1
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Zhang Y, Yan S, Bai Z. Effect of salt addition on the coalescence process of droplets on fiber. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Sun X, Zeng H, Tang T. Molecular Simulations on the Coalescence of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets with Non-ionic Surfactant and Model Asphaltene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2233-2245. [PMID: 36734483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water droplets in crude oil can be stabilized by the adsorption of interfacially active components, such as asphaltenes. Demulsifiers like non-ionic surfactants are commonly used to destabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were performed to study the coalescence of water droplets coated with both model asphaltene and non-ionic surfactants [PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer (SurP) or Brij surfactant (SurB)]. For the first time, we quantitatively studied the interaction force between water droplets in the presence of both asphaltenes and demulsifiers and addressed the effect of solvent property on the coalescence process. At the droplet surface, demulsifiers adsorbed closer to the water phase and formed more hydrogen bonds with water molecules compared to asphaltenes, indicating the capability of demulsifiers to break the asphaltene film. Comparing the two non-ionic surfactants, VO-79/SurP complexes formed a single-layer film on the droplet surface, while a two-layer structure was formed by VO-79/SurB complexes. This led to a higher repulsive force during droplet coalescence when SurB was present, regardless of the type of solvent. Comparing the two different solvents (toluene vs heptane), for the same adsorbates, the interfacial film was more compact in heptane and there were fewer dispersed VO-79. For VO-79/SurB adsorbates, the bridging of VO-79 led to a smaller repulsion during droplet coalescence when the solvent was heptane, while the difference is insignificant for VO-79/SurP adsorbates. This work suggests that the energy barrier and interaction force for droplet coalescence is highly dependent on the structure of interfacial films, thus providing atomic-level insights into the demulsification mechanisms of water-in-oil emulsions in the presence of surface-active asphaltenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 1H9, Canada
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3
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Yang N, Zhang Y, Su C, Zhu C, Jia J, Nishinari K. The effect of sodium alginate on the nanomechanical properties and interaction between oil body droplets studied using atomic force microscopy. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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4
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Liu S, Hu Y, Xia J, Li N, Fan H, Duan M. The attraction between like-charged oil-in-water emulsion droplets induced by ionic micelles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Eskhan A, Johnson D. Microscale characterization of abiotic surfaces and prediction of their biofouling/anti-biofouling potential using the AFM colloidal probe technique. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Ryu BK, Fenton SM, Nguyen TTD, Helgeson M, Zia RN. Modeling colloidal interactions that predict equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:224101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the interaction potential between colloids suspended in a fluid can trigger equilibrium phase transitions as well as formation of non-equilibrium 'arrested states' such as gels and glasses. Faithful representation of such interactions are essential for using simulation to interrogate the microscopic details of non-equilibrium behavior, and for extrapolating observations to new regions of phase space that are difficult to explore in experiment. Although the extended law of corresponding states predicts equilibrium phases for systems with short-ranged interactions, it proves inadequate for equilibrium predictions of systems with longer-ranged interactions, and for predicting non-equilibrium phenomena in systems with either short-ranged or long-ranged interactions. These shortcomings highlight the need for new approaches to represent and disambiguate interaction potentials that replicate both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase behavior. In this work, we use experiments and simulations to study a system with long-ranged thermoresponsive colloidal interactions and explore whether a resolution to this challenge can be found in regions of the phase diagram where temporal effects influence material state. We demonstrate that the conditions for non-equilibrium arrest by colloidal gelation are sensitive to both the shape of the interaction potential and the thermal quench rate. We exploit this sensitivity to propose a kinetics-based algorithm to extract distinct arrest conditions for candidate potentials that accurately selects between potentials that differ in shape but share the same predicted equilibrium structure. The method reveals that each potential has a quantitatively distinct arrest line, providing insight into how the shape of longer-ranged potentials influences the conditions for colloidal gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Ryu
- Stanford University, United States of America
| | - Scott M Fenton
- University of California Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew Helgeson
- University of California Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Roseanna N. Zia
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, United States of America
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7
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Abstract
Oil–water emulsions are widely generated in industries, which may facilitate some processes (e.g., transportation of heavy oil, storage of milk, synthesis of chemicals or materials, etc.) or lead to serious upgrading or environmental issues (e.g., pipeline plugging, corrosions to equipment, water pollution, soil pollution, etc.). Herein, the sources, classification, formation, stabilization, and separation of oil–water emulsions are systematically summarized. The roles of different interfacially active materials–especially the fine particles–in stabilizing the emulsions have been discussed. The advanced development of micro force measurement technologies for oil–water emulsion investigation has also been presented. To provide insights for future industrial application, the separation of oil–water emulsions by different methods are summarized, as well as the introduction of some industrial equipment and advanced combined processes. The gaps between some demulsification processes and industrial applications are also touched upon. Finally, the development perspectives of oil–water treatment technology are discussed for the purpose of achieving high-efficiency, energy-saving, and multi-functional treatment. We hope this review could bring forward the challenges and opportunities for future research in the fields of petroleum production, coal production, iron making, and environmental protection, etc.
