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Nerath G, Oliveira DA, Siqueira JR, Caseli L. Using Carbon Nanotubes to Improve Enzyme Activity and Electroactivity of Fatty Acid Langmuir-Blodgett Film-Incorporated Galactose Oxidase for Sensing and Energy Storage Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38334123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating enzymes into nanostructured supercapacitor devices represents a groundbreaking advancement in energy storage. Enzyme catalysis using nanomaterials enhances performance, efficiency, and stability by facilitating precise charge transfer, while the nanostructure provides a high surface area and improved conductivity. This synergy yields eco-friendly, high-performance energy storage solutions crucial for diverse applications, from portable electronics to renewable energy systems. In this study, we harnessed the versatility of Langmuir-Blodgett films to create meticulously organized thin films with specific enzyme properties, coupled with carbon nanotubes, to develop biosupercapacitors. Langmuir monolayers were constructed with stearic acid, carbon nanotubes, and galactose oxidase. Following comprehensive characterization using tensiometric, rheological, morphological, and spectroscopic techniques, the monolayers were transferred to solid supports, yielding Langmuir-Blodgett films. These films exhibited superior performance, with persisting enzyme activity. However, increasing film thickness did not enhance enzymatic activity values, indicating a surface-driven process. Subsequently, we explored the electrochemical properties of the films, revealing stability compatible with supercapacitor applications. The introduction of carbon nanotubes demonstrated a higher capacitance, indicating the potential viability of the films for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Nerath
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials (LMH), Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Nanomaterials and Nanostructures (LANNA), Institute of Exact Sciences, Natural and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38064-200, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José R Siqueira
- Laboratory of Applied Nanomaterials and Nanostructures (LANNA), Institute of Exact Sciences, Natural and Education, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38064-200, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials (LMH), Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Villanueva ME, Salinas SR, Vico RV, Bianco ID. Surface characterization and interfacial activity of chitinase chi18-5 against chitosan in langmuir monolayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113337. [PMID: 37167692 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges for producing active chitinase formulations relies on the gap between the laboratory tests and the biological scenarios where the enzyme will perform its function. In this work, we have employed different Langmuir monolayer arrays to evaluate the interfacial behavior of a recently purified recombinant chitinase, Chi18-5. We have demonstrated that two conformations exist for the chitinase at pH values close to its pI, showing very distinct structural properties at the air/aqueous interface. Enzyme activity was assessed by implementing different kinetic approaches and using a chitosan-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) mixed film as organized substrate model membrane. Combining these strategies, we demonstrated that better catalytic efficiencies can be obtained for Chi18-5 at pH 5. Moreover, the chitinase activity at the air/aqueous interface can be tuned by introducing in situ pH modifications over the surrounding milieu. We also studied the changes in the topography at the mesoscale level using Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM). We found that Chi18-5 segregated onto the chitosan domains of the membrane, showing differences in homogeneity depending on the pH imposed. Alternatively, pure Chi18-5 was tested for immobilization onto a hydrophilic activated solid support using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses showed successfully stabilization and preservation of molecular features attributed to the pH at which the enzyme deposition was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Villanueva
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S R Salinas
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R V Vico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC-UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - I D Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, La Rioja, Argentina.
