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Morris BA, Elgendy AA, MacNeil NE, Singer OM, Hoare JG, Singer RD, Marangoni DG. The partitioning of primary alcohols into the aggregates of gemini amphiphiles determined from diffusion NMR experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21236-21244. [PMID: 37540489 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02854b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The partition constants (p-values) of primary alcohols in solutions containing aggregates of symmetric gemini surfactants of the family N,N'-dimethyl, N-dialkyl-α,ω-alkanediammonium dibromide (m-s-m = symmetric gemini surfactants) have been computed from the measured values of their diffusion coefficients obtained from NMR-diffusion experiments. From the p-values, both mole-fraction and concentration-based partition coefficients and Gibbs energies of transfer for the alcohols from the bulk D2O phase to the gemini aggregate phase have been calculated. As expected, the Gibbs energy of transfer decreased linearly with an increase in the alcohol carbon length for each of the primary alcohol/gemini amphiphile series studied. The Gibbs transfer energy increment per CH2 for the alcohols was consistent for all the alcohol/gemini amphiphile series and was in excellent agreement with the values measured for the same primary alcohol series in conventional single-headed, single-tailed surfactants. Surprisingly, the partition coefficients of the alcohols in the symmetric gemini aggregates exhibited little, if any, dependence on the spacer length of the gemini amphiphiles and were remarkably consistent as the length of the main surfactant chain increased at constant spacer length. When these results are compared to the partition coefficients of the same alcohols in corresponding monomeric surfactants, we observe little difference in the thermodynamic driving forces governing the transfer of alcohols from water to the aggregates of either monomeric or symmetric gemini surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Morris
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. F.X. University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Ahmed A Elgendy
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. F.X. University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Nicole E MacNeil
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. F.X. University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Olivia M Singer
- Dept. of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Jacob G Hoare
- Dept. of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Robert D Singer
- Dept. of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - D Gerrard Marangoni
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. F.X. University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
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Poloxam Thermosensitive Hydrogels Loaded with hFGF2-Linked Camelina Lipid Droplets Accelerate Skin Regeneration in Deep Second-Degree Burns. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112716. [PMID: 36361508 PMCID: PMC9657430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries are difficult to manage due to the defect of large skin tissues, leading to major disability or even death. Human fibroblast growth factor 2 (hFGF2) is known to promote burn wound healing. However, direct administration of hFGF2 to the wound area would affect the bioactivity. To provide a supportive environment for hFGF2 and control its release in a steady fashion, in this research, we developed novel thermosensitive poloxam hydrogels delivered with hFGF2-linked Camelina lipid droplets (CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels). Cryopreserved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the incorporation of CLD-hFGF2 does not significantly affect the inner structure of hydrogels. The rheological properties showed that CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels gelated in response to temperature, thus optimizing the delivery method. In vitro, CLD-hFGF2 could be released from hydrogels for 3 days after drug delivery (the release rate was 72%), and the release solution could still promote the proliferation and migration of NIH3T3 cells. In vivo, compared with hydrogels alone or with direct CLD-hFGF2 administration, CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels had the most obvious effect on deep second-degree burn wound healing. This work indicates that CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels have potential application value in burn wound healing.
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Poloxamer-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060360. [PMID: 35735704 PMCID: PMC9222596 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poloxamer is a triblock copolymer with amphiphilicity and reversible thermal responsiveness and has wide application prospects in biomedical applications owing to its multifunctional properties. Poloxamer hydrogels play a crucial role in the field of tissue engineering and have been regarded as injectable scaffolds for loading cells or growth factors (GFs) in the last few years. Hydrogel micelles can maintain the integrity and stability of cells and GFs and form an appropriate vascular network at the application site, thus creating an appropriate microenvironment for cell growth, nerve growth, or bone integration. The injectability and low toxicity of poloxamer hydrogels make them a noninvasive method. In addition, they can also be good candidates for bio-inks, the raw material for three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, the potential of poloxamer hydrogels has not been fully explored owing to the complex biological challenges. In this review, the latest progress and cutting-edge research of poloxamer-based scaffolds in different fields of application such as the bone, vascular, cartilage, skin, nervous system, and organs in tissue engineering and 3D printing are reviewed, and the important roles of poloxamers in tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed in depth.
