1
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Luo ZH, Chen C, Zhao QH, Deng NN. Functional metal-phenolic cortical cytoskeleton for artificial cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4047. [PMID: 38363847 PMCID: PMC10871533 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cortex-like cytoskeleton, a thin layer of cross-linked cytoplasmic proteins underlying the cell membrane, plays an essential role in modulating membrane behavior and cell surface properties. However, bottom-up construction of functional cortex-like cytoskeleton in artificial cells remains a challenge. Here, we present metal-phenolic networks as artificial cortical cytoskeletons in liposome-based artificial cells. The metal-phenolic cytoskeleton-reinforced artificial cells exhibit long-term stability, enhanced resistance to a variety of harsh environments, tunable permeability, and well-controlled morphologies. We anticipate that our stable artificial cell models will stride forward to practical applications of liposome-based microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Luo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi-Hong Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan-Nan Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China
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2
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Escobedo S, Kong J, Lopez‐Zamora S, Lasa H. Synthetic naphtha recovery from water streams: Vapour‐liquid–liquid equilibrium (
VLLE
) studies in a dynamic
VL
‐cell unit with high intensity mixing. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Escobedo
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Jeonghoon Kong
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra Lopez‐Zamora
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Hugo Lasa
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) Western University London Ontario Canada
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3
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Chen Z, Liu B, Manica R, Liu Q, Xu Z. Interaction Between the Cyclopentane Hydrate Particle and Water Droplet in Hydrocarbon Oil. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2063-2070. [PMID: 32027508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of immiscible water drops in bulk hydrocarbon is likely to bridge hydrate particles to cause hydrate agglomeration, leading to potential pipeline blockage. This can become a major challenge for flow assurance in offshore petroleum transportation. To avoid hydrate aggregation, the attachment between hydrate and water drops should be avoided. In this study, we used our home-designed integrated thin film drainage apparatus to investigate the interactions between a hydrate particle and a water drop inside model oil (i.e., mixture of cyclopentane and toluene with a volumetric ratio of 1:1). Our experiments showed that asphaltenes, a natural component in crude oil, were an effective inhibitor for the attachment between water drops and hydrate particles. Without asphaltenes in the system, the water drop adhered to the hydrate particle immediately after the two surfaces contacted. By adding 0.03 g/L asphaltenes into the oil phase, the attachment was delayed by 0.7 s when the applied preload force was set to around 0.05 mN. By increasing the asphaltenes addition to 0.05 g/L, the attachment between the hydrate and water drop was prevented even when the contact time lasted up to 25 s. This phenomenon could be explained by the adsorption of an asphaltenes layer along the interface between the aqueous drop and hydrocarbon. Measurements of the dynamic interfacial tension and crumping ratio confirmed the presence of the adsorption layer. The addition of 0.6 mol/L NaCl or 0.3 mol/L CaCl2 in the aqueous drop could further enhance the strength of the adsorption layer. Results of this research provide understanding of the benefits of asphaltenes and salt in preventing hydrate agglomeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Rogerio Manica
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
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4
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Bochner de Araujo S, Reyssat M, Monteux C, Fuller GG. Ablation of water drops suspended in asphaltene/heptol solutions due to spontaneous emulsification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax8227. [PMID: 31692789 PMCID: PMC6814400 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecules from crude oil, such as asphaltenes, can adsorb onto oil/water interfaces. This creates a viscoelastic network that may cause difficulties in oil recovery and oil spills. In addition to stabilization of oil/water emulsions, they may also cause the spontaneous formation of micron-sized droplets. Here, we investigate spontaneous emulsification in the presence of asphaltenes, probing parameters that may affect this phenomenon by observing isolated drops of water immersed in asphaltene/hydrocarbon solutions within a co-flow microfluidic device. The results indicate that the initial internal pressure of the drop strongly influences the rate at which the drop will shrink due to spontaneous emulsification. In addition, the viscoelastic skin formation by the asphaltenes inhibits increases in this pressure that normally accompanies a decrease in drop radius. Understanding this spontaneous emulsification has implications not only for the oil industry, but also to the cosmetics, foods, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bochner de Araujo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Reyssat
- UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C. Monteux