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Ho TM, Abik F, Mikkonen KS. An overview of nanoemulsion characterization via atomic force microscopy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4908-4928. [PMID: 33543990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsion-based systems are widely applied in food industries for protecting active ingredients against oxidation and degradation and controlling the release rate of active core ingredients under particular conditions. Visualizing the interface morphology and measuring the interfacial interaction forces of nanoemulsion droplets are essential to tailor and design intelligent nanoemulsion-based systems. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is being established as an important technique for interface characterization, due to its unique advantages over traditional imaging and surface force-determining approaches. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the applicability of AFM in characterizing the droplet interface properties of nanoemulsions. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the AFM technique and nanoemulsions, mainly focusing on the recent use of AFM to investigate nanoemulsion properties. In addition, by reviewing interfacial studies on emulsions in general, perspectives for the further development of AFM to study nanoemulsions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Minh Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Felix Abik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Gu Z, Li Z, Xu Z, Lu C, Liu C, Jiang Y, Lu T. Experimental Investigation on Microscopic Force Measurement of Foam and Heavy Oil. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14748-14762. [PMID: 33213147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper combined experiments with a theoretical model to simulate the behavior between a foam and heavy oil during contact pressing, separation, and adsorption. We discuss the changes in the elasticity and adsorption forces during the pressing and adsorption of the two fluids. The influence of the changes in temperature and pressure, the concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant, the heavy oil viscosity, and the addition of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles was studied. The results showed that the overall increase in the elasticity and adsorption forces between the foam at 1 wt % surfactant and heavy oil was more than 2 times greater than those of the foam with 0.2 wt % surfactant. The increase in viscosity of heavy oil also increased various forces. The overall improvement in the adsorption force between fluids caused by nanoparticles during separation and adsorption stages reached 1.8 times, which was better than that obtained using the polymer (1.65 times). However, the polymer showed a 1.4 times higher elastic force during the fluid pressing stage than the nanoparticles and about 4 times higher than the control foam, and the increase in temperature greatly weakened the effect of the force, while the change in pressure did not cause much impact. An analytical model was built based on fluid mechanics, and the calculation results were consistent with the experimental data with an error of about 5-12%, suggesting that this model provides a good reference value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Gu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhaomin Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhengxiao Xu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chen Lu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chenwei Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Youwei Jiang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Teng Lu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, China University of Petroleum (East China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China
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10
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Ding H, Mettu S, Rahman SS. Impacts of Smart Waters on Calcite–Crude Oil Interactions Quantified by “Soft Tip” Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Surface Complexation Modeling (SCM). Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Ding
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Srinivas Mettu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sheikh S. Rahman
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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11
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Zhang Y, Xing Y, Ding S, Cao Y, Gui X. New method to measure interaction force between particle and air bubble/water droplet using a micro-Newton mechanics testing instrument. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Ding H, Mettu S, Rahman S. Probing the Effects of Ca 2+, Mg 2+, and SO 42– on Calcite–Oil Interactions by “Soft Tip” Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Ding
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Srinivas Mettu
- School of Chemistry and the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sheik Rahman
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Miklavcic SJ, Fung C. Quantifying the force between mercury and mica across an ionic liquid using white light interferometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 538:218-227. [PMID: 30508742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Under axisymmetric conditions, changes in the thickness of the thin film between a fluid drop and a solid revealed by white light interferometry can provide information about the interaction of the bodies. Thus, in principle one can quantify the force between the surfaces using interferometric information of film thickness profile. This is needed to quantify and analyze drop-solid interactions across complex fluids such as an ionic liquid to independently characterize new surface forces. EXPERIMENTS Interferometric fringes were obtained in experiments on the interaction between a mercury drop and mica across a film of room temperature ionic liquid. The data is analyzed using a novel formula giving the total force acting on the drop. The calculations are compared with two other approaches to estimating forces. Qualitative and quantitative differences are discussed. FINDINGS This is the first report of forces measured between mercury and mica across an ionic liquid. The system is subjected to different applied electric potentials. In each case a long ranged, exponentially decaying repulsive force is found. At small separations, the system becomes unstable and the surfaces jump into contact. The comparison of force calculation methods demonstrates the superiority of the force approach proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - C Fung
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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15
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Ditscherlein L, Jolan Gulden S, Müller S, Baumann RP, Peuker UA, Nirschl H. Measuring interactions between yeast cells and a micro-sized air bubble via atomic force microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:689-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Gunning AP, Morris VJ. Getting the feel of food structure with atomic force microscopy. Food Hydrocoll 2018; 78:62-76. [PMID: 29725154 PMCID: PMC5873460 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the progress in the development of the atomic force microscope as an imaging tool and a force transducer, with particular reference to applications in food science. Use as an imaging tool has matured and emphasis is placed on the novel insights gained from the use of the technique to study food macromolecules and food colloids, and the subsequent applications of this new knowledge in food science. Use as a force transducer is still emerging and greater emphasis is given on the methodology and analysis. Where available, applications of force measurements between molecules or between larger colloidal particles are discussed, where they have led to new insights or solved problems related to food science. The future prospects of the technique in imaging or through force measurements are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Patrick Gunning
