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Ghazani SM, Hargreaves J, Guldiken B, Mata A, Pensini E, Marangoni AG. Oleosome interfacial engineering to enhance their functionality in foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100682. [PMID: 38304001 PMCID: PMC10831160 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the physical stability of native sunflower oleosomes to expand their range of applications in food. The first objective was to increase the stability and functionality of oleosomes to lower pH since most food products require a pH of 5.5 or lower for microbial stability. Native sunflower oleosomes had a pI of 6.2. One particularly effective strategy for long-term stabilization, both physical and microbial, was the addition of 40% (w/w) glycerol to the oleosomes plus homogenization, which decreased the pI to 5.3 as well as decreasing oleosome size, narrowing the size distribution and increasing colloidal stability. Interfacial engineering of oleosomes by coating them with lecithin and the polysaccharides xanthan and gellan, effectively increased stability, and lowered their pI to 3.0 for lecithin and lower than 3.0 for xanthan. Coating oleosomes also caused a greater absolute value of the ζ-potential; for example, this amount was shifted to -20 mV at pH 4.0 for xanthan and to -28 mV at pH 4.0 for lecithin, which provides electrostatic stabilization. Polysaccharides also provide steric stabilization, which is superior. A significant increase in the diameter of coated oleosomes was observed with lecithin, xanthan and gellan. The oleosome sample with 40% glycerol showed high storage stability at 4 °C (over three months). The addition of glycerol also decreased the water activity of the oleosome suspension to 0.85, which could prevent microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Erica Pensini
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Ghazani SM, Pensini E, Hargreaves J, Mata A, Guldiken B, Marangoni AG. Erratum: Removal notice to "Oleosome interfacial engineering to enhance their functionality in foods" [Curr. Res. Food Sci. 6 (2023) 100465]. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100498. [PMID: 37215739 PMCID: PMC10196844 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100465.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Ghazani SM, Pensini E, Hargreaves J, Mata A, Guldiken B, Marangoni AG. Oleosome interfacial engineering to enhance their functionality in foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100465. [PMID: 36891546 PMCID: PMC9986503 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the physical stability of native sunflower oleosomes to expand their range of applications in food. The first objective was to increase the stability and functionality of oleosomes to lower pH since most food products require a pH of 5.5 or lower for microbial stability. Native sunflower oleosomes had a pI of 6.2. One particularly effective strategy for long-term stabilization, both physical and microbial, was the addition of 40% (w/w) glycerol to the oleosomes plus homogenization, which decreased the pI to 5.3 as well as decreasing oleosome size, narrowing the size distribution and increasing colloidal stability. Interfacial engineering of oleosomes by coating them with lecithin and the polysaccharides xanthan and gellan, effectively increased stability, and lowered their pI to 3.0 for lecithin and lower than 3.0 for xanthan. Coating oleosomes also caused a greater absolute value of the ζ-potential; for example, this amount was shifted to -20 mV at pH 4.0 for xanthan and to -28 mV at pH 4.0 for lecithin, which provides electrostatic stabilization. Polysaccharides also provide steric stabilization, which is superior. A significant increase in the diameter of coated oleosomes was observed with lecithin, xanthan and gellan. The oleosome sample with 40% glycerol showed high storage stability at 4 °C (over three months). The addition of glycerol also decreased the water activity of the oleosome suspension to 0.85, which could prevent microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Earnden L, Marangoni AG, Laredo T, Stobbs J, Pensini E. Self-Assembled glycerol monooleate demixes miscible liquids through selective hydrogen bonding to water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Marangoni AG, Ghazani SM, Pensini E. An entropy‐centric equilibrium cooperative theory for the melting behavior of nonideal triaclylglycerol mixtures. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed M. Ghazani
- Department Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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Hood C, Ghazani SM, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. Flexible polymeric biomaterials from epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized oleic acid, and citric acid as both a hardener and acid catalyst. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hood
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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Marshall T, Marangoni AG, Laredo T, Al-Abdul-Wahid MS, Pensini E. Mechanisms of solvent separation using sugars and sugar alcohols. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marshall T, Earnden L, Marangoni AG, Laredo T, Pensini E. Cubic mesophases of self-assembled amphiphiles separate miscible solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hood C, Rios de Souza V, Keener K, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. Effect of metal salts on high‐voltage atmospheric cold plasma‐induced polymerization of acrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hood
