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Perricelli F, Boscaglia M, Cantiano M, Spitaleri L, Fragalà ME, Gulino A. Chemical and Morphological Modifications Induced by Argon Plasma Treatments on Fluorinated Polybenzoxazole Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15586-15593. [PMID: 37151557 PMCID: PMC10157868 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated photodefinable polymers are widely employed as re-distribution layers in wafer-level packaging to produce microelectronic devices because of their suitable low dielectric constant and moisture absorption, high mechanical toughness, thermal conductivity and stability, and chemical inertness. Typically, fluorinated photodefinable polybenzoxazoles (F-PBOs) are the most used in this field. In the present work, we investigated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy the morphological and chemical modifications induced by Ar plasma treatments on F-PBO films. This process, used to remove surface contaminant species, as well as increase the polymeric surface roughness, to improve the adhesion to the other components during electronic packaging, is a crucial step during the manufacturing of some microelectronic devices. We found that argon plasma treatments determine the wanted drastic increase of the polymer surface roughness but, in the presence of a patterned silver layer on F-PBO, needed for the fabrication of electric contacts in microelectronic devices, also induce some unwanted formation of silver fluoride species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Spitaleri
- STMicroelectronics
Stradale Primosole, 50, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Fragalà
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM
UdR of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM
UdR of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- . Tel.: +39-095-7385067. Fax. +39-095-580138
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Peng W, Lei H, Qiu L, Bao F, Huang M. Perfluorocyclobutyl-containing transparent polyimides with low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of loose chain packing and high fluoro content endows PFCB-containing polyimides with excellent optical transparency and dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Peng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanyu Lei
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Luhao Qiu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Bao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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He L, Ding L, Waterhouse GIN, Li B, Liu F, Li P. Performance matching between the surface structure of cucumber powdery mildew in different growth stages and the properties of surfactant solution. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3538-3546. [PMID: 33837661 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding performance matching of pesticide droplets on the surface of cucumber leaves modified by powdery mildew is of practical importance for the agricultural sector. Here, the surface texture and wettability of cucumber leaves covered by powdery mildew were systematically examined using parameters such as micromorphology, physicochemical properties, and liquid droplet contact angle measurements. RESULTS Our results show that powdery mildew growth can be divided into four distinct stages according to the surface texture characteristics of the diseased cucumber leaves. The three-dimensional (3D) surface structures of powdery mildew layers on cucumber leaves had individual characteristics at different mildew growth stages, among which powdery mildew was more easily spread in the last growth stage, and powdery mildew height was greatest in the NO. 2 growth stage (Sa = 425.35 μm). Surface free energy values, static contact angle, and contact angle hysteresis all correlated strongly with the surface characteristics of powdery mildew layers at different growth stages. When the concentration of surfactant reached the critical micelle concentration, the wetting state of AEO-5 solution droplets on the surface of cucumber powdery mildew leaves reached the Wenzel state more easily. The wettability of a droplet on the leaf surface depends on the state of the monomer and micelle in the surfactant solution and the surface characteristics of the powdery mildew-covered leaf. CONCLUSION The 3D structure and relative dielectric constant of powdery mildew-covered leaves influenced surface texture characteristics, which in turn controlled the wetting and matching ability of surfactant droplets on diseased leaves. This work provides valuable new insights into the matching of the structure of powdery mildew-covered plant leaves with the properties of surfactant solutions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
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Yang L, Yang L, Ma K, Wang Y, Song T, Gong L, Sun J, Zhao L, Yang Z, Xu J, Wang Q, Li G, Zhou W. Free volume dependence of dielectric behaviour in sandwich-structured high dielectric performances of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite films. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:300-310. [PMID: 33336675 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dielectric film with a trilayer structure is fabricated to obtain both a high dielectric constant and superior electrical breakdown strength simultaneously. The outer layers of the trilayered composite film are composed of barium titanate (BTO) particles dispersed in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to ensure a relatively high dielectric constant, while the central layer of the composite film consists of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) dispersed in PVDF to provide high electrical breakdown strength. Compared with pristine PVDF, the dielectric constant and breakdown strength are simultaneously enhanced due to the sandwich structure, and the dielectric loss is maintained at a low level. Most important of all, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is applied to study the atomic-scale free volume holes of PVDF composite films and the effect of free volume holes on the dielectric constant and breakdown strength. Results show that the size of free volume holes of PVDF increased with the addition of BTO, but it decreased firstly and then increased with the BNNS loading. The correlation between dielectric properties and the size of free volume holes of the PVDF matrix was discussed in each layer. It is illustrated that the experimental dielectric constant of the PVDF/BTO single-layered film is consistent with the theoretical value at a lower BTO loading but smaller than the theoretical value at a higher BTO loading, which is probably ascribed to the increased size of free volume holes. The breakdown strength of the PVDF/BNNS film increased with the introduction of BNNS and the reduced size of free volume holes, which is ascribed to the reduced partial discharge phenomenon. The atomic-scale microstructure analysis based on free volume holes provides valuable ideas and new understanding for the study of the mechanism of the dielectric behaviour of polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Direct Fluorination as Method of Improvement of Operational Properties of Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122836. [PMID: 33260515 PMCID: PMC7760139 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct fluorination of polymers is a widely utilized technique for chemical modification. Such introduction of fluorine into the chemical structure of polymeric materials leads to laminates with highly fluorinated surface layer. The physicochemical properties of this layer are similar to those of perfluorinated polymers that differ by a unique combination of chemical resistance, weak adhesion, low cohesion, and permittivity, often barrier properties, etc. Surface modification by elemental fluorine allows one to avoid laborious synthesis of perfluoropolymers and impart such properties to industrial polymeric materials. The current review is devoted to a detailed consideration of wetting by water, energy characteristics of surfaces, adhesion, mechanical and electrical properties of the polymers, and composites after the direct fluorination.