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK1
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17
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Mettu S, Wu C, Dagastine RR. Dynamic forces between emulsified water drops coated with Poly-Glycerol-Poly-Ricinoleate (PGPR) in canola oil. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 517:166-175. [PMID: 29421676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic collision of emulsified water drops in the presence of non-ionic surfactants plays a crucial role in many practical applications. Interaction force between water drops coated with non-ionic food grade surfactants is expected to exhibit rich dynamic behavior that is not yet explored. The collision forces between immobilized water drops in canola oil in the presence of a well-known food grade surfactant polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) are measured at concentrations well below typically used to form stable emulsions. An extension or kink, attributed to a short-range attractive interaction due to PGPR bridging between the drops, was observed in the retract portion of the force curves at higher applied forces or slower collision velocities. The Stokes-Reynolds-Young-Laplace (SRYL) model was used to calculate theoretical force curves. For higher collisions velocities, the agreement between the calculated and experiment data was acceptable, but the SRYL model failed to describe the extension or kink feature observed at slower velocities below. Both the AFM data and the comparison to the model calculation indicated the presence of a short-range attractive force, not of a hydrodynamic origin, attributed to the bridging and extension of PGPR molecules on the surface of water drops below saturation of the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Mettu
- Particulate Fluids Processing Center (PFPC), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chu Wu
- Particulate Fluids Processing Center (PFPC), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Raymond R Dagastine
- Particulate Fluids Processing Center (PFPC), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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18
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Horesh A, Morozov M, Manor O. Enhanced drainage and thinning of liquid films between bubbles and solids that support surface waves. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:052803. [PMID: 28618635 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.052803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the thinning and drainage of the intermediate liquid film between a bubble and a solid surface at close proximity in the presence of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) in the solid. Specifically, we employ the diffraction of light to observe a long air bubble confined in a solid rectangular channel filled with silicone oil. This setup, constituting a two-dimensional physical model of thin film drainage, allows us to analyze the influence of a SAW on the rate of thinning of the micron-thick liquid film separating the bubble and the solid substrate. The viscous penetration of the SAW into the liquid imposes a convective drift of mass, redistributing the fluid in the film against capillary resistance and producing a net drift of liquid out of the film. The rate of drainage of liquid from the film increases by one to several orders of magnitude in comparison to the rate of drainage due to the Laplace pressure of the bubble alone. The experimental findings agree well with a newly developed theory describing the SAW-enhanced drainage as a competition between the capillary flow and SAW-induced streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amihai Horesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Matvey Morozov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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19
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Ding H, Rahman S. Experimental and theoretical study of wettability alteration during low salinity water flooding-an state of the art review. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Escobar JV, Garza C, Castillo R. Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:813-825. [PMID: 28503393 PMCID: PMC5405680 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a procedure to perform and interpret pull-off force measurements during the jump-off-contact process between a liquid drop and rough surfaces using a conventional atomic force microscope. In this method, a micrometric liquid mercury drop is attached to an AFM tipless cantilever to measure the force required to pull this drop off a rough surface. We test the method with two surfaces: a square array of nanometer-sized peaks commonly used for the determination of AFM tip sharpness and a multi-scaled rough diamond surface containing sub-micrometer protrusions. Measurements are carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid water capillary interactions. We obtain information about the average force of adhesion between a single peak or protrusion and the liquid drop. This procedure could provide useful microscopic information to improve our understanding of wetting phenomena on rough surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V Escobar
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; P. O. Box 20-364, DF, México, 01000, Mexico
| | - Cristina Garza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; P. O. Box 20-364, DF, México, 01000, Mexico
| | - Rolando Castillo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; P. O. Box 20-364, DF, México, 01000, Mexico
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Zaibudeen A, Philip J. Multi-stimuli responsive nanofluid with easy-to-visualize structural color patterns. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Berry JD, Dagastine RR. Mapping coalescence of micron-sized drops and bubbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 487:513-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Kamp J, Villwock J, Kraume M. Drop coalescence in technical liquid/liquid applications: a review on experimental techniques and modeling approaches. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2015-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe coalescence phenomenon of drops in liquid/liquid systems is reviewed with particular focus on its technical relevance and application. Due to the complexity of coalescence, a comprehensive survey of the coalescence process and the numerous influencing factors is given. Subsequently, available experimental techniques with different levels of detail are summarized and compared. These techniques can be divided in simple settling tests for qualitative coalescence behavior investigations and gravity settler design, single-drop coalescence studies at flat interfaces as well as between droplets, and detailed film drainage analysis. To model the coalescence rate in liquid/liquid systems on a technical scale, the generic population balance framework is introduced. Additionally, different coalescence modeling approaches are reviewed with ascending level of detail from empirical correlations to comprehensive film drainage models and detailed computational fluid and particle dynamics.