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Mabrouk MM, Hamed NA, Mansour FR. Physicochemical and electrochemical methods for determination of critical micelle concentrations of surfactants: a comprehensive review. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Deodhar S, Rohilla P, Manivannan M, Thampi SP, Basavaraj MG. Robust Method to Determine Critical Micelle Concentration via Spreading Oil Drops on Surfactant Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8100-8110. [PMID: 32579372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of a liquid on another is often encountered in oil spills and coatings and is also of industrial relevance in pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals. In this study, the spreading of oil drops on aqueous solutions containing cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants over a wide range of surfactant concentrations is investigated. The spreading behavior quantified by measuring the time evolution of the projected area of the oil lens reveals the occurrence of a maximum, which is strongly dependent on the concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous solution. Our experiments show that this dependence is different at concentrations above and below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant and can be captured by two straight lines of different slopes. Interestingly, these two straight lines intersect at a concentration that coincides with the CMC of the surfactants in solution. We find that this behavior is universal as shown by performing experiments with different types of surfactants, their purity, and other system variables. Thus, we propose a method to unambiguously determine the CMC of surfactant solutions compared to the conventional techniques. The proposed method is simple, versatile, and applicable for the determination of CMC of both ionic and nonionic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Deodhar
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Sciences Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, IIT P.O., Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pankaj Rohilla
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Sciences Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, IIT P.O., Chennai 600036, India
| | - M Manivannan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, IIT P.O., Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sumesh P Thampi
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Sciences Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, IIT P.O., Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Sciences Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, IIT P.O., Chennai 600036, India
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Ben Henda M. Effect of Pyrrolidinium Formate Ionic Liquid on Micellization of Direct and Reverse Pluronics in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5730-5739. [PMID: 32597658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of direct and reverse Pluronic, copolymer nonionic surfactants, poly(ethylene oxide) PEO, and poly(propylene oxide) PPO copolymers, in aqueous solution and in the pyrrolidinium formate ([pyrr][F]) ionic liquid, was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy). The study was performed for a fixed Pluronic concentration at room temperature. We showed that in aqueous solution, the spectra associated with the direct and reverse Pluronics are similar irrespective of the difference in length of the various PPO and PEO blocks, their positions and the PPO:PEO ratio. The study of those same Pluronics dissolved in a pure pyrrolidinium formate solution showed that the Pluronic types were soluble and that the micellization process can take place at room temperature. The interaction between the Pluronic 10R5 aqueous solutions and the [pyrr][F] for various ionic liquid volumes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Henda
- Physics Department, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.,Physics Laboratory of Soft Matter and Electromagnetic Modelling, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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McLachlan A, Singh K, McAlduff M, Marangoni DG, Shortall S, Wettig SD. m-s-m cationic gemini and zwitterionic surfactants - a thermodynamic analysis of their mixed micelle formation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3221-3232. [PMID: 35497753 PMCID: PMC9049202 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelle formation enthalpies (Δmic H values) have been calorimetrically determined at 298 K for three sets of mixed zwitterionic/cationic gemini systems consisting of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12) and a series of structurally related gemini surfactants, the N,N'-bis(dimethyldodecyl)-α,ω-alkanediammonium dibromide (12-s-12) systems. From the experimental and the estimated ideal micelle formation enthalpies, the excess enthalpies were obtained. The degrees of nonideality of the interaction in the mixed micelle (β m) from our previous work was used along with the excess enthalpy values to determine excess thermodynamic quantities of the surfactants in the mixed system according to Regular Solution Theory (RST) and Motomura's theory. The excess enthalpies for the ZW3-12/12-4-12 were positive in magnitude and rose sharply when small amounts of the zwittergent were distributed into the gemini micelles. The excess enthalpies for the ZW3-12/12-5-12 and the ZW3-12/12-6-12 systems were also >0 kJ mol-1, and as a function of zwittergent composition, were quite different to those of the ZW3-12/12-4-12 mixed micelles. These results indicate that the heat of mixed micelle formation is strongly dependent on electrostatic interactions and the structure of the surfactants involved, specifically, the length of the tether group for the 12-s-12 gemini surfactants. From the calorimetric data and the application of RST and Motomura's theory, we have obtained estimates of the excess Gibbs energy and entropy of mixing. An analysis of the three thermodynamic properties suggests that the relative contributions of enthalpic and entropic effects to nonideal behavior for mixed micelles involving gemini surfactants are strongly dependent on the gemini structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleisha McLachlan