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
| | | | - Kevin Keener
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
| | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada
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Earnden L, Van Der Zalm J, Chen A, Marangoni AG, van Lier R, Pensini E. Comparative study of corrosion inhibition by three anionic surfactants in an acidic environment. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Earnden
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | - Aicheng Chen
- Chemistry Department University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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Yang F, He X, Tan W, Liu G, Yi T, Lu Q, Wei X, Xie H, Long Q, Wang G, Guo C, Pensini E, Lu Z, Liu Q, Xu Z. Adhesion-Shielding based synthesis of interfacially active magnetic Janus nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1741-1753. [PMID: 34598031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A unique adhesion-shielding (AS)-based method could be used to manufacture magnetic Janus nanoparticles (IM-JNPs) of promising interfacial activities, asymmetric surface wettability, and great performance on deoiling from oily wastewater under the external magnetic field. EXPERIMENTS The IM-JNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The interfacial properties of IM-JNPs were investigated by the measurements of interfacial pressure-area isotherms (π-A), oil-water interfacial tension, and the related crumpling ratio. The Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) technique was used to determine the asymmetric surface wettability of the IM-JNPs. The performance and recyclability of IM-JNPs for treating oily wastewater were also investigated. FINDINGS Using the proposed AS-based method, 17.9 g IM-JNPs were synthesized at a time and exhibited excellent interfacial properties, as indicated by decreasing oil-water interfacial tension from 38 to 27 mN/m. The crumpling behavior of the oil droplet further demonstrated the irreversible deposition of IM-JNPs at the oil droplet surfaces. The L-B technique and water contact angle measurement confirmed the asymmetric surface wettability of the IM-JNPs. The IM-JNPs were applied to successful removal of > 90% emulsified oil droplets from the household-produced oily wastewater under the external magnetic field while realizing facile recyclability and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Wen Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tingting Yi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hanjie Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qiurong Long
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - GuiChao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Erica Pensini
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qingxia Liu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Earnden L, Marangoni AG, Gregori S, Paschos A, Pensini E. Zein-Bonded Graphene and Biosurfactants Enable the Electrokinetic Clean-Up of Hydrocarbons. Langmuir 2021; 37:11153-11169. [PMID: 34514802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL, e.g., hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds) are common groundwater pollutants. Electrokinetic remediation of NAPLs uses electric fields to draw them toward electrodes and remove them from groundwater. The treatment requires NAPL mobility. Emulsification increases mobility, but at a risk for downstream receptors. We propose using alkaline aqueous solutions of zein and graphene nanoparticles (GNP) to form conductive materials, which could also act as barriers to control NAPL migration. Alkaline zein-GNP solutions can be injected in the polluted soil and solidified by neutralizing the pH (e.g., with glacial acetic acid, GAA). Shear rheology experiments showed that zein-GNP composites were cohesive, and voltammetry showed that GNP increased electrical conductivity of zein-based materials by 3.5 times. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) demonstrated that the electrokinetic treatment of model sandy aquifers yielded >60% and ∼47% removal of emulsified toluene in freshwater and in salt solutions, respectively (with 30 min treatment using a 10 V differential voltage between a zein-GNP and an aluminum electrode. NaCl was used as model salt contaminant. The conductivity of surfactant solutions was lower in saline water than in freshwater, explaining differences in toluene removal. Toluene-water emulsions were stabilized using the natural surfactants lecithin and saponin. These surfactants acted synergistically in stabilizing emulsions in either freshwater or salt solutions. Lecithin and saponin likely interacted at toluene-water interfaces, as indicated by the morphology, interfacial tension and compressional rigidity of toluene-water interfaces with both components (relative to interfaces of either lecithin or saponin alone). The compressional behavior of interfacial films was well-described by the Marczak model. Electrokinetic treatment of saturated model sandy aquifers also decreased the turbidity of emulsions of water and either tricholoroethylene (TCE, by ∼41%) or diesel (by ∼75%), in the presence of a bacterial biosurfactant. This decrease was used as semiquantitative indicator of NAPL removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Earnden