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24
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Helgeson ME. Colloidal behavior of nanoemulsions: Interactions, structure, and rheology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Mahendran V, Philip J. Macromolecular conformation changes at oil-water interface in the presence of cations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Griffiths MR, Raudsepp A, McGrath KM, Williams MAK. Measuring the interaction between a pair of emulsion droplets using dual-trap optical tweezers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Force–separation curves measured from a singe pair of emulsion droplets as a function of salt concentration (fits are DLVO theory).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie R. Griffiths
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Riddet Institute
- Massey University
| | - Allan Raudsepp
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Kathryn M. McGrath
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Riddet Institute
- Massey University
| | - Martin A. K. Williams
- Riddet Institute
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
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27
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Wang W, Li K, Ma M, Jin H, Angeli P, Gong J. Review and perspectives of AFM application on the study of deformable drop/bubble interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 225:88-97. [PMID: 26344865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The applications of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) on the study of dynamic interactions and film drainage between deformable bodies dispersed in aqueous solutions are reviewed in this article. Novel experimental designs and recent advances in experimental methodologies are presented, which show the advantage of using AFM as a tool for probing colloidal interactions. The effects of both DLVO and non-DLVO forces on the colloid stabilization mechanism are discussed. Good agreement is found between the force - drop/bubble deformation behaviour revealed by AFM measurements and the theoretical modeling of film drainage process, giving a convincing explanation of the occurrence of certain phenomenon. However, the behaviour and shape of deformable drops as they approach or retract is still not well resolved. In addition, when surfactants are present further research is needed on the absorption of surfactant molecules into the interfaces, their mobility and the effects on interfacial film properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Panagiota Angeli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK. WC1E 7JE.
| | - Jing Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, Department of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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28
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Chen SA, Clasohm LY, Horn RG, Carnie SL. Osmotically Driven Deformation of a Stable Water Film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9582-9596. [PMID: 26262894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An aspect of dynamic colloidal interactions that has received little attention is the osmotic stress associated with nonequilibrium distribution of solutes. Recent experiments on a mercury drop near a mica surface show a dimple forming on the mercury/water interface when there is a sudden change in the electric potential of the mercury drop coated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11-mercapto-1-undecanoic acid thiol molecules. A reasonable hypothesis is that the dimple formation is due to the desorption of a fraction of the SAM from the mercury drop surface when the surface potential is changed. The osmotic pressure in the thin film region increases as a result of the presence of the thiol molecules in the region, giving rise to the observed dimple. A model including the effects of osmotic flow, disjoining pressure, interfacial tension and hydrodynamic pressure is developed to test the hypothesis. The simplest version of the model, in which desorption is uniform and instantaneous, can produce a dimple whose growth is significantly more rapid than its decay, in qualitative agreement with the data. However, quantitative agreement is lacking. Several refinements to the model, including effects such as the change in interfacial tension as thiols are desorbed, gradual thiol desorption, a change in disjoining pressure as charged thiols are desorbed and nonuniform desorption do not change the qualitative picture. The qualitative success of the model suggests the osmotic pressure mechanism is correct, but the detailed picture of the SAM desorption at positive mercury surface potentials is not sufficiently well understood. The model reveals that the osmotic dimple is not the time-reverse equivalent of the usual hydrodynamic dimple phenomenon. We suggest that transient deformation of thin films by osmotic flow is a new and little-studied mechanism influencing the structure of stable thin films and the interaction of deformable drops. This has implications for colloidal interactions in a broader range of systems where solute concentration may not be homogeneous, for example in solute transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue A Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville 3010, Australia
- IBM Research - Australia, Carlton 3053, Australia
| | - Lucy Y Clasohm
- Ian Wark Research Institute , Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Roger G Horn
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Burwood Highway, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Steven L Carnie
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville 3010, Australia
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29
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Browne C, Tabor RF, Grieser F, Dagastine RR. Direct AFM force measurements between air bubbles in aqueous monodisperse sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 451:69-77. [PMID: 25881266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural forces play an important role in the rheology, processing and stability of colloidal systems and complex fluids, with polyelectrolytes representing a key class of structuring colloids. Here, we explore the interactions between soft colloids, in the form of air bubbles, in solutions of monodisperse sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) as a model polyelectrolyte. It is found that by self-consistently modelling the force oscillations due to structuring of the polymer chains along with deformation of the bubbles, it is possible to precisely predict the interaction potential between approaching bubbles. In line with polyelectrolyte scaling theory, two distinct regimes of behaviour are seen, corresponding to dilute and semi-dilute polymer solutions. It is also seen that by blending monodisperse systems to give a bidisperse sample, the interaction forces between soft colloids can be controlled with a high degree of precision. At increasing bubble collision velocity, it is revealed that hydrodynamic flow overwhelms oscillatory structural interactions, showing the important disparity between equilibrium behaviour and dynamic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Browne
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Franz Grieser
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Raymond R Dagastine
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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30
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Measurement and modeling on hydrodynamic forces and deformation of an air bubble approaching a solid sphere in liquids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 217:31-42. [PMID: 25595420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between bubbles and solid surfaces is central to a broad range of industrial and biological processes. Various experimental techniques have been developed to measure the interactions of bubbles approaching solids in a liquid. A main challenge is to accurately and reliably control the relative motion over a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions and at the same time to determine the interaction forces, bubble-solid separation and bubble deformation. Existing experimental methods are able to focus only on one of the aspects of this problem, mostly for bubbles and particles with characteristic dimensions either below 100 μm or above 1 cm. As a result, either the interfacial deformations are measured directly with the forces being inferred from a model, or the forces are measured directly with the deformations to be deduced from the theory. The recently developed integrated thin film drainage apparatus (ITFDA) filled the gap of intermediate bubble/particle size ranges that are commonly encountered in mineral and oil recovery applications. Equipped with side-view digital cameras along with a bimorph cantilever as force sensor and speaker diaphragm as the driver for bubble to approach a solid sphere, the ITFDA has the capacity to measure simultaneously and independently the forces and interfacial deformations as a bubble approaches a solid sphere in a liquid. Coupled with the thin liquid film drainage modeling, the ITFDA measurement allows the critical role of surface tension, fluid viscosity and bubble approach speed in determining bubble deformation (profile) and hydrodynamic forces to be elucidated. Here we compare the available methods of studying bubble-solid interactions and demonstrate unique features and advantages of the ITFDA for measuring both forces and bubble deformations in systems of Reynolds numbers as high as 10. The consistency and accuracy of such measurement are tested against the well established Stokes-Reynolds-Young-Laplace model. The potential to use the design principles of the ITFDA for fundamental and developmental research is demonstrated.