- Dept of Chemistry, St. F. X. University Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada +1 902 867 2414 +1 902 867 2324
| | - Kulbir Singh
- Dept of Chemistry, St. F. X. University Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada +1 902 867 2414 +1 902 867 2324
- Sona Nanotech 101 Research Drive Dartmouth NS B2Y 4M9 Canada
| | - Michael McAlduff
- Dept of Chemistry, St. F. X. University Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada +1 902 867 2414 +1 902 867 2324
- Sona Nanotech 101 Research Drive Dartmouth NS B2Y 4M9 Canada
| | - D Gerrard Marangoni
- Dept of Chemistry, St. F. X. University Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada +1 902 867 2414 +1 902 867 2324
| | - Samantha Shortall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Shawn D Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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9
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Pisárčik M, Pupák M, Lukáč M, Devínsky F, Hubčík L, Bukovský M, Horváth B. The Synthesis, Self-Assembled Structures, and Microbicidal Activity of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Branched Tridecyl Chains. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234380. [PMID: 31801214 PMCID: PMC6930597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic gemini surfactants with polymethylene spacer and linear alkyl chains containing an even number of carbon atoms have been extensively studied in the recent past, with the emphasis put on the determination of their aggregation behaviour in aqueous solution and their biological properties. However, the information on the aggregation of branched gemini surfactants with an odd number of carbon atoms in their alkyl chains is only sparsely reported in the literature. To help cover this gap in the research of cationic gemini surfactants, a series of branched bisammonium cationic gemini surfactants with an odd number of carbon atoms in alkyl chains (tridecane-2-yl chains) and a polymethylene spacer with a variable length ranging from 3 to 12 carbon atoms have been synthesized and investigated. Critical micelle concentration, which was determined by three methods, was found to be in the order 10-4 mol/L. A comparison of the obtained data of the novel series of tridecyl chain geminis with those of gemini surfactants with dodecyl chains and an identical spacer structure revealed that structural differences between both series of gemini surfactants result in different aggregation and surface properties for surfactants with 6 and 8 methylene groups in the spacer (N,N'-bis(tridecane-2-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diaminium dibromide and N,N'-bis(tridecane-2-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyloctane-1,8-diaminium dibromide) with the cmc values 8.2 × 10-4 mol/L and 6.5 × 10-4 mol/L, respectively, as determined by surface tension measurements. Particle size analysis showed the formation of small stable spherical micelles in the interval between 2.8 and 5 nm and with zeta potential around +50 mV, which are independent of surfactant concentration and increase with the increasing spacer length. Microbicidal activity of 13-s-13 gemini surfactants was found to be efficient against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pisárčik
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matúš Pupák
- State Institute for Drug Control, SK-82508 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Miloš Lukáč
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | | | - Lukáš Hubčík
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Marián Bukovský
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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McLachlan A, Singh K, Piggott E, McAlduff M, MacLennan S, Sandre V, Reid T, Marangoni DG. m-s-m Cationic Gemini and Zwitterionic Surfactants-Spacer-Dependent Synergistic Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1855-1868. [PMID: 30689390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Critical micelle concentration (cmc) values were determined for the mixed zwitterionic/cationic gemini systems of N-dodecyl- N, N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (ZW3-12)/ N, N'-bis(dimethyldodecyl)-α,ω-alkanediammonium dibromide (12-s-12) systems. The cmc values for the mixed systems were determined through conductivity measurements. The degree of nonideality of the interaction in the mixed micelle (βm), for each system, was determined according to Rubingh's nonideal solution theory. In most cases, the systems exhibited negative deviations (-βm values) at high surfactant mole fractions of zwittergent (αZW3-12). Specifically, the ZW3-12/12-4-12 system displayed -βm values at αZW3-12 ≥ 0.5, while both the ZW3-12/12-5-12 and the ZW3-12/12-6-12 systems displayed -βm values over the entire mole fraction range. Except for the low mole fraction range in the 12-4-12 system, these mixed surfactant systems demonstrated almost identical behavior to the n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide/12-2-12 system studied by Bakshi et al. providing further evidence that ZW3-12 tends to behave as a cationic surfactant in mixed surfactant systems. The manner in which the cosurfactants aggregate in the micelles was determined via two-dimensional (2D) NOESY spectroscopy. In the case of both the ZW3-12/12-5-12 and the ZW3-12/12-6-12 systems, the 2D NOESY spectra exhibited strong cross peaks between the gemini and zwitterionic surfactants over the entire micellar composition range. In the case of the ZW3-12/12-4-12 system, little cross peak intensity was observed between the gemini and the zwitterionic surfactant at low micellar compositions of the zwittergent. The results suggest some micelle demixing is occurring between the gemini and the zwittergent certain micellar composition ranges, a phenomenon rarely associated with hydrocarbon surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleisha McLachlan