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3
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Chalmpes N, Patila M, Kouloumpis A, Alatzoglou C, Spyrou K, Subrati M, Polydera AC, Bourlinos AB, Stamatis H, Gournis D. Graphene Oxide-Cytochrome c Multilayered Structures for Biocatalytic Applications: Decrypting the Role of Surfactant in Langmuir-Schaefer Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26204-26215. [PMID: 35608556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional single-layer carbon allotrope, has attracted tremendous scientific interest due to its outstanding physicochemical properties. Its monatomic thickness, high specific surface area, and chemical stability render it an ideal building block for the development of well-ordered layered nanostructures with tailored properties. Herein, biohybrid graphene-based layer-by-layer structures are prepared by means of conventional and surfactant-assisted Langmuir-Schaefer layer deposition techniques, whereby cytochrome c molecules are accommodated within ordered layers of graphene oxide. The biocatalytic activity of the as-developed nanobio-architectures toward the enzymatic oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and decolorization of pinacyanol chloride is tested. The results show that the multilayer structures exhibit high biocatalytic activity and stability in the absence of surfactant molecules during the deposition of the monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Alatzoglou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mohammed Subrati
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C Polydera
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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da Silva RLCG, Sharma SK, Paudyal S, Mintz KJ, Leblanc RM, Caseli L. Surface Chemistry Studies on the Formation of Mixed Stearic Acid/Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7771-7779. [PMID: 34125555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the physicochemical properties of mixed stearic acid (HSt)/phenylalanine dehydrogenase enzyme (PheDH) Langmuir films and their immobilization onto solid supports as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. PheDH from the aqueous subphase enters the surfactant matrix up to an exclusion surface pressure of 25.3 mN/m, leading to the formation of stable and highly condensed mixed Langmuir monolayers. Hydrophobic interactions between the enzyme and HSt nonpolar groups tuned the secondary structure of PheDH, evidenced by the presence of β-sheet structures as demonstrated by infrared and circular dichroism spectra. The floating monolayers were successfully transferred to solid quartz supports, yielding Y-type LB films, and then characterized employing fluorescence, circular dichroism, and microscopic techniques, which indicated that PheDH was co-immobilized with HSt proportionally to the number of transferred layers. The enzyme fluidized the HSt monolayers, reducing their maximum dipoles when condensed to their maximum, and disorganized the alkyl chains of the fatty acid, as detected with infrared spectroscopy. The stability of the mixed floating monolayers enabled their transfer to solid supports as LB films, which is important for producing optical and electrochemical sensors for phenylalanine whose molecular architecture can be controlled with precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo 09920-540, Brazil
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Enzyme activity of thiophene-fluorene based-copolymer blended with urease in thin films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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da Rocha Rodrigues R, Caseli L, Péres LO. Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene)- co-(3-hexylthiophene)] for Immobilization of Phytase: Possible Application as a Phytic Acid Sensor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10587-10596. [PMID: 32786889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the copolymer poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-co-(3-hexylthiophene)] was employed as a matrix for immobilizing phytase, aiming at the detection of phytic acid. The copolymer was spread on the air-water interface forming Langmuir monolayers and phytase adsorbed from the aqueous subphase. The interactions between the copolymer and the enzyme components were investigated with surface pressure and surface potential-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The enzyme could be incorporated in the monolayers from the aqueous subphase, expanding the copolymer films and maintaining its secondary structure. The polymeric films presented a morphological heterogeneous pattern at the air-water interface because of the ability of their chains to fold and entangle, causing inherent defects in the organization as well as unbalanced lateral distribution at the air-water interface because of the formation of aggregates. The interfacial films were transferred to solid supports as Langmuir-Blodgett films and characterized by PM-IRRAS and scanning electronic microscopy, which showed not only the co-transfer of the enzyme but also the maintenance of their heterogeneous morphological pattern. The enzymatic activity of the blended film was analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy and allowed the estimation of the value of the Michaelis constant (13.08 mM), demonstrating the feasibility of the system to selectively detect phytic acid for biosensing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca da Rocha Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 210 São Nicolau Street, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 210 São Nicolau Street, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Oliveira Péres