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31
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He L, Lin F, Li X, Sui H, Xu Z. Interfacial sciences in unconventional petroleum production: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5446-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the ever increasing demand for energy to meet the needs of growth in population and improvement in the living standards, in particular in developing countries, the abundant unconventional oil reserves (about 70% of total world oil), such as heavy oil, oil/tar sands and shale oil, are playing an increasingly important role in securing global energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
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32
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Rio E, Biance AL. Thermodynamic and Mechanical Timescales Involved in Foam Film Rupture and Liquid Foam Coalescence. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3692-707. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Mahendran V, Philip J. Influence of Ag+ interaction on 1D droplet array spacing and the repulsive forces between stimuli-responsive nanoemulsion droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10213-10220. [PMID: 25105903 DOI: 10.1021/la5022802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports results on the effect of interaction of Ag(+) on 1D droplet array spacing and the repulsive forces between stimuli-responsive nanoemulsion droplets, stabilized with an anionic surfactant--sodium dodecyl sulfate--and a diblock polymer--poly(vinyl alcohol)-vinyl acetate. The repulsive interaction is probed by measuring the in-situ equilibrium force-distance in the presence of Ag(+) using the magnetic chaining technique. At a constant static magnetic field, emulsion droplets form 1D array that diffract visible light. A large blue-shift in the diffracted light is observed in the presence of interacting Ag(+) because of the reduction in the interdroplet spacing within the 1D array. The in-situ equilibrium force-distance measurement results show that the onset of repulsions and magnitude of repulsive forces are strongly influenced by the presence of Ag(+) in ppb levels. This suggests that the Ag(+) ions screen the surface charges through the formation of both Stern and diffuse electric double layer and produces a dramatic blue-shift in surfactant-stabilized emulsion, whereas a dramatic conformational change in the adsorbed polymer layer causes a reduction in the 1D array spacing in the diblock polymer stabilized emulsion. The force-distance results are compared with the predictions of electrical double-layer and repulsive steric forces. The droplet array shows an excellent selectivity to Ag(+) due to the strong interaction of Ag(+) with the stabilizing moieties at the oil-water interface. The possible mechanisms of interaction of Ag(+) with surfactant and polymer are discussed. The dramatic decrease in the 1D array spacing in the presence of Ag(+) may find promising practical applications in the development of optical sensors for selective detection of cations with ultrahigh sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mahendran
- SMARTS, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
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34
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Saulnier L, Champougny L, Bastien G, Restagno F, Langevin D, Rio E. A study of generation and rupture of soap films. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2899-2906. [PMID: 24668363 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52433g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
What are the lifetime and maximum length of a soap film pulled at a velocity V out of a bath of soapy solution? This is the question we explore in this article by performing systematic film rupture experiments. We show that the lifetime and maximal length of the films are fairly reproducible and controlled only by hydrodynamics. For surfactants with high surface elastic modulus, we argue that the rupture is triggered by the expansion of a thinning zone at the top of the film. The length ltz of this zone expands with time at a velocity equal to V/2, which can be obtained by a balance between gravity and viscous forces. The film lifetime is then found to decrease with the pulling velocity V, which implies that the surface tension gradient along the film increases with V. This surface tension gradient is found to be surprisingly small. Finally, the lifetime of films stabilised by solutions with small surface elastic modulus turns out to be much shorter than the ones for films with rigid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Saulnier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bât. 510, Orsay, France.