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- University of Guelph, Food Science Department, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stefano Gregori
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Athanasios Paschos
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Mohawk College, School of Engineering and Technology, 135 Fennell Ave W, Hamilton, Ontario L9C 0E5, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hood
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Thamara Laredo
- Departments of Sustainability Sciences and Chemistry Lakehead University Orillia Ontario Canada
| | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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Pensini E, Laredo T, Earnden L, Marangoni AG, Ghazani SM. A ‘three in one’ complexing agent enables copper desorption from polluted soil, its removal from groundwater and its detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhu L, Spachos P, Pensini E, Plataniotis KN. Deep learning and machine vision for food processing: A survey. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:233-249. [PMID: 33937871 PMCID: PMC8079277 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality and safety of food is an important issue to the whole society, since it is at the basis of human health, social development and stability. Ensuring food quality and safety is a complex process, and all stages of food processing must be considered, from cultivating, harvesting and storage to preparation and consumption. However, these processes are often labour-intensive. Nowadays, the development of machine vision can greatly assist researchers and industries in improving the efficiency of food processing. As a result, machine vision has been widely used in all aspects of food processing. At the same time, image processing is an important component of machine vision. Image processing can take advantage of machine learning and deep learning models to effectively identify the type and quality of food. Subsequently, follow-up design in the machine vision system can address tasks such as food grading, detecting locations of defective spots or foreign objects, and removing impurities. In this paper, we provide an overview on the traditional machine learning and deep learning methods, as well as the machine vision techniques that can be applied to the field of food processing. We present the current approaches and challenges, and the future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Petros Spachos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Marshall T, Marangoni AG, Corradini MG, Rodriguez-Uribe A, Misra M, Mohanty AK, Rodriguez BM, Pensini E. Path-dependent rheology of carbon particle-hydroxyethylcellulose fluids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Marshall T, Lamont K, Marangoni AG, Lim LT, Wang X, Pensini E. Trypan blue removal from water with zein sorbents and laccase. SN Appl Sci 2021; 3:29. [PMID: 33442668 PMCID: PMC7790779 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Zein-based materials were used to remove Trypan blue from water under flow conditions and in batch tests. In flow tests, zein dissolved at pH = 13 was injected in sand columns and subsequently coagulated with CaCl2, to create an adsorbent filter which removed over 99% of Trypan blue. Batch tests were conducted using zein powder, zein dissolved at pH = 13 and coagulated with CaCl2, Fe2Cl3 or citric acid, and zein dissolved in ethanol and then coagulated with water. The highest Trypan blue removal was achieved with zein powder (4000 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent, as determined through spectrophotometry), followed by zein coagulated with Fe2Cl3 (500 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent) and with other salts (140 mg Trypan blue/kg sorbent). Differences in the sorption efficiency are attributed to differences in the surface area. The sorption isotherm of Trypan blue onto zein-based sorbents was a Type II isotherm, suggesting physisorption. Desorption of Trypan blue was limited when zein-based coagulated sorbents were immersed in pure water. Trypan blue could be degraded by free laccase in water, as determined through spectrophotometry and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). Trypan blue could also be degraded by laccase when zein-based laccase-containing sorbents were prepared at pH = 10, using Fe2Cl3 as coagulant. Graphic abstract Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-020-04107-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatianna Marshall
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Kristine Lamont
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Alejandro G. Marangoni
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Xiuju Wang
