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Zhang Z, Yang Q, Jin M, Wang J, Chai Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Tamoxifen upregulates the peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme Enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106585. [PMID: 38734232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor modulator that has been reported to alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, but the mechanism is still unclear. Peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation is the main metabolic pathway for the overload of long-chain fatty acids. As long-chain fatty acids are a cause of hepatic lipid accumulation, the activation of peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation might be a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of tamoxifen against hepatic lipid accumulation based on the activation of peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation. Tamoxifen reduced liver long-chain fatty acids and relieved hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet mice without sex difference. In vitro, tamoxifen protected primary hepatocytes against palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, the RNA-sequence of hepatocytes isolated from the liver revealed that peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation was activated by tamoxifen. Protein and mRNA expression of enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase were significantly increased in vivo and in vitro. Small interfering RNA enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase in primary hepatocytes abolished the therapeutic effects of tamoxifen in lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our results indicated that tamoxifen could relieve hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet mice based on the activation of enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase-mediated peroxisome fatty acids β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinqin Yang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nagatomo R, Ichikawa A, Kaneko H, Inoue K. Comparison of 3-nitrophenylhydrazine, O-benzyl hydroxylamine, and 2-picolylamine derivatizations for analysis of short-chain fatty acids through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:843-851. [PMID: 38112959 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites derived from gut microbiota and implicated in host homeostasis. Hence, the profiling SCFAs from biological samples plays an important role in revealing the interaction between gut microbiota and pathogens. Previous studies, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with various derivatization strategies have been performed to obtain the SCFA profiles from biological samples. However, it is poor evidence to compare these derivatization regents and conditions. Thus, we present the evaluation of three major derivatization reagents, namely 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH), O-benzylhydroxylamine (O-BHA), and 2-picolylamine (2-PA), for the analysis of eight SCFAs classified as C2-C5 isomers using LC-MS/MS. First, in a reversed-phase LC separation, 3-NPH showed good retention capacity. Although O-BHA derivatization showed higher sensitivity and good retention capacity than 2-PA, only 2-PA derivatization could successfully separate eight SCFAs. The matrix effects in human serum ranged 77.1-99.0% (RSD ≤ 3.4%, n = 6) for 3-NPH derivatives, 91.0-94.6% (RSD ≤ 5.4%, n = 6) for O-BHA derivatives, 81.6-99.5% (RSD ≤ 8.0%, n = 6) for 2-PA derivatives. These compared results showed each characteristic of 3-NPH, O-BHA, and 2-PA for SCFA derivatization based on LC-MS/MS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nagatomo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Aoi Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Haruki Kaneko
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Wang A, Fan Y, Fu J, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Isoniazid derivatization strategy of carboxyl-containing metabolites for LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6345-6353. [PMID: 37620605 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a biochemical analysis tool for identifying metabolic phenotypes and used to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of disease and to inform drug-targeted therapies. Carboxyl-containing metabolites (CCMs) account for an important proportion of the metabolome, but because of the diversity of physical and chemical properties of CCMs in biological samples, traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) targeted metabolome analysis methods cannot achieve simultaneous quantification of multiple types of CCMs. Therefore, we proposed for the first time a targeted metabolomics strategy using isoniazid derivatization combined with LC-MS/MS to simultaneously quantify 39 CCMs of 5 different types (short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, bile acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolic pathway acids) with large polarity differences associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and significantly improve the detection coverage and sensitivity. The yields of isoniazid derivative CCMs were high and could guarantee the accuracy of CCM quantification. The LODs of CCMs increased significantly (1.25-2000-fold) after derivatization. The method showed good selectivity, intra-day and inter-day accuracies and precisions, and repeatability. There was no significant effect on the determination of CCMs in terms of matrix effect and recovery. CCMs showed good stability. And CCMs showed good stability under short-term storage and freeze-thaw cycles. At the same time, the regulatory effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (SG) herb pair on CCM metabolic disorders in feces, urine, serum, and the brain of AD rats were elucidated from the perspective of targeted metabolomics. In combination with pharmacodynamic evaluation and gut microbiota analysis, the mechanism of SG herb pair on AD rats was comprehensively understood. In summary, this innovative isoniazid derivatization combined with a targeted metabolomics method has great potential for trace biological lineage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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Fu Z, Zhang H, Zeng Z, Ning F, Xu Z, Liu C, Zhang M, Hu P. A pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids in a fecal sample. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200671. [PMID: 36285380 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids have plentiful biological functions, which play a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Herein, a new method for simultaneous quantifying 17 short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector was developed and the pre-column derivatization by indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide was performed to improve the separation and detection. The conditions of the derivatization reaction were systematically investigated. Subsequently, the method was validated and the results showed a satisfactory linearity (linear regression coefficients > 0.9969), the limit of detection (4.0×10-3 -1.9×10-2 μmol/L), precision (0.9%-7.3% for intra-day and 2.0%-9.8% for inter-day), recovery (90.0%-109.1% with relative standard deviation <7.7%) and stability (0.1%-3.3% for standard solution and 0.2%-3.9% for fecal sample). Finally, the established method was successfully applied to quantify short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids in the feces of healthy control and diabetic rats. Eleven kinds of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids were detected and six of them showed a significant difference between the control group and the model group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Fanghong Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- China Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Short-chain fatty acids profiling in biological samples from a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome based on derivatized LC-MS/MS assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Tong M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Xing L, Bi K, Li Q. A convenient and efficient 4-(diethylamino)-butylamine-labeled polarity-response-homodispersed strategy for absolute quantification of carboxyl submetabolome: Monitoring the whole progressive course of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Derivatization-Based Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Biological Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175717. [PMID: 36080484 PMCID: PMC9458108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) play pleiotropic roles in living organisms, acting as signaling molecules and gene regulators. They are present in plants and foods and may affect human health by food ingestion. As a consequence, analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids, plants and foods have attracted high interest. Undoubtedly, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable technique for the analysis of FAs. Due to the inherent poor ionization efficiency of FAs, their chemical derivatization prior to analysis is often employed. Usually, the derivatization of the FA carboxyl group aims to charge reversal, allowing detection and quantification in positive ion mode, thus, resulting in an increase in sensitivity in determination. Another approach is the derivatization of the double bond of unsaturated FAs, which aims to identify the double bond location. The present review summarizes the various classes of reagents developed for FA derivatization and discusses their applications in the liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) analysis of FAs in various matrices, including plasma and feces. In addition, applications for the determination of eicosanoids and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are discussed.
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8
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Feng X, Liu N, Yang Y, Feng S, Wang J, Meng Q. Isotope-Coded Chemical Derivatization Method for Highly Accurately and Sensitively Quantifying Short-Chain Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6253-6263. [PMID: 35549180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut microbiota-derived metabolites, which can reshape the intestine and regulate gut immunity. The application of conventional GC methods has been hampered for quantifying low-concentrated SCFAs, such as in serum, saliva, and digesta of germ-free animals. Herein, we established a LC-MS method to quantify SCFAs after 5-(dimethylamino)-1-carbohydrazide-isoquinoline (DMAQ) derivatization. The DMAQ derivatization significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity and improved separation of SCFAs. 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid were separately quantitated. Moreover, the matrix effect was diminished using DMAQ-13C/15N-tagged SCFAs as internal standards. The established quantitation method was successfully applied in the analysis of plasma and cecum digesta collected from neonatal piglets, revealing that significant increases in biological SCFA contents in cecum digesta were closely related to the variation of gut microbial diversity. The established quantitation method is capable of sensitively and comprehensively quantifying SCFAs that may provide insights into underlying gut-microbiota functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Feng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Liu
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengnan Feng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Osada Y, Nakagawa S, Ishibe K, Takao S, Shimazaki A, Itohara K, Imai S, Yonezawa A, Nakagawa T, Matsubara K. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion alters renal glucose metabolism and exacerbates renal injury after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F455-F465. [PMID: 34423680 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00111.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on host glucose homeostasis. The kidney has a critical role in systemic glucose homeostasis; however, information regarding the association between AIMD and renal glucose metabolism remains limited. Hence, we aimed to determine the effects of AIMD on renal glucose metabolism by inducing gut microbiome depletion using an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) composed of ampicillin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin in mice. The results showed that bacterial 16s rRNA expression, luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. In addition, ABX treatment significantly reduced renal glucose and pyruvate levels. mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the renal cortex were significantly higher in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. We further examined the impact of AIMD on the altered metabolic status in mice after ischemia-induced kidney injury. After exposure to ischemia for 60 min, renal pyruvate concentrations were significantly lower in ABX-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. ABX treatment caused a more severe tubular injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Our findings confirm that AIMD is associated with decreased pyruvate levels in the kidney, which may have been caused by the activation of renal gluconeogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that AIMD would increase the vulnerability of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study aimed to determine the impact of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion (AIMD) on renal glucose metabolism in mice. This is the first report confirming that AIMD is associated with decreased levels of pyruvate, a key intermediate in glucose metabolism, which may have been caused by activation of renal gluconeogenesis. We hypothesized that AIMD can increase the susceptibility of the kidney to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Osada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishibe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Takao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aimi Shimazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Itohara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Shrestha R, Chen Z, Gao Z, Chen Y, Okada E, Ukawa S, Nakagawa T, Nakamura K, Tamakoshi A, Chiba H, Hui SP. HPLC with spectrophotometric or mass spectrometric detection for quantifying very-long chain fatty acids in human plasma and its association with cardiac risk factors. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 58:400-410. [PMID: 33730871 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211007157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed and compared two liquid chromatography methods, one with UV/Visible spectrophotometric detection (HPLC) and the other with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS), for quantifying very-long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in human plasma. Association of VLCFA with various cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. METHOD Fasting blood samples were collected from 541 human volunteers (242 men and 299 women; mean age ±SD, 58.9 ± 12.4 years), including 429 and 112 individuals with and without hypertriglyceridemia, respectively. Esterified VLCFA were saponified and derivatized with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine. Separation of VLCFA species was achieved with C4 Mightysil column (HPLC) and Ascentis Express Phenyl-Hexyl column (LC-MS) followed by spectrophotometric and selected-reaction monitoring mode of mass spectrometric detection, respectively. RESULTS The HPLC assay of VLCFA was precise with intra-assay imprecision of 2.5% to 6.9% and inter-assay imprecision of 3.2% to 9.5%. Moreover, there was an excellent correlation (r > 0.96) between HPLC and LC-MS methods. The 95 percentile reference intervals (RI; upper limit) of VLCFA were determined to be 41.3 µmol/L in healthy volunteers. Plasma VLCFA were significantly correlated with triglycerides (Spearman's ρ = 0.306, P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (Spearman's ρ = 0.251, P < 0.001). All species of VLCFA were significantly elevated in hypertriglyceridaemic individuals compared with control. CONCLUSION We established LC-based assays of VLCFA with either spectrophotometry or mass spectrometry as a detection system. Hypertriglyceridaemia is significantly associated with elevated concentration of each species of VLCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojeet Shrestha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zijun Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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12
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Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Total Fatty Acids in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100400. [PMID: 33050140 PMCID: PMC7601559 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports a targeted metabolomic method for total plasma fatty acids (FAs) of clinical or nutritional relevance. Thirty-six saturated, unsaturated, or branched-chain FAs with a chain length of C8-C28 were quantified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FAs in plasma (10 μL) were acid-hydrolyzed, extracted, and derivatized with DAABD-AE (4-[2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) at 60 °C for 1 h. Derivatization resulted in a staggering nine orders of magnitude higher sensitivity compared to underivatized analytes. FAs were measured by multiple-reaction monitoring using stable isotope internal standards. With physiological and pathological analyte levels in mind, linearity was established using spiked plasma. Intra-day (n = 15) and inter-day (n = 20) imprecisions expressed as variation coefficient were ≤10.2% with recovery ranging between 94.5–106.4%. Limits of detection and limit of quantitation ranged between 4.2–14.0 and 15.1–51.3 pmol per injection, respectively. Age-stratified reference intervals were established in four categories: <1 month, 1–12 month, 1–18 year, and >18 year. This method was assessed using samples from patients with disorders affecting FAs metabolism. For the first time, C28:0 and C28:0/C22:0 ratio were evaluated as novel disease biomarkers. This method can potentially be utilized in diagnosing patients with inborn errors of metabolism, chronic disease risk estimation, or nutritional applications.
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Chemical derivatization-based LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Saccardo A, Casagni E, Arnoldi S, Gambaro V, Saresella M, Mario C, La Rosa F, Marventano I, Piancone F, Roda G. A straightforward LC-MS/MS analysis to study serum profile of short and medium chain fatty acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1154:121982. [PMID: 32862023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Short and medium fatty acids derived from either dietary sources, gut microbiota, and liver production might play a role in the modulation of metabolism and inflammation. The outcome of different autoimmune or inflammatory diseases could be related to microbiota composition and consequently fatty acids production. Their analytical detection, historically completed by GC, was herein investigated using a sensitive approach of LC-MS/MS with straightforward chemical derivatization, using 3-NPH, to the respective acylhydrazines. An isopropanol protein precipitation coupled to LC-MS/MS analysis allowed to separate and quantify butyric, valeric, hexanoic acid and their branched forms. The serum physiological ranges of short and medium chain fatty acids were determined in a heterogeneous healthy population (n = 54) from 18 to 85 years finding a concentration of 935.6 ± 246.5 (butyric), 698.8 ± 204.7 (isobutyric), 62.9 ± 15.3 (valeric), 1155.0 ± 490.4 (isovaleric) and 468.7 ± 377.5 (hexanoic) ng/mL respectively (mean ± SD). As expected, the biological levels in human serum are reasonably wide-ranging depending on several factors such as body-weight, gut microbiome dysbiosis, gut permeability, cardiometabolic dysregulation, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Saccardo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veniero Gambaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Saresella
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Clerici Mario
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca La Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Marventano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Piancone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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