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35
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Ren S, Masliyah J, Xu Z. Studying bitumen–bubble interactions using atomic force microscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Nilsen-Nygaard J, Sletmoen M, Draget KI. Stability and interaction forces of oil-in-water emulsions as observed by optical tweezers – a proof-of-concept study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study documents the suitability of optical tweezers in studies aiming at revealing the forces acting between emulsion droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nilsen-Nygaard
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL)
- Department of Biotechnology
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Physics
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kurt Ingar Draget
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL)
- Department of Biotechnology
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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37
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Kamran K, Carnie SL. Modeling the gentle bouncing of a drop with quasi-static thin film equations. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Wang L, Sharp D, Masliyah J, Xu Z. Measurement of interactions between solid particles, liquid droplets, and/or gas bubbles in a liquid using an integrated thin film drainage apparatus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3594-3603. [PMID: 23379835 DOI: 10.1021/la304490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel device was designed to measure drainage dynamics of thin liquid films confined between a solid particle, an immiscible liquid droplet, and/or gas bubble. Equipped with a bimorph force sensor, a computer-interfaced video capture, and a data acquisition system, the newly designed integrated thin film drainage apparatus (ITFDA) allows for the direct and simultaneous measurements of force barrier, true film drainage time, and bubble/droplet deformation under a well-controlled external force, receding and advancing contact angles, capillary force, and adhesion (detachment) force between an air bubble or oil droplet and a solid, a liquid, or an air bubble in an immiscible liquid. Using the diaphragm of a high-frequency speaker as the drive mechanism for the air bubble or oil droplet attached to a capillary tube, this newly designed device is capable of measuring forces over a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions, including bubble approach and retract velocities up to 50 mm/s and displacement range up to 1 mm. The results showed that the ITFDA was capable of measuring hydrodynamic resistance, film drainage time, and other important physical parameters between air bubbles and solid particles in aqueous solutions. As an example of illustrating the versatility, the ITFDA was also applied to other important systems such as interactions between air bubble and oil droplet, two air bubbles, and two oil droplets in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louxiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
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39
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Zeng Y, von Klitzing R. Scaling of layer spacing of charged particles under slit-pore confinement: an effect of concentration or of effective particle diameter? JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:464125. [PMID: 23114378 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/46/464125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper tests the generality of the scaling law for layer spacing of charged particles under confinement and resolves the established contradictions in the literature. The present determined layer spacings λ, also called the wavelength of oscillatory force, by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy are compared to previously obtained ones, Δh, also called step size, by using a thin film pressure balance. For charged particles, e.g. silica nanoparticles and micelles of anionic surfactant, the layer spacing under confinement is found to depend solely on the particle number density ρ in the relation λ (or Δh) =ρ(-1/3). The previous description for the layer spacing using the effective particle diameter 2(R + κ(-1)) is not general and only applicable at specific conditions of particle volume fraction and ionic strength. We claim that when particles are dominated by electrostatic repulsion and in a low pressure reservoir, ρ(-1/3) is a general scaling law for layer spacing of particles, which indicates that particles under confinement are still randomly distributed in a fluid-like manner as they are in bulk. As a side-effect an equation to obtain the ionic strength I of colloidal suspension from measured conductivity is established. Ionic strength I is needed to determine the values for Debye length κ(-1), which are in very good agreement with the theoretical ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Stranski Laboratory for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Nambam J, Philip J. Competitive adsorption of polymer and surfactant at a liquid droplet interface and its effect on flocculation of emulsion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 366:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Parkinson L, Ralston J. Dynamic aspects of small bubble and hydrophilic solid encounters. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 168:198-209. [PMID: 21880285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The capture of solid particles suspended in aqueous solution by rising gas bubbles involves hydrodynamic and physicochemical processes that are central to colloid science. Of the collision, attachment and aggregate stability aspects to the bubble-particle interaction, the crucial attachment process is least understood. This is especially true of hydrophilic solids. We review the current literature regarding each component of the bubble-particle attachment process, from the free-rise of a small, clean single bubble, to the collision, film drainage and interactions which dominate the attachment rate. There is a particular focus on recent studies which employ single, very small bubbles as analysis probes, enabling the dynamic bubble-hydrophilic particle interaction to be investigated, avoiding complications which arise from fluid inertia, deformation of the liquid-vapour interface and the possibility of surfactant contamination.
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42
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Morris VJ, Woodward NC, Gunning AP. Atomic force microscopy as a nanoscience tool in rational food design. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2117-2125. [PMID: 21769874 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a nanoscience tool that has been used to provide new information on the molecular structure of food materials. As an imaging tool it has led to solutions to previously intractable problems in food science. This type of information can provide a basis for tailoring food structures to optimise functional behaviour. Such an approach will be illustrated by indicating how a basic understanding of the role of interfacial stability in complex foods systems can be extended to understand how such interfacial structures behave on digestion, and how this in turn suggests routes for the rational design of processed food structures to modify lipolysis and control fat intake. As a force transducer AFM can be used to probe interactions between food structures such as emulsion droplets at the colloidal level. This use of force spectroscopy will be illustrated through showing how it allows the effect of the structural modification of interfacial structures on colloidal interactions to be probed in model emulsion systems. Direct studies on interactions between colliding soft, deformable droplets reveal new types of interactions unique to deformable particles that can be exploited to manipulate the behaviour of processed or natural emulsion structures involved in digestion processes. Force spectroscopy can be adapted to probe specific intermolecular interactions, and this application of the technique will be illustrated through its use to test molecular hypotheses for the bioactivity of modified pectin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Morris
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK.