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Wang X, Liu F, Lai J, Fu Z, You X. Comparative investigations on the effects of pendent trifluoromethyl group to the properties of the polyimides containing diphenyl-substituted cyclopentyl Cardo-structure. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yang G, Zhou C, Li B. Novel propargylether-terminated monomers containing pyridine and phenyl pendent group: Synthesis, cure, and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Changgeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
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Damaceanu MD, Rusu RD, Musteata VE, Bruma M. Insulating polyimide films containing n-type perylenediimide moieties. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kızılkaya C, Dumludağ F, Karataş S, Apohan NK, Altındal A, Güngör A. The effect of titania content on the physical properties of polyimide/titania nanohybrid films. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nairn JJ, Forster WA, van Leeuwen RM. Quantification of physical (roughness) and chemical (dielectric constant) leaf surface properties relevant to wettability and adhesion. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:1562-1570. [PMID: 21681916 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spray droplet adhesion is dependent not only on formulation and droplet parameters but also on the surface properties (physical and chemical) of the leaf. Quantifying these leaf surface properties would aid understanding and modelling of adhesion, helping to optimise spray formulations. Fractal dimensions (FDs) were used to quantify the relative leaf surface roughness of ten plant species. Static droplet contact angles were measured on each leaf surface, and wetting tension was calculated. Chemical profiles of the leaf surfaces were developed by evaluating contact angle behaviour relative to solution dielectric constants. RESULTS The FDs of Cryo-SEM micrographs taken at 300× magnification gave the best correlation with adhesion. The wetting tension intercept had a strong relationship with mean adhesion, and successfully accounted for the wettability of the outlier species. CONCLUSIONS The microroughness of the leaf surface, as revealed by Cryo-SEM, can be quantified by fractal dimension analysis. However, the wetting tension intercept is a more useful universal measure of the surface properties of the leaf (including roughness) as they pertain to adhesion. The slope of the wetting tension versus dielectric constant plot allowed preliminary quantification of the chemical contribution of leaf surface dielectric behaviour to adhesion.
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Sun T, Park WT, Cheng MY, An JZ, Xue RF, Tan KL, Je M. Implantable polyimide cable for multichannel high-data-rate neural recording microsystems. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 59:390-9. [PMID: 22042126 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2173343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To avoid or minimize postimplantation injury as a result of brain micromotion relative to the skull, a flexible multichannel polyimide (PI) cable was designed and microfabricated for data and power transmission between an intracranial IC recording from a neural probe array and an extracranial IC exchanging power and data wirelessly with an external unit. Surface characteristics, electrical properties, and cytocompatibility of the PI ribbon cable were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopic examination and atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the surface of the PI ribbon cable became significantly rougher due to the reactive oxygen ion etching process to open bonding pads. The enhanced surface roughness was also responsible for the increase in wettability and water absorption rate. However, water permeability measurement revealed that the micromachining fabrication process did not meaningfully affect the acceptable water vapor transmission rate of PI. Moreover, electrical properties, such as insertion loss, isolation between channels and data transmission capacity, were assessed for each channel of the PI ribbon cable on the basis of scattering parameter (S-parameter) measurement. Finally, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and live/dead intracellular staining tests were carried out to evaluate cell behaviors on the PI ribbon cable, indicating that the PI ribbon cable did not have acute cytotoxicity and appeared to be as cytocompatible as blank PI foils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
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13
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Park SJ, Sohn HJ, Hong SK, Shin GS. Influence of atmospheric fluorine plasma treatment on thermal and dielectric properties of polyimide film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 332:246-50. [PMID: 19168186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A study of atmospheric-pressure CHF3/Ar plasma treatment on dielectric characteristics of polyimide films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 319:365-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jin FL, Kim HY, Park SJ. Effect of fluorine functional groups on surface and mechanical interfacial properties of epoxy resins. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyimides derived from 4-phenyl-2,6-bis[4-(4′-amino-2′-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)phenyl]pyridine and dianhydrides. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deligöz H, Yalcinyuva T, Özgümüs S, Yildirim S. Electrical properties of conventional polyimide films: Effects of chemical structure and water uptake. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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