- Sciences et Ingénierie de La Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - G. G. Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Interfacial properties pertinent to W/O and O/W emulsion systems prepared using polyaromatic compounds. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Chang CC, Nowbahar A, Mansard V, Williams I, Mecca J, Schmitt AK, Kalantar TH, Kuo TC, Squires TM. Interfacial Rheology and Heterogeneity of Aging Asphaltene Layers at the Water-Oil Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5409-5415. [PMID: 29685033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface-active asphaltene molecules are naturally found in crude oil, causing serious problems in the petroleum industry by stabilizing emulsion drops, thus hindering the separation of water and oil. Asphaltenes can adsorb at water-oil interfaces to form viscoelastic interfacial films that retard or prevent coalescence. Here, we measure the evolving interfacial shear rheology of water-oil interfaces as asphaltenes adsorb. Generally, interfaces stiffen with time, and the response crosses over from viscous-dominated to elastic-dominated. However, significant variations in the stiffness evolution are observed in putatively identical experiments. Direct visualization of the interfacial strain field reveals significant heterogeneities within each evolving film, which appear to be an inherent feature of the asphaltene interfaces. Our results reveal the adsorption process and aged interfacial structure to be more complex than that previously described. The complexities likely impact the coalescence of asphaltene-stabilized droplets, and suggest new challenges in destabilizing crude oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Arash Nowbahar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Vincent Mansard
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
- Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems , 31031 Toulouse , France
| | - Ian Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Jodi Mecca
- The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48640 , United States
| | - Adam K Schmitt
- The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48640 , United States
| | - Tom H Kalantar
- The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48640 , United States
| | - Tzu-Chi Kuo
- The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48640 , United States
| | - Todd M Squires
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
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7
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Pandolfini P, Loglio G, Ravera F, Liggieri L, Kovalchuk V, Javadi A, Karbaschi M, Krägel J, Miller R, Noskov B, Bykov A. Dynamic properties of Span-80 adsorbed layers at paraffin-oil/water interface: Capillary pressure experiments under low gravity conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Kurokawa C, Fujiwara K, Morita M, Kawamata I, Kawagishi Y, Sakai A, Murayama Y, Nomura SIM, Murata S, Takinoue M, Yanagisawa M. DNA cytoskeleton for stabilizing artificial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7228-7233. [PMID: 28652345 PMCID: PMC5514726 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702208114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-sized liposomes and droplets coated with lipid layers have been used as platforms for understanding live cells, constructing artificial cells, and implementing functional biomedical tools such as biosensing platforms and drug delivery systems. However, these systems are very fragile, which results from the absence of cytoskeletons in these systems. Here, we construct an artificial cytoskeleton using DNA nanostructures. The designed DNA oligomers form a Y-shaped nanostructure and connect to each other with their complementary sticky ends to form networks. To undercoat lipid membranes with this DNA network, we used cationic lipids that attract negatively charged DNA. By encapsulating the DNA into the droplets, we successfully created a DNA shell underneath the membrane. The DNA shells increased interfacial tension, elastic modulus, and shear modulus of the droplet surface, consequently stabilizing the lipid droplets. Such drastic changes in stability were detected only when the DNA shell was in the gel phase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that liposomes with the DNA gel shell are substantially tolerant against outer osmotic shock. These results clearly show the DNA gel shell is a stabilizer of the lipid membrane akin to the cytoskeleton in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kurokawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ibuki Kawamata
- Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yui Kawagishi
- Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Murayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Murata
- Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan;
| | - Miho Yanagisawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588 Japan;
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9
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Shi C, Zhang L, Xie L, Lu X, Liu Q, He J, Mantilla CA, Van den Berg FGA, Zeng H. Surface Interaction of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets with Interfacially Active Asphaltenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1265-1274. [PMID: 28081605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of interfacially active components at the water/oil interface plays critical roles in determining the properties and behaviors of emulsion droplets. In this study, the droplet probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was applied, for the first time, to quantitatively study the interaction mechanism between water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets with interfacially adsorbed asphaltenes. The behaviors and stability of W/O emulsion droplets were demonstrated to be significantly influenced by the asphaltene concentration of organic solution where the emulsions were aged, aging time, force load, contact time, and solvent type. Bare water droplets could readily coalesce with each other in oil (i.e., toluene), while interfacially adsorbed asphaltenes could sterically inhibit droplet coalescence and induce interfacial adhesion during separation of the water droplets. For low asphaltene concentration cases, the adhesion increased with increasing asphaltene concentration (≤100 mg/L), but it significantly decreased at relatively high asphaltene concentration (e.g., 500 mg/L). Experiments in Heptol (i.e., mixture of toluene and heptane) showed that the addition of a poor solvent for asphaltenes (e.g., heptane) could enhance the interfacial adhesion between emulsion droplets at relatively low asphaltene concentration but could weaken the adhesion at relatively high asphaltene concentration. This work has quantified the interactions between W/O emulsion droplets with interfacially adsorbed asphaltenes, and the results provide useful implications into the stabilization mechanisms of W/O emulsions in oil production. The methodology in this work can be readily extended to other W/O emulsion systems with interfacially active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jiajun He
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - Cesar A Mantilla
