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Frühwirt P, Knoechl A, Pillinger M, Müller SM, Wasdin PT, Fischer RC, Radebner J, Torvisco A, Moszner N, Kelterer AM, Griesser T, Gescheidt G, Haas M. The Chemistry of Acylgermanes: Triacylgermenolates Represent Valuable Building Blocks for the Synthesis of a Variety of Germanium-Based Photoinitiators. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15204-15217. [PMID: 32993291 PMCID: PMC7581296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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The formation of
a stable triacylgermenolate 2 as
a decisive intermediate was achieved by using three pathways. The
first two methods involve the reaction of KOtBu or
alternatively potassium with tetraacylgermane 1 yielding 2 via one electron transfer. The mechanism involves the formation
of radical anions (shown by EPR). This reaction is highly efficient
and selective. The third method is a classical salt metathesis reaction
toward 2 in nearly quantitative yield. The formation
of 2 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, UV–vis
measurements, and X-ray crystallography. Germenolate 2 serves as a starting point for a wide variety of organo-germanium
compounds. We demonstrate the potential of this intermediate by introducing
new types of Ge-based photoinitiators 4b–4f. The UV–vis absorption spectra of 4b–4f show considerably increased band intensities
due to the presence of eight or more chromophores. Moreover, compounds 4d–4f show absorption tailing up to 525
nm. The performance of these photoinitiators is demonstrated by spectroscopy
(time-resolved EPR, laser flash photolysis (LFP), photobleaching (UV–vis))
and photopolymerization experiments (photo-DSC measurements). Triacylgermenolate 2 was
obtained by using
KOtBu or alternatively potassium. The mechanism involves
the formation of radical anions (shown by EPR). The one-pot synthetic
protocol produces 2 in >95% yield, as confirmed by
NMR
spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Germenolate 2 serves as a starting point for a wide variety of organo-germanium
compounds. This was demonstrated by introducing new types of Ge-based
photoinitiators 4b−4f. Their performance
was analyzed by sophisticated spectroscopic methods and photopolymerization
experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefanie M Müller
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstraße 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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2
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Zeng W, Lai H, Chen T, Lu Y, Liang Z, Shi T, Chen K, Liu P, Xie F, Chen J, Xu J, Chen Q, Xie W. Size and crystallinity control of dispersed VO2 particles for modulation of metal–insulator transition temperature and hysteresis. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth mechanism of VO2 particles with size dependent crystallinity: a solid-state dewetting and pyrolysis synergistic effect. Crystallinity, strain and defects optimize and modulate the MIT behavior of VO2 particles.
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3
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RETRACTED ARTICLE:Theoretical study of the fragmentation of ionized benzophenone. J Mol Model 2018; 24:272. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Doronina EP, Sidorkin VF, Belogolova EF, Jouikov V. Hypervalent benzophenones. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Santhanaraj D, Suresh C, Selvamani A, Shanthi K. A detail kinetic study on vapour phase oxidation of diphenylmethane over mesoporous V-KIT-6 catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Dewetting kinetics of metallic liquid films: Competition between unbalanced Young’s force and dissolutive reaction. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Grolman D, Bandyopadhyay D, Al-Enizi A, Elzatahry A, Karim A. Dual Imprinted Polymer Thin Films via Pattern Directed Self-Organization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:20928-20937. [PMID: 28562002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic topographically patterned films and coatings are typically contoured on one side, yet many of nature's surfaces have distinct textures on different surfaces of the same object. Common examples are the top and bottom sides of the butterfly wing or lotus leaf, onion shells, and the inside versus outside of the stem of a flower. Inspired by nature, we create dual (top and bottom) channel patterned polymer films. To this end, we first develop a novel fabrication method to create ceramic line channel relief structures by converting the oligomeric residue of stamped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) nanopatterns on silicon substrates to glass (SiOx, silica) by ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) exposure. These silica patterned substrates are flow coated with polystyrene (PS) films and confined within an identically patterned top confining soft PDMS elastomer film. Annealing of the sandwich structures drives the PS to rapidly mold fill the top PDMS pattern in conjunction with a dewetting tendency of the PS on the silica pattern. Varying the film thickness h, from less than to greater than the pattern height, and varying the relative angle between the top-down and bottom-up patterned confinement surfaces create interesting uniform and nonuniform digitized defects in PS channel patterns, as also a defect-free channel regime. Our dual patterned polymer channels provide a novel fabrication route to topographically imprinted Moiré patterns (whose applications range from security encrypting holograms to sensitive strain gauges), and their basic laser light diffractions properties are illustrated and compared to graphical simulations and 2D-FFT of real-space AFM channel patterns. While traditional "geometrical" and "fringe" Moiré patterns function by superposition of two misaligned optical patterned transmittance gratings, our topographic pattern gratings are quite distinct and may allow for more unique holographic optical characteristics with further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Grolman
