/MS method with gradient elution of protein precipitated sample extracts, have been validated according to current regulatory standards and applied in support to a large number of nonclinical as well as clinical studies.
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