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | | | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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10
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Bi J, Yang F, Harbottle D, Pensini E, Tchoukov P, Simon S, Sjöblom J, Dabros T, Czarnecki J, Liu Q, Xu Z. Interfacial Layer Properties of a Polyaromatic Compound and its Role in Stabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10382-10391. [PMID: 26325243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical properties of interfacial layers formed at the xylene-water interface by the adsorption of a polyaromatic organic compound, N-(1-hexylheptyl)-N'-(5-carbonylicpentyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (in brief, C5Pe), were studied systematically. The deprotonation of the carboxylic group of C5Pe at alkaline pH made it highly interfacially active, significantly reducing the xylene-water interfacial tension. Thin liquid film experiments showed a continuous buildup of heterogeneous C5Pe interfacial layers at the xylene-water interfaces, which contributed to the formation of stable W/O emulsions. Continual accumulation and rearrangement of C5Pe aggregates at the xylene-water interface to form a thick layer was confirmed by in situ Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The rheology measurement of the interfacial layer by double-wall ring interfacial rheometry under oscillatory shear showed that the interfacial layers formed from C5Pe solutions of high concentrations were substantially more elastic and rigid. The presence of elastically dominant interfacial layers of C5Pe led to the formation of stable water-in-xylene emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebin Bi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Harbottle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds, U.K
| | - Erica Pensini
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Plamen Tchoukov
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sébastien Simon
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Sjöblom
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tadek Dabros
- CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Devon, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Czarnecki
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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He L, Lin F, Li X, Sui H, Xu Z. Interfacial sciences in unconventional petroleum production: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5446-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With the ever increasing demand for energy to meet the needs of growth in population and improvement in the living standards, in particular in developing countries, the abundant unconventional oil reserves (about 70% of total world oil), such as heavy oil, oil/tar sands and shale oil, are playing an increasingly important role in securing global energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre of Distillation Technology
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
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12
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Kaolinite and Silica Dispersions in Low-Salinity Environments: Impact on a Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion Stability. ENERGIES 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/en4101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Gao S, Moran K, Xu Z, Masliyah J. Role of Naphthenic Acids in Stabilizing Water-in-Diluted Model Oil Emulsions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7710-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910855q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada, and Titanium Corporation, Suite 1400, Baker Centre, 10025-106 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1G4, Canada
| | - Kevin Moran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada, and Titanium Corporation, Suite 1400, Baker Centre, 10025-106 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1G4, Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada, and Titanium Corporation, Suite 1400, Baker Centre, 10025-106 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1G4, Canada
| | - Jacob Masliyah
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada, and Titanium Corporation, Suite 1400, Baker Centre, 10025-106 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 1G4, Canada
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14
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Feng X, Mussone P, Gao S, Wang S, Wu SY, Masliyah JH, Xu Z. Mechanistic study on demulsification of water-in-diluted bitumen emulsions by ethylcellulose. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3050-3057. [PMID: 20175568 DOI: 10.1021/la9029563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, ethylcellulose (EC), an effective, nontoxic, and biodegradable natural polymer, was found effective in dewatering water-in-diluted bitumen emulsions. In this study, the demulsification mechanism of water-in-diluted bitumen emulsions by EC is investigated. In situ experiments using a micropipet apparatus provided direct evidence on both flocculation and coalescence of water droplets in diluted bitumen by EC. The addition of EC was found to decrease naphtha-diluted bitumen-water interfacial tension significantly. At the molecular level, AFM imaging revealed disruption of the continuous interfacial films formed from surface-active components of bitumen by EC. Our study clearly indicates that the demulsification by EC is through both flocculation and coalescence of water droplets, attained by competitive adsorption of EC at the oil-water interface and disruption of the original protective interfacial films formed from the surface-active components of bitumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Feng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada
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15