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Diya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Abdullah Al-Enizi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University , PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University , PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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8
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Carroll GT, Turro NJ, Mammana A, Koberstein JT. Photochemical Immobilization of Polymers on a Surface: Controlling Film Thickness and Wettability. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1165-1169. [PMID: 28295380 DOI: 10.1111/php.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we demonstrate the control of film thickness and surface wettability in the photochemical immobilization of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing a phthalimide chromophore. Surface attachment is characterized by ellipsometry and contact angle measurements. The wettability of the resulting films is shown to depend on the chemical composition of the polymer. The film thickness is shown to depend on the irradiation time and molecular weight of the polymer. Using a photomask, micropatterns of polymers can be grafted to the SAM. The photopatterned surface can be "developed" by coating with a thin layer of a mixture containing poly (styrene) (PS) and triphenylsulfonium triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas J Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Angela Mammana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH
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9
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Carroll GT, Lancaster JR, Turro NJ, Koberstein JT, Mammana A. Electroless Deposition of Nickel on Photografted Polymeric Microscale Patterns. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [PMID: 27873447 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report demonstrates the electroless deposition of Ni onto micropatterns of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) photografted to phthalimide-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). PAA is spin-coated onto phthalimide SAMs and covered with a photomask. UV irradiation selectively binds PAA to exposed regions of the surface, allowing PAA on unexposed regions to be rinsed off. A Pd catalyst is then selectively adsorbed to regions of the surface where PAA is bound. The adsorbed catalyst selectively initiates Ni plating upon immersion of the substrate into a Ni(SO4 ) bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Koberstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Angela Mammana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
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10
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Effects of copolymer composition, film thickness, and solvent vapor annealing time on dewetting of ultrathin block copolymer films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 478:236-45. [PMID: 27309943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of copolymer composition, film thickness, and solvent vapor annealing time on dewetting of spin-coated polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films (<20nm thick) were mainly investigated by atomic force microscopy. Surface chemical analysis of the ultrathin films annealed for different times were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. With the annealing of acetone vapor, dewetting of the films with different thicknesses occur via the spinodal dewetting and the nucleation and growth mechanisms, respectively. The PS-b-PMMA films rupture into droplets which first coalesce into large ones to reduce the surface free energy. Then the large droplets rupture into small ones to increase the contact area between PMMA blocks and acetone molecules resulting from ultimate migration of PMMA blocks to droplet surface, which is a novel dewetting process observed in spin-coated films for the first time.
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11
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Marazzi M, Mai S, Roca-Sanjuán D, Delcey MG, Lindh R, González L, Monari A. Benzophenone Ultrafast Triplet Population: Revisiting the Kinetic Model by Surface-Hopping Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:622-6. [PMID: 26821061 PMCID: PMC4761974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of benzophenone, a paradigmatic organic molecule for photosensitization, was investigated by means of surface-hopping ab initio molecular dynamics. Different mechanisms were found to be relevant within the first 600 fs after excitation; the long-debated direct (S1 → T1) and indirect (S1 → T2 → T1) mechanisms for population of the low-lying triplet state are both possible, with the latter being prevalent. Moreover, we established the existence of a kinetic equilibrium between the two triplet states, never observed before. This fact implies that a significant fraction of the overall population resides in T2, eventually allowing one to revisit the usual spectroscopic assignment proposed by transient absorption spectroscopy. This finding is of particular interest for photocatalysis as well as for DNA damages studies because both T1 and T2 channels are, in principle, available for benzophenone-mediated photoinduced energy transfer toward DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, Université de Lorraine − Nancy, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, CNRS, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- E-mail: (M.M.)
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Vienna, Währinger
Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 València, Spain
| | - Mickaël G. Delcey
- Department of Chemistry−Ångstrom Laboratory and Uppsala Center of Computational
Chemistry - UC3, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry−Ångstrom Laboratory and Uppsala Center of Computational
Chemistry - UC3, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, University of
Vienna, Währinger
Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Monari
- Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, Université de Lorraine − Nancy, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, CNRS, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- E-mail: (A.M.)