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Kulbir Singh
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Emily Piggott
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Michael McAlduff
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Shannon MacLennan
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Victoria Sandre
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - Taryn Reid
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
| | - D Gerrard Marangoni
- Department of Chemistry , St. F. X. University , Antigonish B2G 2W5 , NS , Canada
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He Z, Alexandridis P. Micellization Thermodynamics of Pluronic P123 (EO 20PO 70EO 20) Amphiphilic Block Copolymer in Aqueous Ethylammonium Nitrate (EAN) Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E32. [PMID: 30966066 PMCID: PMC6414995 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers (commercially available as Pluronics or Poloxamers) can self-assemble into various nanostructures in water and its mixtures with polar organic solvents. Ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) is a well-known protic ionic liquid that is expected to affect amphiphile self-assembly due to its ionic nature and hydrogen bonding ability. By proper design of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments, we determined the enthalpy and other thermodynamic parameters of Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) micellization in aqueous solution at varied EAN concentration. Addition of EAN promoted micellization in a manner similar to increasing temperature, e.g., the addition of 1.75 M EAN lowered the critical micelle concentration (CMC) to the same extent as a temperature increase from 20 to 24 °C. The presence of EAN disrupts the water solvation around the PEO-PPO-PEO molecules through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which dehydrate PEO and promote micellization. At EAN concentrations lower than 1 M, the PEO-PPO-PEO micellization enthalpy and entropy increase with EAN concentration, while both decrease above 1 M EAN. Such a change can be attributed to the formation by EAN of semi-ordered nano-domains with water at higher EAN concentrations. Pyrene fluorescence suggests that the polarity of the mixed solvent decreased linearly with EAN addition, whereas the polarity of the micelle core remained unaltered. This work contributes to assessing intermolecular interactions in ionic liquid + polymer solutions, which are relevant to a number of applications, e.g., drug delivery, membrane separations, polymer electrolytes, biomass processing and nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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Garcia MT, Kaczerewska O, Ribosa I, Brycki B, Materna P, Drgas M. Hydrophilicity and flexibility of the spacer as critical parameters on the aggregation behavior of long alkyl chain cationic gemini surfactants in aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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A systematic physicochemical investigation on solubilization and in vitro release of poorly water soluble oxcarbazepine drug in pluronic micelles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Pisárčik M, Jampílek J, Devínsky F, Drábiková J, Tkacz J, Opravil T. Gemini Surfactants with Polymethylene Spacer: Supramolecular Structures at Solid Surface and Aggregation in Aqueous Solution. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-016-1797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Khan A, Siddiq M. Physicochemical Investigation of the Micellar Behavior of a Diblock (PEO)62-b-(PBO)33Copolymer in Water and its Interaction with Ionic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1048460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Sharma R, Kang TS, Mahajan RK. Complexation of triblock reverse copolymer 10R5 with surface active ionic liquids in aqueous medium: a physico-chemical study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the interactions of surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) [Cnmim][Cl], where n = 8, 10, and 12, with a triblock reverse copolymer, 10R5, [(PPO)8–(PEO)22–(PPO)8] has been performed using various physico-chemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Tejwant Singh Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies-I