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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Estepa KMO, Lamont K, Malicevic S, Paschos A, Colaruotolo L, Corradini M, Marangoni AG, Lim LT, Pensini E. Chitosan-Based biogels: A potential approach to trap and bioremediate naphthalene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Malicevic S, Garcia Pacheco AP, Lamont K, Estepa KM, Daguppati P, van de Vegte J, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. Phosphate removal from water using alginate/carboxymethylcellulose/aluminum beads and plaster of paris. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1255-1267. [PMID: 32153084 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus released in lakes due to agricultural water runoff causes eutrophication, deteriorating water quality and harming ecosystems. Two adsorbents were studied for the removal of phosphate from water: plaster of Paris powder and hydrogel beads produced using alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, and aluminum. The reaction kinetics, adsorption capacity, and ability to desorb were compared. Sorption of phosphate with either plaster of Paris or hydrogel beads was well described by the Langmuir model. In deionized water, hydrogel beads had a maximum sorption capacity of 90.5 mg PO 4 3 - /g dry bead with an equilibration time of approximately 24 hr. Monovalent anions (e.g., chloride) did not affect phosphorus sorption onto hydrogel beads, whereas divalent anions (e.g., sulfate) hindered sorption. In deionized water, plaster of Paris (POP) powder has a maximum capacity of 1.52 mg PO 4 3 - /g with an equilibrium time of less than 10 min. Sorbents can potentially be reused following phosphate desorption, and desorbed phosphate may be reused as fertilizer. At pH = 9.5, hydrogel beads desorbed up to 60% of the original amount of phosphate sorbed and lower amounts at lower pH. At pH = 2, POP powder desorbed only 35% of the initial phosphate sorbed, and desorption decreased with increasing pH. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The maximum sorption capacity of plaster of Paris is 1.52 mg PO 4 3 - /g. The maximum sorption capacity of hydrogel beads is 90.5 mg PO 4 3 - /g. Monovalent anions do not affect phosphorus sorption, and divalent anions hinder it by ≈36%. Sorption is well described by Langmuir isotherms (R2 > 0.98). Hydrogel beads desorb 60% of phosphorus at pH = 9, possibly allowing phosphorus reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Garcia Pacheco
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir S/N Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Martir Ex-Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, Mexico
| | - Kristine Lamont
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - John van de Vegte
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Marshall T, Estepa KM, Corradini M, Marangoni AG, Sleep B, Pensini E. Selective solvent filters for non-aqueous phase liquid separation from water. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11931. [PMID: 32686747 PMCID: PMC7371871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable filters permeable to water but impermeable to non-polar solvents were developed to contain non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in contaminated aquifers, hence protecting downstream receptors during NAPL remediation. Filters were produced by injecting aqueous solutions of 0.01% chitosan, hydroxyethylcellulose and quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose into sand columns, followed by rinsing with water. Polymer sorption onto silica was verified using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Fluorescence and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy showed low ppm range concentrations of non-polar solvents (e.g., hexane and toluene) in water eluted from the filters (in the absence of emulsifiers). The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and hexane or toluene were > 90°, indicating surface oleophobicity. Organic, polar solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran and tetrachloroethylene, TCE) were not separated from water. The contact angles between polymer-coated surfaces and TCE was also > 90°. However, the contact area with polymer coated surfaces was greater for TCE than non-polar solvents, suggesting higher affinity between TCE and the surfaces. Emulsifiers can be used to facilitate NAPL extraction from aquifers. Emulsion separation efficiency depended on the emulsifier used. Emulsions were not separated with classical surfactants (e.g. Tween 20 and oleic acid) or alkaline zein solutions. Partial emulsion separation was achieved with humic acids and zein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatianna Marshall
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Klaudine M Estepa
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maria Corradini
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Food Science Department, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brent Sleep