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12
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Palacios-Cuesta M, Cortajarena AL, García O, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Patterning of individual Staphylococcus aureus bacteria onto photogenerated polymeric surface structures. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the fabrication of bacterial surface arrays by using photolithographic techniques having in addition some particularly interesting features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palacios-Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry and Properties of Polymers
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros
- (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia) & CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit “Unidad de Nanobiotecnología”
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Olga García
- Department of Chemistry and Properties of Polymers
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros
- (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry and Properties of Polymers
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros
- (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006-Madrid
- Spain
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13
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Katzenstein JM, Kim CB, Prisco NA, Katsumata R, Li Z, Janes DW, Blachut G, Ellison CJ. A Photochemical Approach to Directing Flow and Stabilizing Topography in Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5010698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Katzenstein
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathan A. Prisco
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Reika Katsumata
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Dustin W. Janes
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gregory Blachut
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton
Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Singh V, Lin PT, Patel N, Lin H, Li L, Zou Y, Deng F, Ni C, Hu J, Giammarco J, Soliani AP, Zdyrko B, Luzinov I, Novak S, Novak J, Wachtel P, Danto S, Musgraves JD, Richardson K, Kimerling LC, Agarwal AM. Mid-infrared materials and devices on a Si platform for optical sensing. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2014; 15:014603. [PMID: 27877641 PMCID: PMC5090602 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/1/014603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review our recent work on mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonic materials and devices fabricated on silicon for on-chip sensing applications. Pedestal waveguides based on silicon are demonstrated as broadband mid-IR sensors. Our low-loss mid-IR directional couplers demonstrated in SiN x waveguides are useful in differential sensing applications. Photonic crystal cavities and microdisk resonators based on chalcogenide glasses for high sensitivity are also demonstrated as effective mid-IR sensors. Polymer-based functionalization layers, to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of our sensor devices, are also presented. We discuss the design of mid-IR chalcogenide waveguides integrated with polycrystalline PbTe detectors on a monolithic silicon platform for optical sensing, wherein the use of a low-index spacer layer enables the evanescent coupling of mid-IR light from the waveguides to the detector. Finally, we show the successful fabrication processing of our first prototype mid-IR waveguide-integrated detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pao Tai Lin
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil Patel
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hongtao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Chaoying Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - James Giammarco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Anna Paola Soliani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Bogdan Zdyrko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Spencer Novak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jackie Novak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Peter Wachtel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sylvain Danto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - J David Musgraves
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kathleen Richardson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Lionel C Kimerling
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anuradha M Agarwal
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Mueller JO, Guimard NK, Oehlenschlaeger KK, Schmidt FG, Barner-Kowollik C. Sunlight-induced crosslinking of 1,2-polybutadienes: access to fluorescent polymer networks. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01381b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Palacios-Cuesta M, Cortajarena AL, García O, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Versatile Functional Microstructured Polystyrene-Based Platforms for Protein Patterning and Recognition. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3147-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400771y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palacios-Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry and
Properties of Polymers, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain and CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia
Associated Unit “Unidad de Nanobiotecnología”
| | - Olga García
- Department of Chemistry and
Properties of Polymers, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry and
Properties of Polymers, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva
3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Palacios M, García O, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Constructing robust and functional micropatterns on polystyrene surfaces by using deep UV irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2756-2763. [PMID: 23363393 DOI: 10.1021/la304931x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of different surface patterns based on the photo-cross-linking/degradation kinetics of polystyrene (PS) by using UV light. Upon exposure to UV light, PS can be initially cross-linked, whereas an excess of the exposure time or intensity provokes the degradation of the material. Typically photolithography employs either positive or negative photoresist layers that upon removal of either the exposed or the nonexposed areas transfer the pattern of the mask. Herein, we present a system that can be both negative and positive depending on several aspects, including the irradiation time, intensity, or presence of absorbing active species (photoinitiators) using a general setup. As a result of the optimization of the time of exposure and the use of an appropriate cover or the incorporation of an appropriate amount of photoinitiator (in this particular case IRG 651), different tailor-made surface patterns can be obtained. Moreover, changes of the chemical composition of the polystyrene using, for instance, block copolymers can lead to surface patterns with variable functional groups. In this study we describe the formation of surface patterns using polystyrene-block-poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) block copolymers. The introduction of fluorinated moieties clearly modifies the wettability of the films when compared with that of the same structures obtained with PS. As a consequence we present herein a patterning methodology that can simultaneously vary not only the morphology but also the surface chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palacios
- Department of Chemistry and Properties of Polymers, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Verma A, Sharma A. Sub-40 nm polymer dot arrays by self-organized dewetting of electron beam treated ultrathin polymer films. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00956k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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19
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Giammarco J, Zdyrko B, Petit L, Musgraves JD, Hu J, Agarwal A, Kimerling L, Richardson K, Luzinov I. Towards universal enrichment nanocoating for IR-ATR waveguides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9104-6. [PMID: 21734984 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12780b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer multilayered nanocoating capable of concentrating various chemical substances at IR-ATR waveguide surfaces is described. The coating affinity to an analyte played a pivotal role in sensitivity enhancement of the IR-ATR measurements, since the unmodified waveguide did not show any analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Giammarco
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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