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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Effect of end-group modification, hydrophilic/hydrophobic block ratio and temperature on the surface, associative and thermodynamic behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(butylene oxide) diblock copolymers in aqueous media. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Wang R, Tang Y, Wang Y. Effects of cationic ammonium gemini surfactant on micellization of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1957-1968. [PMID: 24528103 DOI: 10.1021/la500025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of cationic ammonium gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (12-6-12) on the micellization of two triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide), F127 (EO97PO69EO97) and P123 (EO20PO70EO20), have been studied in aqueous solution by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and NMR techniques. Compared with traditional single-chain ionic surfactants, 12-6-12 has a stronger ability of lowering the CMT of the copolymers, which should be attributed to the stronger aggregation ability and lower critical micelle concentration of 12-6-12. The critical micelle temperature (CMT) of the two copolymers decreases as the 12-6-12 concentration increases and the ability of 12-6-12 in lowering the CMT of F127 is slightly stronger than that of P123. Moreover, a combination of ITC and DLS has shown that 12-6-12 binds to the copolymers at the temperatures from 16 to 40 °C. At the temperatures below the CMT of the copolymers, 12-6-12 micelles bind on single copolymer chains and induce the copolymers to initiate aggregation at very low 12-6-12 concentration. At the temperatures above the CMT of the copolymers, the interaction of 12-6-12 with both monomeric and micellar copolymers leads to the formation of the mixed copolymer/12-6-12 micelles, then the mixed micelles break into smaller mixed micelles, and finally free 12-6-12 micelles form with the increase of the 12-6-12 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Dasgupta S, Nath RK, Manna K, Mitra A, Panda AK. Physico-Chemical Studies on the Interaction of Bacterial Polysaccharide- Surfactant Aggregates with Special Reference to their Hydrodynamic Behavior. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:1063-75. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sanan R, Mahajan RK. Polyethylene glycol assisted micellar, interfacial and phase separation studies of triblock copolymer–nonionic surfactant mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Light scattering and surface tensiometric studies of tip-modified PEO-PBO diblock copolymers in water. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mirgorodskaya AB, Yatskevich EI, Zakharova LY, Konovalov AI. Gemini surfactant-nonionic polymer mixed micellar systems. COLLOID JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x11060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Khan A, Bibi I, Pervaiz S, Mahmood K, Siddiq M, Siddiq M. Surface Tension, Density and Viscosity Studies on the Associative Behaviour of Oxyethylene-Oxybutylene Diblock Copolymers in Water at Different Temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2012.21014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Patel V, Chavda S, Aswal VK, Bahadur P. Effect of a Hydrophilic PEO–PPO–PEO Copolymer on Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Tosylate Solutions in Water. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Aggregation and Adsorption at the Air–Solution Interface of the Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Tosylate With Two Poly(oxyethylene)–Poly(oxypropylene)–Poly(oxyethylene) Block Copolymers Aqueous Mixtures. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Han Y, Wang Y. Aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants and their interaction with macromolecules in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1939-56. [PMID: 21225063 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are constructed by two hydrophobic chains and two polar/ionic head groups covalently connected by a spacer group at the level of the head groups. Gemini surfactants possess unique structural variations and display special aggregate transitions. Their aggregation ability and aggregate structures can be more effectively adjusted through changing their molecular structures compared with the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Moreover, gemini surfactants exhibit special and useful properties while interacting with polymers and biomacromolecules. Their strong self-aggregation ability can be applied to effectively influence the aggregation behavior of both polymers and biomacromolecules. This short review is focused on the performances of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions investigated in the last few years, and summarizes the effects of molecular structures on aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution as well as the interaction of gemini surfactants with polymers and biomacromolecules respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Han
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Wettig SD, Deubry R, Akbar J, Kaur T, Wang H, Sheinin T, Joseph JW, Slavcev RA. Thermodynamic investigation of the binding of dissymmetric pyrenyl-gemini surfactants to DNA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4821-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b923817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thermodynamics of surfactants, block copolymers and their mixtures in water: the role of the isothermal calorimetry. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:2873-2895. [PMID: 19742173 PMCID: PMC2738900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10072873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamics of conventional surfactants, block copolymers and their mixtures in water was described to the light of the enthalpy function. The two methodologies, i.e. the van’t Hoff approach and the isothermal calorimetry, used to determine the enthalpy of micellization of pure surfactants and block copolymers were described. The van’t Hoff method was critically discussed. The aqueous copolymer+surfactant mixtures were analyzed by means of the isothermal titration calorimetry and the enthalpy of transfer of the copolymer from the water to the aqueous surfactant solutions. Thermodynamic models were presented to show the procedure to extract straightforward molecular insights from the bulk properties.
