1
|
Zhang Y, Gao Z, Cai Y, Dou X, Liang Y, Zhang W, Wu G, Ye J. A novel strategy integrating gas phase fractionation with staggered mass range and LC-MS/MS molecular network for comprehensive metabolites profiling of Gui Ling Ji in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 222:115092. [PMID: 36228473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite detection from complex biological samples faces challenges due to interference from endogenous substrates and the inherent limitation of multiple subsequent tandem scanning rates of instruments. Here, a new integrated approach based on gas-phase fractionation with a staggered mass range (sGPF) and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) molecular network was developed to accelerate the data processing of the targeted and untargeted constituents absorbed in rats after oral administration of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription Gui Ling Ji (GLJ). Compared with three conventional acquisition methods, sGPF at 3, 5, and 7 mass fractions could enhance MS/MS coverage with an increased MS/MS triggering rate of 29.4-206.2% over data-dependent acquisition (DDA), fast DDA and gas-phase fractionation. A mass range fraction setting of five optimized the performance. Based on the similar diagnostic fragment ions and characteristic neutral loss behaviors in the DDA-MS/MS spectrum, an initial molecular network of GLJ was created with the help of the global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) platform. Furthermore, to remove the endogenous interference nodes, Cytoscape software was adopted to produce a clean and concise molecular network of prototype compounds and their corresponding metabolites. Using this strategy, a total of 210 compounds, including 59 prototype constituents and 151 metabolites, was unambiguously or tentatively identified in GLJ. This first systematic metabolic study of GLJ in vivo elucidated the potential pharmacodynamic basis of GLJ in clinical treatment. More importantly, this work can serve as a practical example and establish a guide for rapidly identifying TCM metabolites in biological matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Ziqing Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yingli Cai
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Dou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi 030800, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin S, Yan F, E S, Xiong P, Tang S, Yu K, Zhang M, Cheng Y, Cai W. Comprehensive characterization of multiple components of Ziziphus jujuba Mill using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4270-4295. [PMID: 36514751 PMCID: PMC9731542 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus jujuba Mill is the dried ripe fruit of the Rhamnaceae family; it is widely distributed in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, and other places in China. In folk medicine, it was used to restore vital energy, as a blood tonic, and for the treatment of spleen deficiency. To date, a complete investigation of the compounds of Z. jujuba has rarely been performed. Therefore, a reliable strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, combined with trace data acquisition mode (parallel reaction monitoring scanning, PRM) and multiple data processing methods, is necessary for the characterization of compounds in the Z. jujuba. Ultimately, 295 compounds, including 69 flavonoids, 60 alkaloids, 82 phenylpropanoids, 52 organic acids, and 32 other components, were identified in the Z. jujuba; of these, 270 have been reported in Z. jujuba for the first time. This study provides deep insights into the chemistry of Z. jujuba and could be useful for further studies aimed at identifying the factors contributing to the health benefits attributed to this fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐han Qin
- School of PharmacyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Fang Yan
- School of PharmacyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Shuai E
- School of PharmacyWeifang Medical UniversityWeifangChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Pei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Su‐nv Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Kai‐quan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| | - Yung‐chi Cheng
- Department of PharmacologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHunan University of MedicineHuaihuaChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances. ARAB J CHEM 2022; 15:104302. [PMID: 36189434 PMCID: PMC9514000 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the key to unlock treasures of Chinese civilization. TCM and its compound play a beneficial role in medical activities to cure diseases, especially in major public health events such as novel coronavirus epidemics across the globe. The chemical composition in Chinese medicine formula is complex and diverse, but their effective substances resemble "mystery boxes". Revealing their active ingredients and their mechanisms of action has become focal point and difficulty of research for herbalists. Although the existing research methods are numerous and constantly updated iteratively, there is remain a lack of prospective reviews. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive account of existing new approaches and technologies based on previous studies with an in vitro to in vivo perspective. In addition, the bottlenecks of studies on Chinese medicine formula effective substances are also revealed. Especially, we look ahead to new perspectives, technologies and applications for its future development. This work reviews based on new perspectives to open horizons for the future research. Consequently, herbal compounding pharmaceutical substances study should carry on the essence of TCM while pursuing innovations in the field.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2D, Two Dimensional