- Civil and Mineral Engineering Department, University of Toronto, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Lamont K, Marangoni AG, Pensini E. 'Emulsion locks' for the containment of hydrocarbons during surfactant flushing. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:98-109. [PMID: 32081345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reversible double water in oil in water (W/O/W) emulsions were developed to contain subsurface hydrocarbon spills during their remediation using surfactant flushing. Double emulsions were prepared by emulsifying CaCl2 solutions in canola oil, and subsequently by emulsifying the W/O emulsions in aqueous sodium alginate solutions. The formation of double emulsions was confirmed with confocal and optical microscopy. The double emulsions reversed and gelled when mixed with the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cocamidopropyl betaine (CPB). Gels can act as 'emulsion locks' to prevent spreading of the hydrocarbon plume from the areas treated with surfactant flushing, as shown in sand column tests. Shear rheology was used to quantify the viscoelastic moduli increase (gelation) upon mixing the double emulsion with SDS and CPB. SDS was more effective than CPB in gelling the double emulsions. CPB and SDS could adsorb at the interface between water and model hydrocarbons (toluene and motor oil), lowering the interfacial tension and rigidifying the interface (as shown with a Langmuir trough). Bottle tests and optical microscopy showed that SDS and CPB produced W/O and O/W emulsions, with either toluene or motor oil and water. The emulsification of motor oil and toluene in water with SDS and CPB facilitated their flow through sand columns and their recovery. Toluene recovery from sand columns was quantitated using Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The data show that SDS and CPB can be used both for surfactant flushing and to trigger the gelation of 'emulsion locks'. Ethanol also gelled the emulsions at 100 mL/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Lamont
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- University of Guelph, Food Science Department, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Safieh P, Walls DJ, Frostad JM, Marangoni AG, Mirzaee Ghazani S, Pensini E. Effect of Toluene and Hexane Sorption on the Rheology and Interfacial Properties of Lecithin-Based Emulsion Gels. Langmuir 2020; 36:1484-1495. [PMID: 31944124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel sorbent material consisting of a gel made from canola oil and water, emulsified with lecithin, was used to remove two model solvents from water. Sorption capacity was quantified through small-scale batch experiments. The structure and the mechanical properties of the gel were compared with and without added solvent to assess their cohesiveness upon removing contaminants from water. Confocal microscopy showed that the initial gel consisted of water droplets clustered in a canola oil continuous phase. The G' of the gels increased with solvent absorption to a maximum at 33% (v/v) hexane or 24% (v/v) toluene. Larger absorbed volumes led to decreases in G' of the gel. G' for solvent mixtures of 50% toluene and 50% hexane was intermediate between G' measured for the same volumes of pure solvents. Confocal microscopy suggests that the decrease of G' upon addition of large solvent volumes was due to a simple dilution effect. It is hypothesized that the initial increase in storage modulus was caused by changes in the structure of the lecithin films formed at the oil-water interfaces. This hypothesis was evaluated through measurements of interfacial tension, visualization of the interface with optical microscopy, force measurements of a single droplet under compression using a cantilevered-capillary force apparatus, compressional isotherm measurements conducted using a Langmuir trough. The cantilevered-capillary force apparatus and Langmuir trough experiments demonstrated that lecithin films at the canola oil-water interface were rigidified by toluene and hexane addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Safieh
- School of Engineering , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Daniel J Walls
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , University of British Columbia , 2332 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
- Food Science , University of British Columbia , 2332 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - John M Frostad
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , University of British Columbia , 2332 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
- Food Science , University of British Columbia , 2332 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- Food Science Department , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Saeed Mirzaee Ghazani
- Food Science Department , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of Engineering , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road East , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
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Lamont K, Pensini E, Marangoni AG. Gelation on demand using switchable double emulsions: A potential strategy for the in situ immobilization of organic contaminants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 562:470-482. [PMID: 31785939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Switchable double emulsions (water in oil in water, W/O/W) are proposed for the in situ immobilization of subsurface organic contaminants such as toluene, hexane or benzene. Primary W/O emulsions were prepared by emulsifying 250 mL of 0.36 M CaCl2 aqueous solutions in 1 L of canola oil (with 12.5 g/L of ethylcellulose, EC, and 2.5 g/L of calcium stearate). In the primary W/O emulsion the water droplets in oil were ≈8 μm, as observed using an optical