1
|
Glenn GM, Tonoli GHD, Silva LE, Klamczynski AP, Wood D, Chiou BS, Lee C, Hart-Cooper W, McCaffrey Z, Orts W. Effect of Starch and Paperboard Reinforcing Structures on Insulative Fiber Foam Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:911. [PMID: 38611169 PMCID: PMC11013104 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-use plastic foams are used extensively as interior packaging to insulate and protect items during shipment but have come under increasing scrutiny due to the volume sent to landfills and their negative impact on the environment. Insulative compression molded cellulose fiber foams could be a viable alternative, but they do not have the mechanical strength of plastic foams. To address this issue, a novel approach was used that combined the insulative properties of cellulose fiber foams, a binder (starch), and three different reinforcing paperboard elements (angular, cylindrical, and grid) to make low-density foam composites with excellent mechanical strength. Compression molded foams and composites had a consistent thickness and a smooth, flat finish. Respirometry tests showed the fiber foams mineralized in the range of 37 to 49% over a 46 d testing period. All of the samples had relatively low density (Dd) and thermal conductivity (TC). The Dd of samples ranged from 33.1 to 64.9 kg/m3, and TC ranged from 0.039 to 0.049 W/mk. The addition of starch to the fiber foam (FF+S) and composites not only increased Dd, drying time (Td), and TC by an average of 18%, 55%, and 5.5%, respectively, but also dramatically increased the mechanical strength. The FF+S foam and paperboard composites had 240% and 350% higher average flexural strength (σfM) and modulus (Ef), respectively, than the FF-S composites. The FF-S grid composite and all the FF+S foam and composite samples had equal or higher σfM than EPS foam. Additionally, FF+S foam and paperboard composites had 187% and 354% higher average compression strength (CS) and modulus (Ec), respectively, than the FF-S foam and composites. All the paperboard composites for both FF+S and FF-S samples had comparable or higher CS, but only the FF+S cylinder and grid samples had greater toughness (Ωc) than EPS foam. Fiber foams and foam composites are compatible with existing paper recycling streams and show promise as a biodegradable, insulative alternative to EPS foam internal packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Glenn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - Gustavo H. D. Tonoli
- Forest Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil; (G.H.D.T.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Luiz E. Silva
- Forest Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil; (G.H.D.T.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Artur P. Klamczynski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - Delilah Wood
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - Bor-Sen Chiou
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - Charles Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - William Hart-Cooper
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - Zach McCaffrey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| | - William Orts
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Bioproducts Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (A.P.K.); (D.W.); (B.-S.C.); (C.L.); (W.H.-C.); (Z.M.); (W.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Escamilla-Lara KA, Lopez-Tellez J, Rodriguez JA. Adsorbents obtained from recycled polymeric materials for retention of different pollutants: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139159. [PMID: 37290512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric waste is an environmental problem, with an annual world production of approximately 368 million metric tons, and increasing every year. Therefore, different strategies for polymer waste treatment have been developed, and the most common are (1) redesign, (2) reusing and (3) recycling. The latter strategy represents a useful option to generate new materials. This work reviews the emerging trends in the development of adsorbent materials obtained from polymer wastes. Adsorbents are used in filtration systems or in extraction techniques for the removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds from air, biological and water samples. The methods used to obtain different adsorbents are detailed, as well as the interaction mechanisms with the compounds of interest (contaminants). The adsorbents obtained are an alternative to recycle polymeric and they are competitive with other materials applied in the removal and extraction of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Escamilla-Lara
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tellez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Area Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de La Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Wang H, Zhao X, Yang K, Meng Q, Zhang L. Fabrication of Unidirectional Water Permeable PS/PET Composite Nanofibers Modified with Silver Nanoparticles via Electrospinning. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:257. [PMID: 36984644 PMCID: PMC10051693 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the composite nanofiber membranes (AgNPs-PS/PET) composed of hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) embedded with different additions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and hydrophilic hydrolyzed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were prepared via electrospinning technology to achieve the function of unidirectional water penetration. The addition of AgNO3 was at 0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% as the variables. The surface morphology and structure of AgNPs-PS/PET composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM image showed that the fibers of the composite materials were continuous and uniform as a result of electrospinning. The presence and content of Ag nanoparticles dispersed in the nanofibers were investigated using EDS and TEM. The contact angle (CA) was tested to illustrate the wettability of the composite nanofiber membranes using a static contact angle measuring instrument and the process of unidirectional water penetration was recorded. Meanwhile, the mechanism of unidirectional water penetration was analyzed. Moreover, the electrospinning solution's viscosity and conductivity were also investigated. Eventually, the optimal addition of AgNO3 (1.0 wt%) was confirmed and the prepared AgNPs-PS/PET composite nanofiber membranes were able to achieve the function of unidirectional water penetration. These membranes have the potential to be applied in smart textiles, unidirectional water collection and wound dressing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Center for Engineering Training, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- China Offshore Oil Engineering Company, Tianjin 300461, China
| | - Kaihua Yang
- AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co., Ltd., Harbin 150060, China
| | - Qinhua Meng
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Longwang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sriprom W, Sirivallop A, Choodum A, Limsakul W, Wongniramaikul W. Plastic/Natural Fiber Composite Based on Recycled Expanded Polystyrene Foam Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2241. [PMID: 35683913 PMCID: PMC9182670 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reinforced recycled expanded polystyrene (r-EPS) foam/natural fiber composite was successfully developed. EPS was recycled by means of the dissolution method using an accessible commercial mixed organic solvent, while natural fibers, i.e., coconut husk fiber (coir) and banana stem fiber (BSF) were used as reinforcement materials. The treatment of natural fibers with 5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution reduces the number of -OH groups and non-cellulose components in the fibers, more so with longer treatments. The natural fibers treated for 6 h showed rough surfaces that provided good adhesion and interlocking with the polymer matrix for mechanical reinforcement. The tensile strength and impact strength of r-EPS foam composites with treated fibers were higher than for non-filled r-EPS foam, whereas their flexural strengths were lower. Thus, this study has demonstrated an alternative way to produce recycled polymer/natural fiber composites via the dissolution method, with promising enhanced mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilasinee Sriprom
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Phuket Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Kathu, Phuket 83120, Thailand; (A.S.); (A.C.); (W.L.); (W.W.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Peng Y, Deng Y, Ye F, Zhang C, Hu X, Liu Y, Zhang D. Recycling and Reutilizing Polymer Waste via Electrospun Micro/Nanofibers: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1663. [PMID: 35630885 PMCID: PMC9146546 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of plastic waste resulting from the increasing demand for non-degradable plastics has led to a global environmental crisis. The severe environmental and economic drawbacks of inefficient, expensive, and impractical traditional waste disposal methods, such as landfills, incineration, plastic recycling, and energy production, limit the expansion of their applications to solving the plastic waste problem. Finding novel ways to manage the large amount of disposed plastic waste is urgent. Until now, one of the most valuable strategies for the handling of plastic waste has been to reutilize the waste as raw material for the preparation of functional and high-value products. Electrospun micro/nanofibers have drawn much attention in recent years due to their advantages of small diameter, large specific area, and excellent physicochemical features. Thus, electrospinning recycled plastic waste into micro/nanofibers creates diverse opportunities to deal with the environmental issue caused by the growing accumulation of plastic waste. This paper presents a review of recycling and reutilizing polymer waste via electrospinning. Firstly, the advantages of the electrospinning approach to recycling plastic waste are summarized. Then, the studies of electrospun recycled plastic waste are concluded. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of electrospun recycled plastic waste are provided. In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospun recycled plastic waste for researchers to develop further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yujie Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yichen Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Fangping Ye
