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Cimato A, Facorro G, Repetto M, Martínez Sarrasague M. New technique to quantify phospolipids in disordered phase in lung surfactant by electron spin resonance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 316:104116. [PMID: 37460078 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In pulmonary surfactant (PS) the coexistence of the ordered (Lo) and disordered (Ld) lipid phases would be essential for an optimal activity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) of PS labeled with 5-doxil stearic acid shows two spectral components called S and W. S/W ratio could be understood as the ratio between the probe population in Lo and in Ld. Although the specificity of S/W as an indicator of Lo/Ld has not yet been demonstrated, S/W has been used qualitatively to study changes in Lo/Ld. The goal of this paper is to stablish the correlation between S/W parameter and the amount of lipids in Ld (%Ld) measured by the ESR TEMPO technique described in our previous work. S/W and %Ld were measured in different PS samples under different experimental conditions. The results showed an inverse correlation between S/W and %Ld (r = -0.983; p < 0.001). We demonstrated that the S/W is sensible to the changes of Lo/Ld and can be used to quantify the %Ld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cimato
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Graciela Facorro
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Repetto
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Martínez Sarrasague
- Cátedra de Física, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pioselli B, Salomone F, Mazzola G, Amidani D, Sgarbi E, Amadei F, Murgia X, Catinella S, Villetti G, De Luca D, Carnielli V, Civelli M. Pulmonary surfactant: a unique biomaterial with life-saving therapeutic applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:526-590. [PMID: 34525915 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210825110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein mixture secreted into the alveolar lumen by type 2 pneumocytes, which is composed by tens of different lipids (approximately 90% of its entire mass) and surfactant proteins (approximately 10% of the mass). It is crucially involved in maintaining lung homeostasis by reducing the values of alveolar liquid surface tension close to zero at end-expiration, thereby avoiding the alveolar collapse, and assembling a chemical and physical barrier against inhaled pathogens. A deficient amount of surfactant or its functional inactivation is directly linked to a wide range of lung pathologies, including the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. This paper reviews the main biophysical concepts of surfactant activity and its inactivation mechanisms, and describes the past, present and future roles of surfactant replacement therapy, focusing on the exogenous surfactant preparations marketed worldwide and new formulations under development. The closing section describes the pulmonary surfactant in the context of drug delivery. Thanks to its peculiar composition, biocompatibility, and alveolar spreading capability, the surfactant may work not only as a shuttle to the branched anatomy of the lung for other drugs but also as a modulator for their release, opening to innovative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of several respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Sgarbi
- Preclinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma. Italy
| | | | - Xabi Murgia
- Department of Biotechnology, GAIKER Technology Centre, Zamudio. Spain
| | | | | | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, Antoine Béclère Medical Center, APHP, South Paris University Hospitals, Paris, France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-U999, South Paris-Saclay University, Paris. France
| | - Virgilio Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, G Salesi Women and Children's Hospital, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona. Italy
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Anderson CF, Grimmett ME, Domalewski CJ, Cui H. Inhalable nanotherapeutics to improve treatment efficacy for common lung diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1586. [PMID: 31602823 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory illnesses are prevalent around the world, and inhalation-based therapies provide an attractive, noninvasive means of directly delivering therapeutic agents to their site of action to improve treatment efficacy and limit adverse systemic side effects. Recent trends in medicine and nanoscience have prompted the development of inhalable nanomedicines to further enhance effectiveness, patient compliance, and quality of life for people suffering from lung cancer, chronic pulmonary diseases, and tuberculosis. Herein, we discuss recent advancements in the development of inhalable nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems and analyze several representative systems to illustrate their key design principles that can translate to improved therapeutic efficacy for prevalent respiratory diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb F Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria E Grimmett
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J Domalewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Nahak P, Nag K, Hillier A, Devraj R, Thompson DW, Manna K, Makino K, Ohshima H, Nakahara H, Shibata O, Panda AK. Effect of serum, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein on the functionality and structure of lung surfactant films. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:1333-49. [PMID: 25409691 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant is a complex mixture of lipid and protein, responsible for alveolar stability, becomes dysfunctional due to alteration of its structure and function by leaked serum materials in disease. Serum proteins, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied with bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) using Langmuir films, and bilayer dispersions using Raman spectroscopy. While small amount of cholesterol (10 wt%) and LDL did not significantly affect the adsorption and surface tension lowering properties of BLES. However serum lipids, whole serum as well as higher amounts of cholesterol, and LDL dramatically altered the surface properties of BLES films, as well as gel-fluid structures formed in such films observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman-spectroscopic studies revealed that serum proteins, LDL and excess cholesterol had fluidizing effects on BLES bilayers dispersion, monitored from the changes in hydrocarbon vibrational modes during gel-fluid thermal phase transitions. This study clearly suggests that patho-physiological amounts of serum lipids (and not proteins) significantly alter the molecular arrangement of surfactant in films and bilayers, and can be used to model lung disease.