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Verruto VJ, Kilpatrick PK. Water-in-model oil emulsions studied by small-angle neutron scattering: interfacial film thickness and composition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12807-12822. [PMID: 18947210 DOI: 10.1021/la802095m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing worldwide demand for energy has led to the upgrading of heavy crude oil and asphaltene-rich feedstocks becoming viable refining options for the petroleum industry. Traditional problems associated with these feedstocks, particularly stable water-in-petroleum emulsions, are drawing increasing attention. Despite considerable research on the interfacial assembly of asphaltenes, resins, and naphthenic acids, much about the resulting interfacial films is not well understood. Here, we describe the use of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to elucidate interfacial film properties from model emulsion systems. Modeling the SANS data with both a polydisperse core/shell form factor as well as a thin sheet approximation, we have deduced the film thickness and the asphaltenic composition within the stabilizing interfacial films of water-in-model oil emulsions prepared in toluene, decalin, and 1-methylnaphthalene. Film thicknesses were found to be 100-110 A with little deviation among the three solvents. By contrast, asphaltene composition in the film varied significantly, with decalin leading to the most asphaltene-rich films (30% by volume of the film), while emulsions made in toluene and methylnaphthalene resulted in lower asphaltenic contents (12-15%). Through centrifugation and dilatational rheology, we found that trends of decreasing water resolution (i.e., increasing emulsion stability) and increasing long-time dilatational elasticity corresponded with increasing asphaltene composition in the film. In addition to the asphaltenic composition of the films, here we also deduce the film solvent and water content. Our analyses indicate that 1:1 (O/W) emulsions prepared with 3% (w/w) asphaltenes in toluene and 1 wt % NaCl aqueous solutions at pH 7 and pH 10 resulted in 80-90 A thick films, interfacial areas around 2600-3100 cm (2)/mL, and films that were roughly 25% (v/v) asphaltenic, 60-70% toluene, and 8-12% water. The increased asphaltene and water film composition at pH 10 versus pH 7, along with unique dynamic interfacial tension profiles, suggested that the protonation state of carboxylic moieties within asphaltenes impacts the final film properties. This was further supported when we characterized similar asphaltenic emulsions that also contained 9-anthracence carboxylic acid (ACA). Addition of this aromatic acid led to slightly thinner films (70-80 A) that were characteristically more aqueous (up to 20% by volume) and 5-6% (v/v) ACA. This unique in situ characterization (deduced entirely from SANS data from emulsion samples) of the entire film composition calls for further investigation regarding the role this film-based water plays in emulsion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Verruto
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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16
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Herzig EM, White KA, Schofield AB, Poon WCK, Clegg PS. Bicontinuous emulsions stabilized solely by colloidal particles. NATURE MATERIALS 2007; 6:966-971. [PMID: 17982465 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent large-scale computer simulations suggest that it may be possible to create a new class of soft solids, called 'bijels', by stabilizing and arresting the bicontinuous interface in a binary liquid demixing via spinodal decomposition using particles that are neutrally wetted by both liquids. The interfacial layer of particles is expected to be semi-permeable; hence, if realized, these new materials would have many potential applications, for example, as micro-reaction media. However, the creation of bijels in the laboratory faces serious obstacles. In general, fast quench rates are necessary to bypass nucleation, so that only samples with limited thickness can be produced, which destroys the three-dimensionality of the putative bicontinuous network. Moreover, even a small degree of unequal wettability of the particles by the two liquids can lead to ill-characterized, 'lumpy' interfacial layers and therefore irreproducible material properties. Here, we report a reproducible protocol for creating three-dimensional samples of bijel in which the interfaces are stabilized by essentially a single layer of particles. We demonstrate how to tune the mean interfacial separation in these bijels, and show that mechanically, they indeed behave as soft solids. These characteristics and their tunability will be of great value for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Herzig
- SUPA, School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, UK
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Hannisdal A, Orr R, Sjöblom J. Viscoelastic Properties of Crude Oil Components at Oil‐Water Interfaces. 2: Comparison of 30 Oils. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690601107708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hannisdal A, Orr R, Sjöblom J. Viscoelastic Properties of Crude Oil Components at Oil‐Water Interfaces. 1. The Effect of Dilution. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690600992647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tsamantakis C, Masliyah J, Yeung A, Gentzis T. The behaviour of micro-bitumen drops in aqueous clay environments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 288:129-39. [PMID: 15927571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study summarises the rheological behaviour of emulsion bitumen drops in the presence of aqueous solutions of de-ionised or process water (DIW or PW) containing montmorillonite clays (M) and/or calcium ions (Ca++). The presence of calcium ions and montmorillonite clays resulted in the plastic behaviour of bitumen drops. In a DIW+M+Ca++ system, increasing temperature and calcium ion concentration resulted in an increase in the number and degree of plastic bitumen drops. In the presence of considerable amounts of Ca++ ions and/or at higher experimental temperature, bitumen drops in a PW+M system exhibited no significant overall plasticity of their surfaces. Both calcium and sodium ions contained in process water compete with each other to occupy the montmorillonite clay surface. At the pH value of process water (pH congruent with8), increasing the temperature did not change the value of bitumen droplet zeta potential. Stability of bitumen-in-water emulsions at 22 degrees C showed that bitumen droplets coalesced upon contact in the DIW+M system. The addition of calcium ions (Ca++) led to the inhibition of coagulation and coalescence of bitumen droplets, which may indicate the formation of CaM aggregates at the bitumen-water interface.
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