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Kerwin BA. Polysorbates 20 and 80 Used in the Formulation of Protein Biotherapeutics: Structure and Degradation Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:2924-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lazzara G, Milioto S, Muratore N. Solubilization of an Organic Solute in Aqueous Solutions of Unimeric Block Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Monomeric Surfactant: Volume, Surface Tension, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Viscosity, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:5616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang C, Wettig SD, Foldvari M, Verrall RE. Synthesis, characterization, and use of asymmetric pyrenyl-gemini surfactants as emissive components in DNA-lipoplex systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8995-9001. [PMID: 17637001 DOI: 10.1021/la0635911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are potential candidates as synthetic vectors for the delivery of genes into cells to induce protein expression. With the ultimate objective of obtaining a better understanding of the mechanism of DNA transfection, two new asymmetric gemini surfactants (py-3-12 and py-6-12) have been synthesized as fluorescence probes. The physicochemical properties and morphologies of the self-assembled aggregates formed in aqueous solution have been studied using surface tension, specific conductance, dynamic light scattering (DLS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence techniques. The interaction between pyrene-based gemini surfactants and DNA was investigated by using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding constants for the DNA (salmon sperm)-gemini lipoplexes were measured. Fluorescence studies show that excimer emission occurs upon complexation with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Wang
- Central Equipment Laboratory, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
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Ababou A, Ladbury JE. Survey of the year 2005: literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:4-14. [PMID: 17006876 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can provide a full thermodynamic characterization of an interaction. Its usage does not suffer from constraints of molecular size, shape or chemical constitution. Neither is there any need for chemical modification or attachment to solid support. This ease of use has made it an invaluable instrumental resource and led to its appearance in many laboratories. Despite this, the value of the thermodynamic parameterization has, only quite recently, become widely appreciated. Although our understanding of the correlation between thermodynamic data and structural details continues to be somewhat naïve, a large number of publications have begun to improve the situation. In this overview of the literature for 2005, we have attempted to highlight works of interest and novelty. Furthermore, we draw attention to those works which we feel have provided a route to better analysis and increased our ability to understand the meaning of thermodynamic change on binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adessamad Ababou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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De Lisi R, Gradzielski M, Lazzara G, Milioto S, Muratore N, Prevost S. Aqueous Block Copolymer−Surfactant Mixtures and Their Ability in Solubilizing Chlorinated Organic Compounds. A Thermodynamic and SANS Study. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:25883-94. [PMID: 17181236 DOI: 10.1021/jp065035l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within the topic of surfactant enhanced solubilization of additives sparingly soluble in water, volumetric, solubility, conductivity, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on mixtures composed of alpha,omega-dichloroalkane, surfactant, copolymer, and water were carried out at 298 K. The triblock copolymers (ethylene oxide)132(propylene oxide)50(ethylene oxide)132 (F108) and (ethylene oxide)76(propylene oxide)29(ethylene oxide)76 (F68) were chosen to investigate the role of the molecular weight keeping constant the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio. The selected surfactants are sodium decanoate (NaDec) and decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DeTAB) with comparable hydrophobicity and different charged heads. The alpha,omega-dichloroalkanes were chosen as contaminant prototypes. For the water + surfactant + copolymer mixtures, both the volume and the SANS results straightforwardly evidenced that (1) monomers of NaDec and copolymer unimers generate small mixed aggregates, (2) monomers of DeTAB combined with copolymer unimers do not form aggregates, and (3) unimeric copolymer is solubilized into NaDec and DeTAB micelles. The alpha,omeaga-dichloroalkanes presence induces the F108 aggregation even at very low copolymer composition. The addition of surfactant disintegrates the F108 aggregates and, consequently, the additive is expelled into the aqueous phase. Once F108 is in the unimeric state, it forms copolymer-micelle aggregates which incorporate the oil. In the case of F68 both the volumetric and the SANS data reveal that the additive does not alter the copolymer unimeric state. Moreover, they show that for the aqueous DeTAB-F68 system the additive trapping in both the copolymer-micelle aggregate and the pure micelles takes place being enhanced in the former aggregate in agreement with solubility experiments. For the NaDec-F68 mixtures, an additional solubilization process in the premicellar copolymer-surfactant microstructures occurs. SANS and conductivity data show that the additive incorporation into the mixed and the pure micelles does not essentially influence the structural properties of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Lisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica F. Accascina, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco D'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Aggregates of alginates binding with surfactants of single and twin alkyl chains in aqueous solutions: Fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen X, Pelton R. Interactions of hydrophobically modified polyvinylamine with pluronic triblock copolymer micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:4952-8. [PMID: 16700580 DOI: 10.1021/la0533516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The heats associated with the addition of triblock copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO pluronics) to solutions of linear polyvinylamine, with N-substituted pendant octyl groups (HMPVAm), were measured as functions of pH and pluronic structure. The interactions were exothermic with the overall enthalpy decreasing with increasing pH from 5 to 10. Surprisingly, the heat effect increased with increasing pluronic hydrophilicity; however, no enthalpy change was observed in the absence of micelles. The results were quantitatively modeled by assuming two competing processes-micellar dissolution and HMPVAm coating of micelles, preventing dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- McMaster Centre for Pulp and Paper Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, JHE-136, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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Desai H, Varade D, Aswal V, Goyal P, Bahadur P. Micellar characteristics of diblock polyacrylate–polyethylene oxide copolymers in aqueous media. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Taboada P, Castro E, Mosquera V. Surfactant/Nonionic Copolymer Interaction: A SLS, DLS, ITC, and NMR Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:23760-70. [PMID: 16375357 DOI: 10.1021/jp0532061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between an oxyphenylethylene-oxyethylene nonionic diblock copolymer with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been studied in dilute aqueous solutions by static and dynamic light scattering (SLS and DLS, respectively), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and 13C and self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The studied copolymer, S20E67, where S denotes the hydrophobic styrene oxide unit and E the hydrophilic oxyethylene unit, forms micelles of 15.6 nm at 25 degrees C, whose core is formed by the styrene oxide chains surrounded by a water swollen polyoxyethylene corona. The S20E67/SDS system has been investigated at a copolymer concentration of 2.5 g dm(-3), for which the copolymer is fully micellized, and with varying surfactant concentration up to approximately 0.15 M. When SDS is added to the solution, two different types of complexes are observed at various surfactant concentrations. From SLS and DLS it can be seen that, at low SDS concentrations, a copolymer-rich surfactant mixed micelle or complex is formed after association of SDS molecules to block copolymer micelles. These interactions give rise to a strong decrease in both light scattering intensity and hydrodynamic radius of the mixed micelles, which has been ascribed to an effective reduction of the complex size, and also an effect arising from the increasing electrostatic repulsion of charged surfactant-copolymer micelles. At higher surfactant concentrations, the copolymer-rich surfactant micelles progressively are destroyed to give surfactant-rich-copolymer micelles, which would be formed by a surfactant micelle bound to one or very few copolymer unimers. ITC data seem to confirm the results of light scattering, showing the dehydration and rehydration processes accompanying the formation and subsequent destruction of the copolymer-rich surfactant mixed micelles. The extent of interaction between the copolymer and the surfactant is seen to involve as much as carbon 3 (C3) of the SDS molecule. Self-diffusion coefficients corroborated light scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Taboada
- Laboratorio de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Bakshi MS, Kaur G, Kaura A. Effect of hydrophobicity of zwitterionic surfactants and triblock polymers on their mixed micelles: A fluorescence study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li X, Wettig SD, Wang C, Foldvari M, Verrall RE. Synthesis and solution properties of gemini surfactants containing oleyl chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3172-8. [PMID: 16240028 DOI: 10.1039/b507910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants 18:1-s-18:1, where s = 2, 3, and 6 methylene groups and 18:1 refers to oleyl carbon chains, have been synthesized, characterized and a number of micelle solution properties measured by using electrical conductance, fluorescence probe emission, light scattering (DLS), surface tension and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) methods at 25 degrees C. The cmc values of 18:1-2-18:1, 18:1-3-18:1, and 18:1-6-18:1 were found to be 26.9, 23.4, and 18.0 microM, respectively, using the electrical conductance method. Surface tension results suggest that in 0.01 N NaCl solutions, the s = 2 and 3 members of the series form multilayer rather than monolayer structures, while the s = 6 homologue adopts a close-packed arrangement. This is consistent with DLS and EM measurements which show vesicle formation for the s = 2 and 3 compounds, and micelle formation for the s = 6 compound. The enthalpies of micellization (deltaH degrees (M)) are more exothermic for the 18:1-s-18:1 series of surfactants, than for the 12-s-12 series. The differences are rationalized in terms of steric and configurational contributions to deltaH degrees (M) arising from difficulties associated with packing of the bulky cis-9-octadecene tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Canada QC H3A 2K6
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