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 210 São Nicolau Street, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paudyal S, Sharma SK, da Silva RL, Mintz KJ, Liyanage PY, Al-Youbi AO, Bashammakh AS, El-Shahawi MS, Leblanc RM. Tyrosinase enzyme Langmuir monolayer: Surface chemistry and spectroscopic study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Surface chemistry and spectroscopic studies of the native phenylalanine dehydrogenase Langmuir monolayer at the air/aqueous NaCl interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 560:458-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Uricase grafted nanoconducting matrix based electrochemical biosensor for ultrafast uric acid detection in human serum samples. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:333-341. [PMID: 30797811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide (Au-rGO) nanocomposite thin films with enhanced electro-active characteristics were prepared and covalently immobilized with uricase (UOx) enzyme for sensitive and selective detection of uric acid (UA). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies revealed rapid response of fabricated electrode towards UA at low potential (0.228 V) in a wide concentration range of 50-800 μM with a sensitivity of 86.62 ± 0.19 μA mM-1 and very low detection limit of 7.32 ± 0.21 μM. The obtained Michaelis-Menten constant (km) value of 51.75 μM signifies high enzyme kinetics at electrode surface with UA. The developed biosensor was successfully applied to detect UA in human serum samples. Interferences due to components present in the real matrix were evaluated and UA determination in mixed sample was also performed. The fabricated UOx/Au-rGO/ITO biosensor demonstrated high reproducibility and a shelf-life of 6 months indicating the promising future of Au-rGO nanocomposite as an efficient transducer matrix for biosensing applications. The fast response time (1.0 ± 0.6 s) and improved sensor performance is attributed to the synergistic electronic properties of Au-nanoparticles and rGO that provided enhanced electron transfer and high electro-active species surface coverage at Au-rGO nanocomposite.
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Rodrigues RT, Morais PV, Nordi CSF, Schöning MJ, Siqueira JR, Caseli L. Carbon Nanotubes and Algal Polysaccharides To Enhance the Enzymatic Properties of Urease in Lipid Langmuir-Blodgett Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3082-3093. [PMID: 29397738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Algal polysaccharides (extracellular polysaccharides) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were adsorbed on dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide Langmuir monolayers to serve as a matrix for the incorporation of urease. The physicochemical properties of the supramolecular system as a monolayer at the air-water interface were investigated by surface pressure-area isotherms, surface potential-area isotherms, interfacial shear rheology, vibrational spectroscopy, and Brewster angle microscopy. The floating monolayers were transferred to hydrophilic solid supports, quartz, mica, or capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) devices, through the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, forming mixed films, which were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance, fluorescence spectroscopy, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. The enzyme activity was studied with UV-vis spectroscopy, and the feasibility of the thin film as a urea sensor was essayed in an EIS sensor device. The presence of CNT in the enzyme-lipid LB film not only tuned the catalytic activity of urease but also helped to conserve its enzyme activity. Viability as a urease sensor was demonstrated with capacitance-voltage and constant capacitance measurements, exhibiting regular and distinctive output signals over all concentrations used in this work. These results are related to the synergism between the compounds on the active layer, leading to a surface morphology that allowed fast analyte diffusion owing to an adequate molecular accommodation, which also preserved the urease activity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of employing LB films composed of lipids, CNT, algal polysaccharides, and enzymes as EIS devices for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul T Rodrigues
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , 09913-030 Diadema , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Paulo V Morais
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Natural and Education , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) , 38064-200 Uberaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramics, Chemistry Institute , São Paulo State University , 14800-900 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristina S F Nordi
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , 09913-030 Diadema , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) , FH Aachen, Campus Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - José R Siqueira
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Natural and Education , Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) , 38064-200 Uberaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , 09913-030 Diadema , São Paulo , Brazil
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CASELI LUCIANO. Enzymes immobilized in Langmuir-Blodgett films: Why determining the surface properties in Langmuir monolayer is important? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:631-644. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Electrocatalytic Detection of Uric Acid on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Modified Electrode and Its Application. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ulu A, Ates B. Immobilization of l-Asparaginase on Carrier Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1598-1610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Burhan Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Arts, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
