Simple LC-MS/MS method using core-shell ODS microparticles for the simultaneous quantitation of edoxaban and its major metabolites in human plasma

Investigation of the electrochemical properties of edoxaban using glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond electrodes and development of an eco-friendly and cost effective voltammetric method for its determination

In this study, the highly risky drug Edoxaban (EDX), which can threaten life and cause bleeding, was electro analytically evaluated. The electrochemical behavior of EDX was investigated using glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). In this study, for the first time, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective voltammetric technique was developed by using different electrodes for the electrochemical characterization and detection of EDX. The optimized voltammetric technique showed anodic signals of EDX at +1.09 V and +1.08 V on GCE and BDDE, respectively, in BR (pH 5.0) solution. The developed voltammetric method provided a very good analytical working range for EDX in BR (pH 5.0) solution on GCE and BDDE, covering concentration ranges from 1.84 μM to 12.88 μM and from 3.68 μM to 14.72 μM, respectively. The limits of detection for EDX on GCE and BDDE under these experimental conditions were calculated as 0.24 μM and 0.57 μM, respectively. The developed voltammetric methods on both electrodes were successfully applied to urine and tablet samples. Additionally, the obtained voltammetric results were compared with UV-Vis spectroscopy results.

Stability of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Concentrations in Blood Samples for Accessibility Expansion of Chromogenic Assays

Background and Objectives: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used for minimising the risk of thromboembolic events. In clinical practice, there is no need to measure DOAC concentration in the routine. Nevertheless, there are cases where such measurements are necessary, as the European Society of Cardiology's guideline recommends. However, determining DOAC levels is not available for everyone due to chromogenic assay availability limitations from sample storage problems, as tests are performed only in a few healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess whether more applicable storage conditions could be used for transportation to provide chromogenic assays for outpatient healthcare and other hospitals' practices. Materials and Methods: Chromogenic assays measuring anti-FXa (for rivaroxaban and edoxaban) and anti-FIIa (for dabigatran) were used. Concentrations were determined immediately after blood collection as baseline value: (1) after the storage of citrated whole blood in refrigerator (+2-8 °C); (2) of citrated plasma in refrigerator (+2-8 °C); and (3) of citrated frozen plasma (-20 °C) on the third and seventh days of storage. Acceptable change limits were considered stable if the deviation did not exceed ±20% of the baseline value. Results: The median (Cl 95%) baseline value of rivaroxaban was 168 (147-236) ng/mL; of dabigatran 139 (99-178) ng/mL; and of edoxaban-174 (135-259) ng/mL. The median deviation from a baseline value stored as citrate whole blood samples (+2-8 °C) was 5.4% and 3.4%; as citrated plasma (+2-8 °C) was 0.4% and -0.6%; and as citrated frozen plasma (-20 °C) was -0.2% and 0.2% on the third and seventh days of storage, respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that whole blood samples stored in a refrigerator, as well as citrated plasma samples stored in both the refrigerator and freezer, preserve DOAC concentration stable at +2-8 °C or -20 °C for up to 7 days, and are suitable for transportation, except for low-concentration samples.

Comparative metabolism study on chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid using UHPLC-Q-TOF MS coupled with network pharmacology

Chlorogenic acid (5-CQA), neochlorogenic acid (3-CQA), and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), usually simultaneously exist in many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, insufficient attentions have been paid to the comparative metabolism study on these three isomeric constituents with similar effects on anti-inflammation until now. In this study, a novel strategy was established to perform comparative analysis of their metabolic fates in rats and elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of anti-inflammation. Firstly, diagnostic product ions (DPIs) deduced from the representative reference standards were adopted to rapidly screen and characterize the metabolites in rat plasma, urine and faeces using UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. Subsequently, Network pharmacology was utilized to elucidate their anti-inflammatory mechanism. Consequently, a total of 73 metabolites were detected and characterized, including 50, 47 and 43 metabolites for 5-CQA, 4-CQA and 3-CQA, orderly. Moreover, the network pharmacology study indicated that these three isomeric constituents and their major metabolites with similar in vivo metabolic pathways exerted anti-inflammatory effects through co-owned 20 biological processes, which involved 10 major signal pathways and 159 potential targets. Our study shed light on the similarities and differences of the metabolic profiling and anti-inflammatory activity among these three isomeric constituents and set an example for the further researches on the active mechanism of isomeric constituents existing in TCMs based on comparative metabolism study.