and a confocal microscope. EC and calcium stearate adsorbed at the oil water interface (as demonstrated by interfacial tension measurements), forming films which stabilized the W/O emulsions (as verified with bottle tests). Experiments conducted using a Langmuir trough suggest that EC and calcium stearate films did not desorb from the oil-water interface upon compression. Crumpling tests and optical microscopy observations indicate that EC and calcium stearate films were skin-like, and buckled when deformed. To obtain double W/O/W emulsions the primary emulsions were emulsified in a 0.75 wt% solution of sodium alginate, with 2 mL/L of Tween 20 and 10 g/L of NaCl. The formation of W/O/W emulsions was verified through optical microscopy and confocal microscopy observations. In the absence of the contaminants the double emulsions were stable, as observed by resting them on the bench over three days and agitating them with a multi-action wrist shaker for 30 min. Also, they had low shear elastic (G' = 2.67 ± 0.58 Pa) and viscous (G″ = 1.69 ± 0.24 Pa) moduli, which should facilitate their transport through geological media (e.g. soil) to polluted areas. Upon mixing with toluene, hexane or benzene at concentrations ranging from 5% to 17%, the double emulsions were destabilized. Emulsion destabilization caused the release of CaCl2, which crosslinked sodium alginate and formed gels in which the contaminants were incorporated. The gelation rate and the magnitude of the viscoelastic moduli depended on the contaminant type and concentration, and on the mixing time. Gelation occurred fastest with the highest toluene concentrations tested (9% to 17%), but the highest elastic moduli were measured with 9% toluene concentrations for the longest mixing times tested (90 s). Gelation occurred slowest with hexane, likely due to the poor solubility of EC in hexane. Because of their ability to gel exclusively in contaminant proximity, the double emulsions studied offer a potential strategy to control the migration of plumes of contaminants such as toluene, hexane or benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Lamont
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- University of Guelph, Food Science Department, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Siwik A, Pensini E, Rodriguez BM, Marangoni AG, Collier CM, Sleep B. Effect of rheology and humic acids on the transport of environmental fluids: Potential implications for soil remediation revealed through microfluidics. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Siwik
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Alejandro G. Marangoni
- Food Science DepartmentUniversity of Guelph 50 Stone Road East, Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | - Brent Sleep
- Civil Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Toronto 35 St George Street, Toronto ON M5S 1A4 Canada
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25
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Safieh P, Pensini E, Marangoni A, Lamont K, Ghazani SM, Callaghan-Patrachar N, Strüder-Kypke M, Peyronel F, Chen J, Rodriguez BM. Natural emulsion gels and lecithin-based sorbents: A potential treatment method for organic spills on surface waters. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Del Rosso M, Brodie CH, Ramalingam S, Cabral DM, Pensini E, Singh A, Collier CM. Characterisation of graphene electrodes for microsystems and microfluidic devices. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5773. [PMID: 30962471 PMCID: PMC6453975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of microsystems is traditionally achieved with photolithography. However, this fabrication technique can be expensive and non-ideal for integration with microfluidic systems. As such, graphene fabrication is explored as an alternative. This graphene fabrication can be achieved with graphite oxide undergoing optical exposure, using optical disc drives, to impose specified patterns and convert to graphene. This work characterises such a graphene fabrication, and provides fabrication, electrical, microfluidic, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterisations. In the fabrication characterisation, a comparison is performed between traditional photolithography fabrication and the new graphene fabrication. (Graphene fabrication details are also provided.) Here, the minimum achievable feature size is identified and graphene fabrication is found to compare favourably with traditional photolithography fabrication. In the electrical characterisation, the resistivity of graphene is measured as a function of fabrication dose in the optical disc drive and saturation effects are noted. In the microfluidic characterisation, the wetting properties of graphene are shown through an investigation of the contact angle of a microdroplet positioned on a surface that is treated with varying fabrication dose. In the SEM characterisation, the observed effects in the previous characterisations are attributed to chemical or physical effects through measurement of SEM energy dispersive X-ray spectra and SEM images, respectively. Overall, graphene fabrication is revealed to be a viable option for development of microsystems and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Del Rosso
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C Harrison Brodie