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Rodriguez-Mendez ML, García-Hernandez C, Medina-Plaza C, García-Cabezón C, de Saja JA. Multisensor systems based on phthalocyanines for monitoring the quality of grapes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of phthalocyanine-based sensors with complementary activity have been used to develop voltammetric electronic tongues. Such systems have demonstrated to be useful in enology for the evaluation of quality of wines in different production stages, from grapes to bottles. In this paper, the state of the art of multisensor systems based on phthalocyanines dedicated to the analysis of musts (juices obtained from crushed grapes) is described. Such multisensor systems cover different types of sensors from simple Carbon Paste Electrodes, to sophiticated nanostructured sensors, including Langmuir–Blodgett or Layer by Layer thin films and biomimetic biosensors where phthalocyanines play a crucial role as electron mediator between enzymes and electrodes. In all cases, multisensor systems based on phthalocyanines have been able to discriminate musts prepared from different varieties of grapes. The performance of these systems can be improved by combining non-specific sensors with biosensors containing enzymes selective to phenols. In this case, excellent relationships have been found between the responses provided by the array and the content in phenols and acids provided by traditional chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celia García-Hernandez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Medina-Plaza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Cabezón
- Department of Materials Science, Escuela Ingenierías Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio de Saja
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Medina-Plaza C, de Saja JA, Fernández-Escudero JA, Barajas E, Medrano G, Rodriguez-Mendez ML. Array of biosensors for discrimination of grapes according to grape variety, vintage and ripeness. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 947:16-22. [PMID: 27846985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioelectronic tongue based on nanostructured biosensors specific for the simultaneous detection of sugars and phenols has been developed. The array combined oxidases and dehydrogenases immobilized on a lipidic layer prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique where Glucose oxidase, d-Fructose dehydrogenase, Tyrosinase or Laccase were imbibed. A phthalocyanine was co-immobilized in the sensing layer and used as electron mediator. The array thus formed has been used to analyze grapes and provides global information about the samples while providing specific information about their phenolic and their sugar content. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the array of voltammetric biosensors has been successfully used to discriminate musts prepared from different varieties of grapes (Tempranillo, Garnacha, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Prieto Picudo and Mencía). Differences could be also detected between grapes of the same variety and cultivar harvested in two successive vintages (2012 and 2013). Moreover, the ripening of grapes could be monitored from veraison to maturity due to the changes in their phenolic and sugar content. Using Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) analysis, excellent correlations have been found between the responses provided by the array of biosensors and classical parameters directly related to phenols (total polyphenol index, TPI) and sugar concentration (degree Brix) measured by chemical methods with correlation coefficients close to 1 and errors close to 0. It is also worthy to notice the good correlations found with parameters associated with the pH and acidity that can be explained by taking into account the influence of the pH in the oxidation potentials of the phenols and in the enzymatic activity. This bioelectronic tongue can assess simultaneously the sugar and the phenolic content of grapes and could be used to monitor the maturity of the fruit and could be adapted easily to field analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Medina-Plaza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - J A de Saja
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - G Medrano
- Bodega Cooperativa de Cigales, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M L Rodriguez-Mendez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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16
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Conjugated polymers nanostructured as smart interfaces for controlling the catalytic properties of enzymes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 476:206-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Luminescent films have received great interest for chemo-/bio-sensing applications due to their distinct advantages over solution-based probes, such as good stability and portability, tunable shape and size, non-invasion, real-time detection, extensive suitability in gas/vapor sensing, and recycling. On the other hand, they can achieve selective and sensitive detection of chemical/biological species using special luminophores with a recognition moiety or the assembly of common luminophores and functional materials. Nowadays, the extensively used assembly techniques include drop-casting/spin-coating, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), layer-by-layer (LBL), and electrospinning. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in luminescent films with these assembly techniques and their applications in chemo-/bio-sensing. We mainly focused on the discussion of the relationship between the sensing properties of the films and their architecture. Furthermore, we discussed some critical challenges existing in this field and possible solutions that have been or are being developed to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Rocha JM, Pavinatto A, Nobre TM, Caseli L. Acylated Carrageenan Changes the Physicochemical Properties of Mixed Enzyme–Lipid Ultrathin Films and Enhances the Catalytic Properties of Sucrose Phosphorylase Nanostructured as Smart Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5359-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson M. Rocha