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43
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Chan DYC, Klaseboer E, Manica R. Theory of non-equilibrium force measurements involving deformable drops and bubbles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 165:70-90. [PMID: 21257141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, direct force measurements using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) have been extended to study non-equilibrium interactions. Perhaps the more scientifically interesting and technically challenging of such studies involved deformable drops and bubbles in relative motion. The scientific interest stems from the rich complexity that arises from the combination of separation dependent surface forces such as Van der Waals, electrical double layer and steric interactions with velocity dependent forces from hydrodynamic interactions. Moreover the effects of these forces also depend on the deformations of the surfaces of the drops and bubbles that alter local conditions on the nanometer scale, with deformations that can extend over micrometers. Because of incompressibility, effects of such deformations are strongly influenced by small changes of the sizes of the drops and bubbles that may be in the millimeter range. Our focus is on interactions between emulsion drops and bubbles at around 100 μm size range. At the typical velocities in dynamic force measurements with the AFM which span the range of Brownian velocities of such emulsions, the ratio of hydrodynamic force to surface tension force, as characterized by the capillary number, is ~10(-6) or smaller, which poses challenges to modeling using direct numerical simulations. However, the qualitative and quantitative features of the dynamic forces between interacting drops and bubbles are sensitive to the detailed space and time-dependent deformations. It is this dynamic coupling between forces and deformations that requires a detailed quantitative theoretical framework to help interpret experimental measurements. Theories that do not treat forces and deformations in a consistent way simply will not have much predictive power. The technical challenges of undertaking force measurements are substantial. These range from generating drop and bubble of the appropriate size range to controlling the physicochemical environment to finding the optimal and quantifiable way to place and secure the drops and bubbles in the AFM to make reproducible measurements. It is perhaps no surprise that it is only recently that direct measurements of non-equilibrium forces between two drops or two bubbles colliding in a controlled manner have been possible. This review covers the development of a consistent theory to describe non-equilibrium force measurements involving deformable drops and bubbles. Predictions of this model are also tested on dynamic film drainage experiments involving deformable drops and bubbles that use very different techniques to the AFM to demonstrate that it is capable of providing accurate quantitative predictions of both dynamic forces and dynamic deformations. In the low capillary number regime of interest, we observe that the dynamic behavior of all experimental results reviewed here are consistent with the tangentially immobile hydrodynamic boundary condition at liquid-liquid or liquid-gas interfaces. The most likely explanation for this observation is the presence of trace amounts of surface-active species that are responsible for arresting interfacial flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Y C Chan
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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44
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Lockie HJ, Manica R, Stevens GW, Grieser F, Chan DYC, Dagastine RR. Precision AFM measurements of dynamic interactions between deformable drops in aqueous surfactant and surfactant-free solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2676-2685. [PMID: 21302947 DOI: 10.1021/la1049088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has provided unprecedented opportunities to study velocity-dependent interactions between deformable drops and bubbles under a range of solution conditions. The challenge is to design an experimental system that enables accurate force spectroscopy of the interaction between deformable drops and thus the extraction of accurate quantitative information about the physically important force-separation relation. This step requires very precise control and knowledge of the interfacial properties of the interacting drops, the drive conditions of the force-sensing cantilever, the disposition of the interacting drops on the substrate and on the cantilever, and transducer calibrations of the instrument in order to quantify the effects of approach velocities and interfacial deformation. This article examines and quantifies in detail all experimental conditions that are necessary to facilitate accurate processing of dynamic force spectroscopy data from the AFM using the well-defined system of tetradecane drops in aqueous solutions under surfactant and surfactant-free conditions over a range of force magnitudes that has not been attained before. The ability of drops to deform and increase the effective area of interaction instead of decreasing the distance of closest approach when disjoining pressure exceeds the Laplace pressure means that the DLVO paradigm of colloidal stability as being determined by a balance of kinetic energy against the height of the primary maximum is no longer valid. The range of interfacially active species present in alkane-aqueous systems investigated provides insight into the applicability of the tangentially immobile boundary condition in colloidal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Lockie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, and §Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
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45
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Uddin MH, Tan SY, Dagastine RR. Novel characterization of microdrops and microbubbles in emulsions and foams using atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2536-2544. [PMID: 21299193 DOI: 10.1021/la104458z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the interface of drops or bubbles and the dynamic interactions between them often mediate or control macroscopic behavior in the formulation and processing of emulsions and foams in solvent extraction, froth flotation, food, personal care products, and microfluidics as well as in many biological processes. Characterization of these interfaces is often complicated due to the small size of the drops and bubbles that may range from the micrometer scale to hundreds of micrometers. We report the direct measurement of the surface or interfacial tension of drops or bubbles in aqueous solutions as a function of the concentration and type of surfactant, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a recently developed nanoneedle AFM cantilever. We also demonstrate the viability of imaging drops or bubbles of this size in both tapping and contact imaging modes through a systematic study of parameters, including cantilever spring constant, tip geometry, imaging force, and feedback settings as well as the AFM manufacturer. The imaging study demonstrates the viability of using AFM to visualize complex structures at the oil-water or air-water interface as well as how concentric ring artifacts observed in the literature are the result of earlier AFM instrument limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hemayet Uddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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McNamee CE, Kappl M, Butt HJ, Higashitani K, Graf K. Interfacial forces between a silica particle and phosphatidylcholine monolayers at the air-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14574-14581. [PMID: 20731469 DOI: 10.1021/la1019839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial forces between a silica or borosilicate particle in water and phospholipids at the air-water interface were studied using the Monolayer Particle Interaction Apparatus. This instrument allowed the forces to be measured as the colloidal probe approached the monolayer from the liquid phase. The proper working principle of this setup was demonstrated by measuring the forces between a particle and a mica plate in 0.1 mM NaCl. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the adhesion between the particle and the monolayer was investigated using four different 1,2-dialkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (DMPC, DPPC, DSPC, and DBPC), which had 14, 16, 18, and 22 carbon atoms per alkyl chain, respectively. The adhesion force increased with the square of the particle radius. The lipids in the liquid-expanded (LE) phase showed an attraction to the particle, explained by an electrostatic attraction and/or the formation of a three-phase contact line that lead to a capillary force. All monolayers showed an adhesion in their retract force curve, which decreased with an increased chain length and surface pressure. Interfacial stiffness was generally seen to increase with the phospholipid chain length and to decrease with surface pressure, explained by an increase in the intermolecular van der Waals interaction and a decrease in the interfacial tension, respectively. The adhesion between the particle and monolayer was concluded to be controlled by the contact area between the particle and monolayer, and therefore the monolayer stiffness and the electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy E McNamee
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Woodward NC, Gunning AP, Maldonado-Valderrama J, Wilde PJ, Morris VJ. Probing the in situ competitive displacement of protein by nonionic surfactant using atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:12560-12566. [PMID: 20608707 DOI: 10.1021/la101632v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Force-distance data obtained from an atomic force microscope have been used to follow the in situ displacement of beta-lactoglobulin from tetradecane droplets by Tween 20 (polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate). Interpretation of the force-distance curves has shown that the slope of the region, traditionally termed the constant compliance region, is a useful indicator of droplet deformation within a given experiment. The magnitude of this slope can be used to monitor how the deformability of the droplet changes upon addition of surfactant. It has been found that, immediately after initial addition of surfactant, there is an increase in magnitude of this slope, indicating a stiffening of the droplet, attributed to a stiffening of the protein network formed at the surface of the droplet. Subsequent additions of Tween 20 reduce the magnitude of the slope until an equilibrium value is reached, where the interface becomes surfactant-dominated. These observations suggest that it is possible to monitor in situ the displacement of protein from individual oil droplets. The data have been interpreted in terms of the "orogenic" model of displacement, which is based on studies made on model interfaces. These data have been compared to those obtained using the more traditional techniques of dilatational rheology, surface loading, and surface potential measurements for analogous beta-lactoglobulin-stabilized droplets or emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Woodward
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Vakarelski IU, Dagastine RR, Chan DYC, Stevens GW, Higashitani K, Grieser F. Lateral hydrodynamic interactions between an emulsion droplet and a flat surface evaluated by frictional force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8002-8007. [PMID: 20334399 DOI: 10.1021/la904894n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a lateral atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to measure the hydrodynamic drag force acting on a microscopic emulsion droplet moving parallel to a flat surface. A tetradecane oil droplet formed in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulfate was attached to a V-shaped atomic force microscopy cantilever, and lateral hydrodynamic interactions between the droplet and a flat glass surface were measured using a range of scanning velocities. The droplet was positioned either far from the oscillating surface or was pressed to the surface under a constant applied load. These measurements demonstrate the feasibility of using AFM to study lateral hydrodynamic interactions and lubricity between soft matter materials relevant to a large number of applications in areas as diverse as flavor delivery in foods to the applications of emulsions or emollients in personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan U Vakarelski
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Gunes DZ, Clain X, Breton O, Mayor G, Burbidge AS. Avalanches of coalescence events and local extensional flows – Stabilisation or destabilisation due to surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 343:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wackerbarth H, Schön P, Bindrich U. Preparation and characterization of multilayer coated microdroplets: droplet deformation simultaneously probed by atomic force spectroscopy and optical detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2636-2640. [PMID: 19437687 DOI: 10.1021/la802898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of multilayer coated droplets in an emulsion. Stability and control of mass transport across the interface are the key issues for such coated microdroplets. Shelf life of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food formulations can be improved by increasing stability. Moreover, such emulsions have potential applications in drug delivery and storage. A primary oil-in-water emulsion with caseinate as an emulsifier was prepared. On the basis of attractive electrostatic interactions, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges were added layer by layer. The oil droplets (particle size around 10 microm) were successively coated with casein, pectin, whey proteins, pectin, whey proteins, and pectin. Laser diffraction spectroscopy, particle charge measurements, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were applied to characterize the multilayer droplets. The complementary results indicate that the inner layers merge and the packing density of the interface increases. AFM-induced mechanical compression of single oil droplets coated with casein and pectin is monitored by an inverted optical microscope, and simultaneously AFM force curves are recorded. Thus, the deformation of the droplet is reflected by its lateral expansion and the force curve. Force volume imaging is applied to probe the lateral distribution of mechanical properties of the droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainer Wackerbarth
- German Institute of Food Technology, Prof.-von-Klitzing-Str. 7, D-49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
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