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Saipriya Ramalingam
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Cabral
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erica Pensini
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Collier
- Applied Optics and Microsystems Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Pensini E, Rodriguez BM, Marangoni AG, Collier CM, Elsayed A, Siwik A. Shear rheological properties of composite fluids and stability of particle suspensions: Potential implications for fracturing and environmental fluids. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pensini
- University of GuelphSchool of Engineering 50 Stone Road EastGuelph, ONN1G 2W1 Canada
| | | | | | | | - Abdallah Elsayed
- University of GuelphSchool of Engineering 50 Stone Road EastGuelph, ONN1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amanda Siwik
- University of GuelphSchool of Engineering 50 Stone Road EastGuelph, ONN1G 2W1 Canada
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Pensini E, Tchoukov P, Yang F, Xu Z. Effect of humic acids on bitumen films at the oil-water interface and on emulsion stability: Potential implications for groundwater remediation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang F, Tchoukov P, Qiao P, Ma X, Pensini E, Dabros T, Czarnecki J, Xu Z. Studying demulsification mechanisms of water-in-crude oil emulsions using a modified thin liquid film technique. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wadhwa K, Hennissen J, Shetty S, Pensini E, Frissen M, Leen S, Kwakkenbos G, Geijselaers C. Influence of substitution of various functional groups on inhibition efficiency of TEMPO analogues on styrene polymerization. J Polym Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Pensini E, Vleugels L, Frissen M, Wadhwa K, Lier RV, Kwakkenbos G. A novel perspective on emulsion stabilization in steam crackers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang X, Pensini E, Liang Y, Xu Z, Chandra MS, Andersen SI, Abdallah W, Buiting JJ. Fatty acid-asphaltene interactions at oil/water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bi J, Yang F, Harbottle D, Pensini E, Tchoukov P, Simon S, Sjöblom J, Dabros T, Czarnecki J, Liu Q, Xu Z. Interfacial Layer Properties of a Polyaromatic Compound and its Role in Stabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsions. Langmuir 2015; 31:10382-10391. [PMID: 26325243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical properties of interfacial layers formed at the xylene-water interface by the adsorption of a polyaromatic organic compound, N-(1-hexylheptyl)-N'-(5-carbonylicpentyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (in brief, C5Pe), were studied systematically. The deprotonation of the carboxylic group of C5Pe at alkaline pH made it highly interfacially active, significantly reducing the xylene-water interfacial tension. Thin liquid film experiments showed a continuous buildup of heterogeneous C5Pe interfacial layers at the xylene-water interfaces, which contributed to the formation of stable W/O emulsions. Continual accumulation and rearrangement of C5Pe aggregates at the xylene-water interface to form a thick layer was confirmed by in situ Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The rheology measurement of the interfacial layer by double-wall ring interfacial rheometry under oscillatory shear showed that the interfacial layers formed from C5Pe solutions of high concentrations were substantially more elastic and rigid. The presence of elastically dominant interfacial layers of C5Pe led to the formation of stable water-in-xylene emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebin Bi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Harbottle
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds, U.K
| | - Erica Pensini
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Plamen Tchoukov
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sébastien Simon
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Sjöblom
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Sciences and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tadek Dabros
- CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Devon, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Czarnecki
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qingxia Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Li Z, Harbottle D, Pensini E, Ngai T, Richtering W, Xu Z. Fundamental Study of Emulsions Stabilized by Soft and Rigid Particles. Langmuir 2015; 31:6282-6288. [PMID: 25835257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct uniform hybrid particles, with similar hydrodynamic diameters and comparable zeta potentials, were prepared by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and styrene. These particles differed in their styrene to NIPAM (S/N) mass ratios of 1 and 8 and are referred to as S/N 1 and S/N 8, respectively. Particle S/N 1 exhibited a typical behavior of soft particles; that is, the particles shrank in bulk aqueous solutions when the temperature was increased. As a result, S/N 1 particles were interfacially active. In contrast, particle S/N 8 appeared to be rigid in response to temperature changes. In this case, the particles showed a negligible interfacial activity. Interfacial shear rheology tests revealed the increased rigidity of the particle-stabilized film formed at the heptane-water interface by S/N 1 than S/N 8 particles. As a result, S/N 1 particles were shown to be better emulsion stabilizers and emulsify a larger amount of heptane, as compared with S/N 8 particles. The current investigation confirmed a better performance of emulsion stabilization by soft particles (S/N 1) than by rigid particles (S/N 8), reinforcing the importance of controlling softness or deformability of particles for the purpose of stabilizing emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Li
