1
|
Pérez Gómez AA, Wang M, Kochan K, Amstalden K, Young CR, Welsh CJ, Phillips TD, Brinkmeyer-Langford CL. C57BL/6J mice exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid demonstrate altered immune responses and increased seizures after Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228509. [PMID: 37600798 PMCID: PMC10434537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurological diseases can stem from environmental influences such as antecedent viral infections or exposure to potential toxicants, some of which can trigger immune responses leading to neurological symptoms. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is used to model human neurological conditions associated with prior viral infections, with outcomes partly attributable to improper induction and regulation of the immune response. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can alter pathologies known to influence neurological disease such as inflammatory responses, cytokine expression, and glial activation. Co-exposure to TMEV and PFOA was used to test the hypothesis that early life exposure to the potential immunotoxicant PFOA would affect immune responses so as to render TMEV-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mice susceptible to viral-induced neurological disease. Methods Neonate B6 mice were exposed to different treatments: non-injected, sham-infected with PBS, and TMEV-infected, with the drinking water of each group including either 70 ppt PFOA or filtered water. The effects of PFOA were evaluated by comparing neurological symptoms and changes in immune-related cytokine and chemokine production induced by viral infection. Immune responses of 23 cytokines and chemokines were measured before and after infection to determine the effects of PFOA exposure on immune response. Results Prior to infection, an imbalance between Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokines was observed in PFOA-exposed mice, suppressing IL-4 and IL-13 production. However, the balance was restored and characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the non-infected group, and a decrease in IL-10 in the PFOA + TMEV group. Furthermore, the PFOA + TMEV group experienced an increase in seizure frequency and severity. Discussion Overall, these findings provide insight into the complex roles of immune responses in the pathogenesis of virus-associated neurological diseases influenced by co-exposures to viruses and immunotoxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aracely A. Pérez Gómez
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Meichen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kelli Kochan
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Katia Amstalden
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Colin R. Young
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - C. Jane Welsh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Timothy D. Phillips
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Candice L. Brinkmeyer-Langford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lab-in-syringe automated protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction coupled online to UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340966. [PMID: 36925276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method involving tandem implementation of protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction was developed for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. The entire procedure was automated using a computer-controlled syringe pump following the Lab-In-Syringe approach. It is based on the denaturation of serum proteins with acetonitrile followed by salt-induced phase separation upon which the proteins accumulate as a compact layer at the interphase of the solutions. The extract is then separated and diluted in-syringe before being submitted to online coupled UHPLC-MS/MS. A 1 mL glass syringe containing a small stir bar for solution mixing at up to 3000 rpm, was used to deal with sample volumes as small as 100 μL. A sample throughput of 7 h-1 was achieved by performing the chromatographic run and sample preparation procedure in parallel. Linear working ranges were obtained for all analytes between 5 and 100 ng mL-1, with LOD values ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 ng mL-1. Accuracy values in the range of 88.2-106% and high precision of <11% RSD suggest applicability for routine analysis that can be further improved using deuterated standards.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chung SM, Heo DG, Kim JH, Yoon JS, Lee HW, Kim JY, Moon JS, Won KC. Perfluorinated compounds in adults and their association with fasting glucose and incident diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2022; 21:101. [PMID: 36289510 PMCID: PMC9597959 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocrine disruption of perfluorinated compounds is an emerging issue. We aimed to examine the association of serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) levels with incident diabetes and fasting serum glucose concentration. METHODS This prospective cohort study was based on an urban-based cohort subpopulation from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Serum samples (600 µL) were received from 100 participants in the normoglycemic baseline survey (2004-2013), and concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were measured using mass spectrometry. The incidence of diabetes was tracked in the follow-up survey (2012-2016). RESULTS The mean age was 56.4 years (men, 59%). The median serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations were 4.29 ng/mL and 9.44 ng/mL, respectively. PFOA and PFOS concentrations differed according to age, sex, and residential area. After 60 months, 23 patients had diabetes. Log-transformed PFOA (lnPFOA) and log-transformed PFOS (lnPFOS) were significantly higher in those who transitioned to diabetes than in those who did not (both p < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, lnPFOA (coefficient = 6.98, 95% CI -0.04-14, p = 0.054) and lnPFOS (coefficient = 7.06, 95% CI -0.96-15.08, p = 0.088) predicted increased fasting glucose without statistical significance. In addition, lnPFOA, but not lnPFOS, significantly predicted incident diabetes (HR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.42-11.1, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Exposure to PFOA and PFOS may have a potential dysglycemic effect. In particular, exposure to PFOA increased the risk of diabetes. Further research with larger sample size is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Hyunchung-Ro 170, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Hyunchung-Ro 170, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Hyunchung-Ro 170, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Hyunchung-Ro 170, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Hyunchung-Ro 170, Nam-Gu, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|