- 3D, Three Dimensional
- ADME, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
- AFA DESI-MSI, Air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging
- AI, Artificial Intelligence
- Active ingredient
- CDE, Center for Drug Evaluation
- COX-2, Cyclooxygenase 2
- Chemical components
- Chinese medicine formula
- Compound
- Disease Targets
- GC-MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- HR-MS, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
- HTS, High Throughput Screening
- HUA, hyperuricemia
- ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- MALDI MS, Matrix for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
- MD, Microdialysis
- MI, Molecular imprinting
- MSI, Mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass Spectrometry
- NL/PR, Neutral loss/precursor ion
- NMPA, National Medical Products Administration
- OPLS-DA, Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis
- PD, Pharmacodynamic
- PK, Pharmacokinetic
- Q-TOF/MS, Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- QSAR, Quantitative structure-activity relationship
- QqQ-MS, Triple quadruple mass spectrometry
- R-strategy, Reduce strategy
- TCM, Traditional Chinese medicine
- UF, Affinity ultrafiltration
- UPLC, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
- XO, Xanthine oxidase
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Song F, Jin Y. Studies on the mechanism of Panax Ginseng in the treatment of deficiency of vital energy dementia rats based on urine metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1191:123115. [PMID: 35042148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Panax Ginseng (PG) has been used to strengthen memory and physique for thousands of years, because its main components ginsenosides (GS) and ginseng polysaccharides (GP) play a major role, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, a rat model of dementia with vital energy deficiency (DED) was established through intraperitoneal injection with D-galactose and AlCl3 and combined with exhaustive swimming. Pharmacological studies and the urine metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) were employed for evaluation the efficacy of PG and exploring this treatment mechanism. Through urine metabolic profiling, it can be seen that DED rats after PG administration are close to normal group (NG) rats, and PG can regulate the in vivo status of DED rats which tend to NG. The results of behavioral, biochemical indicators and immunohistochemistry further verified the above results, and the mechanism of action of each component is refined. Ultimately, we believe that the mechanism of PG in the treatment of DED is that ginsenosides (GS) intervenes in phenylalanine tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism, stimulates dopamine production, inhibits Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation; and that ginseng polysaccharides (GP) provides energy to strengthen the TCA cycle and improve immune capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yongri Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dou XX, Cai YL, Xu XK, Zhang YH, Guo X, Gao ZQ, Lin S, Liang YL, Ye J, Zhang WD. In vivo and in vitro metabolism study of traditional Chinese medicine formula Dingkun Dan in rats by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5235. [PMID: 34553391 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dingkun Dan (DKD), a reputable traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used to treat gynecological diseases and showed significant clinical effects since ancient times. However, the application and development of DKD are seriously hampered by the unclear active substances. Structural characterization of compounds absorbed in vivo and their corresponding metabolites is significant for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis. In this study, an integrated strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and UNIFI™ software, was used to identify prototypes and metabolites after oral administration of DKD in rats. As a result, a total of 261 compounds, including 140 prototypes and 121 metabolites, were tentatively characterized in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The metabolic pathways of prototypes have been studied to clarify their possible transformation process in vivo. Moreover, an in vitro metabolism study was applied for verifying the metabolites under simulating the metabolic environment in vivo. This first systematic metabolic study of DKD is important for elucidating the metabolites and metabolic pathways and could provide a scientific basis for explaining the integrative mechanism in further pharmacology study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Dou
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Cai
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ke Xu
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Qing Gao
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lin