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Chupeng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Daode Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.D.); (F.Y.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Circulatory Management of Polymer Waste: Recycling into Fine Fibers and Their Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164694. [PMID: 34443216 PMCID: PMC8401388 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without polymeric materials. However, managing the waste composed of these materials is one of the most significant environmental issues confronting us in the present day. Recycling polymeric waste is the most important action currently available to reduce environmental impacts worldwide and is one of the most dynamic areas in industry today. Utilizing this waste could not only benefit the environment but also promote sustainable development and circular economy management. In its program statement, the European Union has committed to support the use of sorted polymeric waste. This study reviews recent attempts to recycle this waste and convert it by alternative technologies into fine, nano-, and microscale fibers using electrospinning, blowing, melt, or centrifugal spinning. This review provides information regarding applying reprocessed fine fibers in various areas and a concrete approach to mitigate the threat of pollution caused by polymeric materials.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gong X, Kalantari M, Aslanzadeh S, Boluk Y. Interfacial interactions and electrospinning of cellulose nanocrystals dispersions in polymer solutions: a review. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1847137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahsa Kalantari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Aslanzadeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Cho D. Effects of Waste Expanded Polypropylene as Recycled Matrix on the Flexural, Impact, and Heat Deflection Temperature Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112578. [PMID: 33147857 PMCID: PMC7693595 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste Expanded polypropylene (EPP) was utilized as recycled matrix for kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites produced using chopped kenaf fibers and crushed EPP waste. The flexural properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of kenaf fiber/PP composites were highly enhanced by using waste EPP, compared to those by using virgin PP. The flexural modulus and strength of the composites with waste EPP were 98% and 55% higher than those with virgin PP at the same kenaf contents, respectively. The Izod impact strength and HDT were 31% and 12% higher with waste EPP than with virgin PP, respectively. The present study indicates that waste EPP would be feasible as recycled matrix for replacing conventional PP matrix in natural fiber composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghwan Cho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-478-7688; Fax: +82-54-478-7710
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo J, Ji Z. Superhydrophilic ZSM-5 zeolite-coated membrane for enhancing water coalescence in water-in-oil emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Rajak A, Hapidin DA, Iskandar F, Munir MM, Khairurrijal K. Electrospun nanofiber from various source of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste and their characterization as potential air filter media. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:76-86. [PMID: 31865038 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reported on the fabrication of nanofibrous membranes from various sources of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste using electrospinning technique and their application as air filter media. The filter membranes were made from four EPS waste sources, i.e. food packaging, EPS craft, instant noodle cup, and electronic packaging. The properties of the membranes fabricated from those sources were compared to obtain the best EPS waste source for air filter application. To make the precursor solutions, those samples were dissolved in d-limonene:DMF with the concentration of 15, 20, and 25 wt%. The solid EPS density, solution viscosity, and surface tension were measured. The fiber diameter and morphology of nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for each EPS variation. The fabricated membrane properties (crystallinity, wettability, and mechanical strength) and filtration properties (pressure drop, PM2.5 filtration efficiency, and quality factor) were fully characterized and analyzed. Homogeneous fiber diameter with various morphologies (beaded, wrinkled, and smooth fiber) were obtained from all samples with hydrophobic to super-hydrophobic surface (water contact angle ranging from 106 to 153°). Also, the EPS solid density affected the solution viscosity with the expression of η = 0.132 ρ0.29, which then affected the fabricated membrane packing density, porosity, and mechanical properties. Overall, the experimental results showed that all EPS nanofiber filters had great potential as an air filter media. The EPS filter made from food packaging waste with the solution concentration of 15 wt% exhibited the highest efficiency and quality factor of 99.99% and 0.15 Pa-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rajak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ahmad Hapidin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Miftahul Munir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rajak A, Hapidin DA, Iskandar F, Munir MM, Khairurrijal K. Controlled morphology of electrospun nanofibers from waste expanded polystyrene for aerosol filtration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:425602. [PMID: 31261143 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2e3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the recycling of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste to be repurposed as EPS nanofibrous mats for air filtration applications. The EPS nanofibrous mats were prepared via electrospinning technique. The EPS solutions for producing the mats were made by dissolving the EPS waste in dimethylformamide (DMF) and d-limonene solvents. The mixing ratio of DMF and d-limonene solvents were varied to obtain EPS solutions with different surface tension and viscosity. As a result, different fiber morphology (smooth fiber, wrinkled fiber, and beaded fiber) and diameter ranging from 314 nm to 3506 nm were obtained. The synthesized EPS nanofibrous mats were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical strength, porosity, and water contact angle