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Devraj R, Nag K, Nahak P, Manna K, Fritzen-Garcia M, Thompson DW, Makino K, Ohshima H, Nakahara H, Shibata O, Panda AK. Impairing effect of fibrinogen on the mono-/bi-layer form of bovine lung surfactant. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Seehase M, Collins JJP, Kuypers E, Jellema RK, Ophelders DRMG, Ospina OL, Perez-Gil J, Bianco F, Garzia R, Razzetti R, Kramer BW. New surfactant with SP-B and C analogs gives survival benefit after inactivation in preterm lambs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47631. [PMID: 23091635 PMCID: PMC3473048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies is caused by a pulmonary surfactant deficiency, but also by its inactivation due to various conditions, including plasma protein leakage. Surfactant replacement therapy is well established, but clinical observations and in vitro experiments suggested that its efficacy may be impaired by inactivation. A new synthetic surfactant (CHF 5633), containing synthetic surfactant protein B and C analogs, has shown comparable effects on oxygenation in ventilated preterm rabbits versus Poractant alfa, but superior resistance against inactivation in vitro. We hypothesized that CHF 5633 is also resistant to inactivation by serum albumin in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Nineteen preterm lambs of 127 days gestational age (term = 150 days) received CHF 5633 or Poractant alfa and were ventilated for 48 hours. Ninety minutes after birth, the animals received albumin with CHF 5633 or Poractant alfa. Animals received additional surfactant if P(a)O(2) dropped below 100 mmHg. A pressure volume curve was done post mortem and markers of pulmonary inflammation, surfactant content and biophysiology, and lung histology were assessed. CHF 5633 treatment resulted in improved arterial pH, oxygenation and ventilation efficiency index. The survival rate was significantly higher after CHF 5633 treatment (5/7) than after Poractant alfa (1/8) after 48 hours of ventilation. Biophysical examination of the surfactant recovered from bronchoalveolar lavages revealed that films formed by CHF 5633-treated animals reached low surface tensions in a wider range of compression rates than films from Poractant alfa-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS For the first time a synthetic surfactant containing both surfactant protein B and C analogs showed significant benefit over animal derived surfactant in an in vivo model of surfactant inactivation in premature lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Seehase
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J. P. Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Kuypers
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reint K. Jellema
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olga L. Ospina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J. Perez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Bianco
- Research and Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Garzia
- Research and Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Razzetti
- Research and Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy
| | - Boris W. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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López-Rodríguez E, Ospina OL, Echaide M, Taeusch HW, Pérez-Gil J. Exposure to polymers reverses inhibition of pulmonary surfactant by serum, meconium, or cholesterol in the captive bubble surfactometer. Biophys J 2012; 103:1451-9. [PMID: 23062337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant in the lungs is associated with respiratory pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or meconium aspiration syndrome. Serum, cholesterol, and meconium have been described as inhibitory agents of surfactant's interfacial activity once these substances appear in alveolar spaces during lung injury and inflammation. The deleterious action of these agents has been only partly evaluated under physiologically relevant conditions. We have optimized a protocol to assess surfactant inhibition by serum, cholesterol, or meconium in the captive bubble surfactometer. Specific measures of surface activity before and after native surfactant was exposed to inhibitors included i), film formation, ii), readsorption of material from surface-associated reservoirs, and iii), interfacial film dynamics during compression-expansion cycling. Results show that serum creates a steric barrier that impedes surfactant reaching the interface. A mechanical perturbation of this barrier allows native surfactant to compete efficiently with serum to form a highly surface-active film. Exposure of native surfactant to cholesterol or meconium, on the other hand, modifies the compressibility of surfactant films though optimal compressibility properties recover on repetitive compression-expansion cycling. Addition of polymers like dextran or hyaluronic acid to surfactant fully reverses inhibition by serum. These polymers also prevent surfactant inhibition by cholesterol or meconium, suggesting that the protective action of polymers goes beyond the mere enhancement of interfacial adsorption as described by depletion force theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Effect of serum proteins on an exogenous pulmonary surfactant: ESR analysis of structural changes and their relation with surfactant activity. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 183:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Casals C, Cañadas O. Role of lipid ordered/disordered phase coexistence in pulmonary surfactant function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2550-62. [PMID: 22659676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium has evolved to produce a complicated network of extracellular membranes that are essential for breathing and, ultimately, survival. Surfactant membranes form a stable monolayer at the air-liquid interface with bilayer structures attached to it. By reducing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface, surfactant stabilizes the lung against collapse and facilitates inflation. The special composition of surfactant membranes results in the coexistence of two distinct micrometer-sized ordered/disordered phases maintained up to physiological temperatures. Phase coexistence might facilitate monolayer folding to form three-dimensional structures during exhalation and hence allow the film to attain minimal surface tension. These folded structures may act as a membrane reserve and attenuate the increase in membrane tension during inspiration. The present review summarizes what is known of ordered/disordered lipid phase coexistence in lung surfactant, paying attention to the possible role played by domain boundaries in the monolayer-to-multilayer transition, and the correlations of biophysical inactivation of pulmonary surfactant with alterations in phase coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casals
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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