- State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Lin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen YH, Bi JH, Xie M, Zhang H, Shi ZQ, Guo H, Yin HB, Zhang JN, Xin GZ, Song HP. Classification-based strategies to simplify complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the last decade (2011-2020): Theory, technical route and difficulty. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462307. [PMID: 34161837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches lies in the complexity of components, metabolites, and bioactivities. For a long time, there has been a lack of connections among the three parts, which is not conducive to the systematic elucidation of TCM effectiveness. To overcome this problem, a classification-based methodology for simplifying TCM researches was refined from literature in the past 10 years (2011-2020). The theoretical basis of this methodology is set theory, and its core concept is classification. Its starting point is that "although TCM may contain hundreds of compounds, the vast majority of these compounds are structurally similar". The methodology is composed by research strategies for components, metabolites and bioactivities of TCM, which are the three main parts of the review. Technical route, key steps and difficulty are introduced in each part. Two perspectives are highlighted in this review: set theory is a theoretical basis for all strategies from a conceptual perspective, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a common tool for all strategies from a technical perspective. The significance of these strategies is to simplify complex TCM researches, integrate isolated TCM researches, and build a bridge between traditional medicines and modern medicines. Potential research hotspots in the future, such as discovery of bioactive ingredients from TCM metabolites, are also discussed. The classification-based methodology is a summary of research experience in the past 10 years. We believe it will definitely provide support and reference for the following TCM researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jing-Hua Bi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao XC, Guo MF, Han Y, Fan YT, Zhu JH, Zhu H, Xu JD, Shen H, Zhou GR, Mao Q, Li SL. Systematic metabolite profiling of N-acetyldopamine oligomers from Cicadae Periostracum in rats by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113665. [PMID: 33120311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cicadae Periostracum (CP), the cast-off shell of Cryptotympana atrata, is specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for relieving fever and eliminating ulcer. N-acetyldopamine oligomers are the major characteristic bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may be responsible for the efficacy of CP. However, the exposed components and metabolites of N-acetyldopamine oligomers of CP (NOCP) in vivo are still unknown. In present study, the metabolic profile of total NOCP and N-acetyldopamine dimer B in rats were systematically investigated by ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). In biosamples of NOCP group, 34 prototypes and 15 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized, including 5 metabolites in plasma, 3 prototype and 9 metabolites in urine, 2 metabolites in bile, 34 prototypes and 8 metabolites in feces, respectively. In dimer B group, the prototype and 8 metabolites were identified, including 2 metabolites in plasma, 4 metabolites in urine, 1 metabolite in bile and 5 metabolites in feces, respectively. Oxidation, and hydrogenation were supposed to be the major phase I reactions, while methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation were the main phase II reactions of NOCP and dimer B. M10 and M13 might undergo enterohepatic circulation in rats. It is concluded that NOCP and dimer B were mainly absorbed in the form of metabolites, and metabolites are probably the major bioactive forms of NOCP and dimer B. The outcomes of this study provided helpful information for extensively elucidating biological and pharmacological mechanisms of NOCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ci Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Meng-Fei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Yan-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhou
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang J, Ye LH, Wang B, Zheng H, Cao J. Electrochemical microreactor combined with mass spectrometry for online oxidation and real-time detection of alkaloids. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3969-3981. [PMID: 32823375 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the prototypes and oxidation products of alkaloids with the use of an online electrochemistry/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. The metabolism of oxidative phase I and II was simulated in an electrochemical reaction cell. The metabolic processes for coptisine and jatrorrhizine were simulated in a thin-layer cell fitted with a glassy carbon working electrode, while the metabolic processes for berberine and palmatine were simulated by using a boron-doped diamond working electrode. By using the new experimental system, dehydrogenation, demethylation, methylation, hydroxylation, and the formation of two hydroxylation adducts were detected by applying different potentials to the electrochemical cell. The online reaction with glutathione yielded different covalent glutathione adducts. The results obtained from the electrochemical simulation were found to be in good accordance with those reported previously in vivo, showing that electrochemistry/mass spectrometry is an effective tool for studying metabolic reactions for various complex components. Moreover, analysis of alkaloids in liver microsomes by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry confirmed the possibility of using an electrochemistry technique to simulate the metabolism of target compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu C, Cai T, Jin Y, Chen J, Liu G, Xu N, Shen R, Chen Y, Han L, Wang S, Wu C, Zhu M. Artificial intelligence and network pharmacology based investigation of pharmacological mechanism and substance basis of Xiaokewan in treating diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Dong X, Li X, Li N, Zhao H, GuLa A, Zhang X, Zhang P, Bao B. A target-group-change couple with mass defect filtering strategy to identify the metabolites of "Dogel ebs" in rats plasma, urine and bile. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3382-3389. [PMID: 31503388 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
"Dogel ebs" was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., a classical traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine, which had the effects on damp-heat dysentery, scrofula, and syndrome of accumulated dampness toxicity. Although the chemical constituents have been clarified by our previous studies, the metabolic transformation of "Dogel ebs" in vivo was still unclear. To explore the mechanism of "Dogel ebs," the metabolites in plasma, bile, and urine samples were investigated. A fast positive and negative ion switching technology was used for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids and alkaloids in "Dogel ebs" in a single run. And a target-group-change coupled with mass defect filtering strategy was utilized to analyze the collected data. 89 parent compounds and 82 metabolites were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Both phase I and phase II metabolites were observed and the metabolic pathways involved in oxidation, demethylation, acetylation, and glucuronidation. 69 metabolites of "Dogel ebs," including three hydroxyls bonding xanthohumol, formononetin-7-O-glucuronide, 2'-hydroxyl-isoxanthohumol decarboxylation metabolite, oxysophocarpine dehydrogen, 9α-hydroxysophoramine-O-glucuronide, etc. were reported for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - XiaoNa Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - HongMei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - A GuLa
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - BaoQuan Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang C, Xia T, Wang C, Sun H, Li Y, Gong Z, Li Y, Zheng L, Huang Y. Using the UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS E method and intestinal bacteria for metabolite identification in the nonpolysaccharide fraction from Bletilla striata. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4637. [PMID: 31256429 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. (Orchidaceae), also known as Bai-ji, is a traditional Chinese herb that is widely used in Asia to treat hematemesis, hemoptysis, traumatic bleeding and other similar disorders. Most studies have focused on the pharmacological activities of polysaccharide extracts from B. striata. Our previous studies found that the nonpolysaccharide fraction from B. striata extract also has a hemostatic effect; however, the active constituents responsible for this pharmacological action are unclear. Thus, the metabolic profiles of the nonpolysaccharide fraction were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats and intestinal bacteria models using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Mass data were acquired by the MSE method. Eight components including five prototypes and three metabolites were identified in rat biofluids after oral administration of the nonpolysaccharide fraction. The parent compounds underwent various metabolic processes, including hydrolysis, deglucosylation, glycosylation and sulfate conjugation. The results not only reveal the possible metabolic pathway, but also indicate the potential pharmacological components. Further mechanistic studies using nonpolysaccharide compounds of the B. striata extract are required to obtain potential candidate compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rapid Characterization and Identification of Chemical Constituents in Gentiana radix before and after Wine-Processed by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123222. [PMID: 30563266 PMCID: PMC6320831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana radix is used in traditional Chinese medicine and has functions of clearing heat and drying dampness, as well as purging liver and gallbladder fire. A highly sensitive and effective strategy for rapid screening and identification of target constituents has been developed by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) in crude and wine-processed Gentiana radix. Based on the accurate mass measurement (<5 ppm), retention times, and MS fragmentation ions, 52 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from Gentiana radix, including 21 iridoids, 11 flavonoids, 19 xanthones, and a triterpenoid. This study demonstrated that the established method could be a rapid, effective analytical tool for screening and characterization of compounds in the complex systems of Gentiana radix. By comparing the structure and peak areas of chemical constituents in crude and wine-processed Gentiana radix, we found that some compounds in crude and wine-processed Gentiana radix were significantly different.
Collapse
|