measurement apparatus. The mechanical strength measurement exhibited that the beaded fiber had the highest tensile strength and the lowest elasticity compared to wrinkled and smooth fiber. The water contact angle measurement showed that the EPS nanofibrous mats were classified as ultra-hydrophobic, which was a good criterion for air filter media. Some filtration parameters of the EPS nanofibrous mats were measured, including particle collecting efficiency, pressured drop, and quality factor. The particle collecting efficiency of each EPS nanofibrous mats was measured using monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) particles and PM2.5 from burning incense as the test particles. The EPS nanofibrous mats had a high collecting efficiency (up to 99.99%) and had a low pressure drop (below 70 Pa) for the face velocity of 5.4 cm s-1. The quality factor of the EPS nanofibrous mats reached 0.10 for PSL filtration and 0.16 for PM2.5 filtration. Overall, the EPS nanofibrous mats with controlled morphology were suitable to be used as air filtration media with high mechanical strength, ultra-hydrophobic surface, and high quality factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rajak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gadhave AD, Mehdizadeh SN, Chase GG. Effect of pore size and wettability of multilayered coalescing filters on water-in-ULSD coalescence. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
The Preparation of Transparent Organic Field Effect Transistor Using a Novel EDOT Functional Styrene Copolymer Insulator With a PEDOT:PSS Gate Electrode. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Composite Fibers from Recycled Plastics Using Melt Centrifugal Spinning. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10091044. [PMID: 28878187 PMCID: PMC5615699 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New methods are being developed to enable the production of value-added materials from high-volume, low-cost feedstocks arising from domestic recycling streams. In this work, recycled bottle-grade polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polypropylene were spun into fibers from the melt using a centrifugal spinning technique. Mono-component fibers and 50/50 blends of each polymer and a 33/33/33 blend of all three polymers were evaluated. Fiber morphology, chemistry, thermal, and mechanical properties were probed. Fiber diameters ranged from ca. 1 to over 12 µm, with polypropylene fibers having the smallest fiber diameters. Mono-component fibers were generally defect-free, while composite fibers containing polypropylene were beady. Fibers made from polyethylene terephthalate had the highest tensile strength, and the addition of polyethylene terephthalate to the other polymers improved the mechanical properties of the blends. Nano- and micro-fibers from both pure and mixed waste streams are expected to have applications in myriad areas such as ultra/micro-filtration, composites, and insulation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Megahed AA, Zoalfakar SH, Hassan AEA, Ali AA. A novel polystyrene/epoxy ultra-fine hybrid fabric by electrospinning. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Megahed
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Zagazig University; P.O. Box 44519 Zagazig Egypt
| | - Said H. Zoalfakar
- Mechanical Engineering Department; The Higher Technological Institute (HTI); Tenth of Ramadan Egypt
| | - Abdalla E. A. Hassan
- Applied Nucleic Acids Research Center and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Ali
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Zagazig University; P.O. Box 44519 Zagazig Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rajgarhia SS, Jana SC, Chase GG. Separation of Water from Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Using Novel Polymer Nanofiber-Coated Glass Fiber Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21683-90. [PMID: 27486993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanofibers with interpenetrating network (IPN) morphology are used in this work for the development of composite, hydrophobic filter media in conjunction with glass fibers for removal of water droplets from ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD). The nanofibers are produced from hydrophobic polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by spinning the polymer solutions using gas jet fiber (GJF) method. The nanofibers coat the individual glass fibers due to polar-polar interactions during the spinning process and render the filter media highly hydrophobic with a water contact angle approaching 150°. The efficiency of the resultant filter media is evaluated in terms of separation of water droplets of average size 20 μm from the suspensions in ULSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti S Rajgarhia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sadhan C Jana
- Department of Polymer Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - George G Chase