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - David Harbottle
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
- ‡School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Pensini
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - To Ngai
- §Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, G59, Ma Lin Building, Science Centre South Block, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Walter Richtering
- ∥Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- †Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107 - 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
- ⊥Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Pensini E, Sleep BE, Yip CM, O’Carroll D. Forces of interactions between iron and aluminum silicates: Effect of water chemistry and polymer coatings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 411:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Pensini E, Yip CM, O’Carroll D, Sleep BE. Carboxymethyl cellulose binding to mineral substrates: Characterization by atomic force microscopy–based Force spectroscopy and quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 402:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pensini E, Sleep BE, Yip CM, O'Carroll D. Forces of interactions between bare and polymer-coated iron and silica: effect of pH, ionic strength, and humic acids. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:13401-13408. [PMID: 23163600 DOI: 10.1021/es3036779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between a silica substrate and iron particles were investigated using atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy (AFM). The micrometer- and nanosized iron particles employed were either bare or coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a polymer utilized to stabilize iron particle suspensions. The effect of water chemistry on the forces of interaction was probed by varying ionic strength (with 100 mM NaCl and 100 mM CaCl₂) or pH (4, 5.5, and 8) or by introducing 10 mg/L of humic acids (HA). When particles were uncoated, the forces upon approach between silica and iron were attractive at pH 4 and 5.5 and in 100 mM CaCl₂ at pH 8, but they were negligible in 100 mM NaCl buffered to pH 8 and repulsive in water buffered to pH 8 and in HA solutions. HA produced electrosteric repulsion between iron particles and silica, likely due to its sorption to iron particles. HA sorption to silica was excluded on the basis of experiments conducted with a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Repulsion with CMC-coated iron was attributed to electrosteric forces, which were damped at high ionic strength. An extended DLVO model and a modified version of Ohshima's theory were successfully utilized to model AFM data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pensini
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
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Pensini E, Yip CM, O'Carroll DM, Sleep BE. Effect of water chemistry and aging on iron-mica interaction forces: implications for iron particle transport. Langmuir 2012; 28:10453-10463. [PMID: 22716956 DOI: 10.1021/la301539q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The transport of particles through groundwater systems is governed by a complex interplay of mechanical and chemical forces that are ultimately responsible for binding to geological substrates. To understand these forces in the context of zero valent iron particles used in the remediation of groundwater, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy was employed to characterize the interactions between AFM tips modified with either carbonyl iron particles (CIP) or electrodeposited Fe as a function of counterion valency, temperature, particle morphology, and age. The measured interaction forces were always attractive for both fresh and aged CIP and electrodeposited iron, except in 100 mM NaCl, as a consequence of electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged mica and positively charged iron. In 100 mM NaCl, repulsive hydration forces appeared to dominate. Good agreement was found between the experimental data and predictions based on the extended DLVO (XDLVO) theory. The effect of aging on iron particle composition and morphology was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealing that the aged particles comprising a zero valent iron core passivated by a mixture of iron oxides and hydroxides. Force spectroscopy showed that aging caused variations in the adhesive force due to the changes in particle morphology and contact area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pensini
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto (ON) M5S 1A4, Canada
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