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Chhillar M, Kukkar D, Kumar Yadav A, Kim KH. Nitrogen doped carbon dots and gold nanoparticles mediated FRET for the detection of creatinine in human urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124752. [PMID: 38945007 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Serum creatinine (CR) is regarded as one of the most sought out prognostic biomarkers in medical evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In light of the diagnostic significance of CR, the utility of a fluorescence biosensor for its detection in human urine specimens has been explored based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) across nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). A straightforward microwave-assisted synthesis procedure has been adopted to prepare N-CDs (λexcitation = 400 nm, λemission = 540 ± 5 nm) with bright green emissions. On addition of pre-synthesized GNPs, the radiative emanation of the N-CDs is completely suppressed on account of FRET across the N-CDs and the GNPs. About 77 % of their fluorescence intensity is recovered after adding CR to GNPs@N-CDs nanocomposite. The limit of detection for CR sensing is estimated as 0.02 µg•mL-1. This biosensor is selective enough to recognize CR in the existence of potential interfering substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, glutathione, urea, and electrolytes). Its practical utility for CR detection has been validated further on the basis of satisfactory correlation with the benchmark Jaffe method, as observed in artificial/human urine specimens. Consequently, this manuscript marks a pioneering report on employing CDs and GNPs-based FRET for identifying CR in urine specimens of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chhillar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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Xu J, Han J, Jin S, Yu B, Li X, Ma X, Sun L, Li C, Zhao L, Ni X. Modulation of mercaptopurine intestinal toxicity and pharmacokinetics by gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116975. [PMID: 38925017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and mercaptopurine (6-MP), a crucial drug used in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, has not been extensively studied. Here we reveal the significant perturbation of gut microbiota after 2-week 6-MP treatment in beagles and mice followed by the functional prediction that showed impairment of SCFAs production and altered amino acid synthesis. And the targeted metabolomics in plasma also showed changes in amino acids. Additionally, targeted metabolomics analysis of feces showed changes in amino acids and SCFAs. Furthermore, ablating the intestinal microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics exacerbated the imbalance of amino acids, particularly leading to a significant decrease in the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Importantly, the depletion of gut microbiota worsened the damage of small intestine caused by 6-MP, resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Considering the relationship between toxicity and 6-MP metabolites, we conducted a pharmacokinetic study in pseudo germ-free rats to confirm that gut microbiota depletion altered the methylation metabolites of 6-MP. Specifically, the concentration of MeTINs, a secondary methylation metabolite, showed a negative correlation with SAM, the pivotal methyl donor. Additionally, we observed a strong correlation between Alistipes and SAM levels in both feces and plasma. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that 6-MP disrupts the gut microbiota, and depleting the gut microbiota exacerbates 6-MP-induced intestinal toxicity. Moreover, SAM derived from microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing plasma SAM and the methylation of 6-MP. These findings underscore the importance of comprehending the role of the gut microbiota in 6-MP metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Siyao Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Boran Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | | | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
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Wang H, Ni X, Dong W, Qin W, Xu L, Jiang Y. Accurately quantified plasma free glycine concentration as a biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Amino Acids 2023; 55:385-402. [PMID: 36697969 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method to study the change of plasma levels of free glycine (Gly) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Twenty-four patients with AIS confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were enrolled. During the study period, the patients did not receive any supplemental amino acids therapy that could affect the obtained results. Our results showed that although AIS patients adopted different methods of treatment (thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic), the clinical NIHSS score of AIS showed a downward trend whereas Gly concentration showed increased trend. Moreover, plasma free Gly concentration was positively correlated with ASPECTS score. The correlation between Gly levels and infarct volume showed a statistical significance. That is to say, higher Gly level predicted smaller infarct size. Thus, the change of free Gly level in plasma could be considered as a potential biomarker of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weiman Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
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Nie LJ, Liang J, Shan F, Xu YY, Yan CY, Zhou X, Cheng ZY, Xia QR. A UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of endogenous l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine in serum of patients with depression. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e4991. [PMID: 33119931 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of l-carnitine (LC) and acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) in human serum was developed. Acetyl-l-carnitine-d3 (ALC-d3 ) was selected as internal standard (IS). After protein precipitation with acetonitrile-water (1 mL, 2:1, v/v), the analytes and IS were separated on a 2.5-μm XSelect HSS T3 C18 column by gradient elution with methanol-water (containing 0.01% ammonia water) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring using a positive scan mode with electrospray ionization. Good linearity (R2 > 0.999) was observed in the concentration range for LC and ALC. The inter- and intra-day values of relative error were -10.4% to 10.0% with CVs less than 9.84%. The average recoveries of the two analytes were 91.29%-98.23%. Blood samples containing LC and ALC were stable under various storage conditions. Normal, haemolytic, and hyperlipidaemic serum had no significant effect on the quantification of LC and ALC. This method was successfully applied to study the concentrations of endogenous LC and ALC in the serum of patients with first-episode depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
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