- Department of Polymer Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manzo GM, Wu Y, Chase GG, Goux A. Comparison of nonwoven glass and stainless steel microfiber media in aerosol coalescence filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Recycled PET Nanofibers for Water Filtration Applications. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9040247. [PMID: 28773380 PMCID: PMC5502899 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water shortage is an immediate and serious threat to our world population. Inexpensive and scalable methods to clean freshwater and wastewater are in high demand. Nanofiber filtration membranes represent a next generation nonwoven filter media due to their unique properties. Polyethlyene terephthalate (PET) is often used in the packaging of water and other commonly used materials, leading to a large amount of plastic waste often with limited incentive for recycling (few value-added uses). Here, we present work in the generation of nanofiber liquid filtration membranes from PET plastic bottles and demonstrate their use in microfiltration. PET nanofiber membranes were formed via solution electrospinning with fiber diameters as low as ca. 100 nm. Filtration efficiency was tested with latex beads with sizes ranging from 30 to 2000 nm. Greater than 99% of the beads as small as 500 nm were removed using gravity filtration. To reduce biofouling, the mats were functionalized with quaternary ammonium and biguanide biocides. The biguanide functionalized mats achieved 6 log reduction for both gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zander NE, Sweetser D, Cole DP, Gillan M. Formation of Nanofibers from Pure and Mixed Waste Streams Using Electrospinning. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Zander
- Weapons
and Materials Research Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Daniel Sweetser
- Weapons
and Materials Research Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Daniel P. Cole
- Vehicle
Technology Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Margaret Gillan
- Weapons
and Materials Research Directorate, United States Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Celebioglu A, Uyar T. Electrospinning of nanofibers from non-polymeric systems: Electrospun nanofibers from native cyclodextrins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 404:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
21
|
The influence of salt and solvent concentrations on electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber diameters and bead formation. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Madani M, Sharifi-Sanjani N, Hasan-Kaviar A, Choghazardi M, Faridi-Majidi R, Hamouda AS. PS/TiO2(polystyrene/titanium dioxide) composite nanofibers with higher surface-to-volume ratio prepared by electrospinning: Morphology and thermal properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naser Sharifi-Sanjani
- School of Chemistry; University College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
| | - Ahmad Hasan-Kaviar
- School of Chemistry; University College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
| | | | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guibo Y, Qing Z, Yahong Z, Yin Y, Yumin Y. The electrospun polyamide 6 nanofiber membranes used as high efficiency filter materials: Filtration potential, thermal treatment, and their continuous production. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Borsoi C, Scienza LC, Zattera AJ. Characterization of composites based on recycled expanded polystyrene reinforced with curaua fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Sun M, Ding B, Yu J. Sensitive metal ion sensors based on fibrous polystyrene membranes modified by polyethyleneimine. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00673h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
27
|
Nitanan T, Opanasopit P, Akkaramongkolporn P, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T, Supaphol P. Effects of processing parameters on morphology of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
28
|
Poletto M, Dettenborn J, Zeni M, Zattera AJ. Characterization of composites based on expanded polystyrene wastes and wood flour. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:779-784. [PMID: 21172732 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the potential for the use of recycled expanded polystyrene and wood flour as materials for the development of wood plastic composites. The effects of wood flour loading and coupling agent addition on the mechanical properties and morphology of wood thermoplastic composites were examined. In addition, a methodology for the thermo-mechanical recycling of expanded polystyrene waste was developed. The results show that the mechanical properties decreased as the wood flour loading increased. On the other hand, the use of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), SMA, as a coupling agent improved the compatibility between the wood flour and polystyrene matrix and the mechanical properties subsequently improved. A morphological study revealed the positive effect of the coupling agent on the interfacial bonding. The density values obtained for the composites were compared with the theoretical values and showed agreement with the rule of mixtures. Based on the findings of this work, it appears that both recycled materials can be used to manufacture composites with high mechanical properties and low density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Poletto
- Laboratory of Polymers (LPOL), Center of Exact Sciences and Technology (CCET), Caxias do Sul University (UCS), CEP 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun M, Li X, Ding B, Yu J, Sun G. Mechanical and wettable behavior of polyacrylonitrile reinforced fibrous polystyrene mats. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 347:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Shan D, Qian B, Ding SN, Zhu W, Cosnier S, Xue HG. Enhanced Solid-State Electrochemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Incorporated into Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5892-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100435z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Bo Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Huai-Guo Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, and Départment de Chimie Moléculaire UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Uyar T, Besenbacher F. Electrospinning of uniform polystyrene fibers: The effect of solvent conductivity. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|