- Institute
of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pavinatto
- São
Carlos Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Thatyane M. Nobre
- São
Carlos Physics Institute, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Institute
of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP 04021-001, Brazil
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de Araújo FT, Caseli L. Rhodanese incorporated in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films of dimyristoylphosphatidic acid: Physical chemical properties and improvement of the enzyme activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Witkowska Nery E. Analysis of Glucose, Cholesterol and Uric Acid. ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF CLINICAL AND ALIMENTARY INTEREST WITH PAPER-BASED DEVICES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28672-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Nery EW, Kubota LT. Evaluation of enzyme immobilization methods for paper-based devices—A glucose oxidase study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:551-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tąta A, Sokołowska K, Świder J, Konieczna-Molenda A, Proniewicz E, Witek E. Study of cellulolytic enzyme immobilization on copolymers of N-vinylformamide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:494-504. [PMID: 25978017 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on finding of effective carriers suitable for the immobilization of cellulase. Copolymers of N-vinylformamide (NFV) and divinylbenzene (DVB) were synthesized by free radical crosslinking polymerization in inverse suspension. Methyl silicone oil was used as the continuous phase. Three polymeric carriers based on P(NVF-co-DVB) with varying degrees of crosslinking and spherical particles with different grain sizes were obtained. The formamide groups in these carriers were hydrolyzed to amino groups, yielding three P(VAm-co-DVB) polymers with vinylamine units. Enzyme, cellulase (Novozym® 476), was immobilized onto carriers with vinylamine (through glutaraldehyde) and vinylformamide groups (without glutaraldehyde). The efficiency of the enzyme immobilization was determined based on the enzymatic activity of the enzyme during the catalytic reaction relative to that of the native enzyme. All tested carriers were found to be effective carriers for the immobilization of cellulase. However, the catalytic activity of cellulase immobilized on the P(VAM-co-DVB0.27)/2000/350 carrier was higher than that for the native enzyme. In addition, two molecular spectroscopy methods, Fourier-transform absorption infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), were used to analyze the carriers. These studies provided complete information regarding the structure of the studied copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tąta
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sokołowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Świder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Konieczna-Molenda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Proniewicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Witek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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Bhakta SA, Evans E, Benavidez TE, Garcia CD. Protein adsorption onto nanomaterials for the development of biosensors and analytical devices: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:7-25. [PMID: 25892065 PMCID: PMC4405630 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization process, adsorption affects most immobilization routes and much attention is given into the research of this process to maximize the overall activity of the biosensor. The use of nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles and nanostructured films, offers advantageous properties that can be fine-tuned to maximize interactions with specific proteins to maximize activity, minimize structural changes, and enhance the catalytic step. In the biosensor field, protein-nanomaterial interactions are an emerging trend that span across many disciplines. This review addresses recent publications about the proteins most frequently used, their most relevant characteristics, and the conditions required to adsorb them to nanomaterials. When relevant and available, subsequent analytical figures of merits are discussed for selected biosensors. The general trend amongst the research papers allows concluding that the use of nanomaterials has already provided significant improvements in the analytical performance of many biosensors and that this research field will continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Tomás E Benavidez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos D Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and ZnO Nanorods-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Uric Acid Detection. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scholl FA, Caseli L. Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films of lipids and penicillinase: Studies on adsorption and enzymatic activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:232-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oliveira ON, Iost RM, Siqueira JR, Crespilho FN, Caseli L. Nanomaterials for diagnosis: challenges and applications in smart devices based on molecular recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14745-66. [PMID: 24968359 DOI: 10.1021/am5015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis has always been dependent on the efficient immobilization of biomolecules in solid matrices with preserved activity, but significant developments have taken place in recent years with the increasing control of molecular architecture in organized films. Of particular importance is the synergy achieved with distinct materials such as nanoparticles, antibodies, enzymes, and other nanostructures, forming structures organized on the nanoscale. In this review, emphasis will be placed on nanomaterials for biosensing based on molecular recognition, where the recognition element may be an enzyme, DNA, RNA, catalytic antibody, aptamer, and labeled biomolecule. All of these elements may be assembled in nanostructured films, whose layer-by-layer nature is essential for combining different properties in the same device. Sensing can be done with a number of optical, electrical, and electrochemical methods, which may also rely on nanostructures for enhanced performance, as is the case of reporting nanoparticles in bioelectronics devices. The successful design of such devices requires investigation of interface properties of functionalized surfaces, for which a variety of experimental and theoretical methods have been used. Because diagnosis involves the acquisition of large amounts of data, statistical and computational methods are now in widespread use, and one may envisage an integrated expert system where information from different sources may be mined to generate the diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prabhawathi V, Boobalan T, Sivakumar PM, Doble M. Antibiofilm properties of interfacially active lipase immobilized porous polycaprolactam prepared by LB technique. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96152. [PMID: 24798482 PMCID: PMC4010425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous biomaterial is the preferred implant due to the interconnectivity of the pores. Chances of infection due to biofilm are also high in these biomaterials because of the presence of pores. Although biofilm in implants contributes to 80% of human infections, there are no commercially available natural therapeutics against it. In the current study, glutaraldehyde cross linked lipase was transferred onto a activated porous polycaprolactam surface using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique, and its thermostability, slimicidal, antibacterial, biocompatibility and surface properties were studied. There was a 20% increase in the activity of the covalently crosslinked lipase when compared to its free form. This immobilized surface was thermostable and retained activity and stability until 100°C. There was a 2 and 7 times reduction in carbohydrate and 9 and 5 times reduction in biofilm protein of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively on lipase immobilized polycaprolactam (LIP) when compared to uncoated polycaprolactam (UP). The number of live bacterial colonies on LIP was four times less than on UP. Lipase acted on the cell wall of the bacteria leading to its death, which was confirmed from AFM, fluorescence microscopic images and amount of lactate dehydrogenase released. LIP allowed proliferation of more than 90% of 3T3 cells indicating that it was biocompatible. The fact that LIP exhibits antimicrobial property at the air-water interface to hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic bacteria along with lack of cytotoxicity makes it an ideal biomaterial for biofilm prevention in implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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29
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Rodrigues D, Camilo FF, Caseli L. Cellulase and alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized in Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films and their molecular-level effects upon contact with cellulose and ethanol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1855-1863. [PMID: 24471993 DOI: 10.1021/la500232w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The key challenges for producing devices based on nanostructured films with control over the molecular architecture are to preserve the catalytic activity of the immobilized biomolecules and to provide a reliable method for determining the intermolecular interactions and the accommodation of molecules at very small scales. In this work, the enzymes cellulase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were coimmobilized with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, and their biological activities were assayed by accommodating the structure formed in contact with cellulose. For this purpose, the polysaccharide was dissolved in an ionic liquid, 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl), and dropped on the top of the hybrid cellulase-ADH-DPPC LB film. The interactions between cellulose and ethanol, which are the catalytic substrates of the enzymes as well as important elements in the production of second-generation fuels, were then investigated using polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Investigation of the secondary structures of the enzymes was performed using PM-IRRAS, through which the presence of ethanol and cellulose was observed to highly affect the structures of ADH and cellulase, respectively. The detection of products formed from the catalyzed reactions as well as the changes of secondary structure of the enzymes immobilization could be carried out, which opens the possibility to produce a means for producing second-generation ethanol using nanoscale arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilmer Rodrigues
- Rua Sao Nicolau, 210, Laboratorio de Materiais Hibridos, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
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Rocha JM, Caseli L. Adsorption and enzyme activity of sucrose phosphorylase on lipid Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:497-501. [PMID: 24572493 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The production of bioelectronic devices, including biosensors, can be conducted using enzymes immobilized in ultrathin solid films, for which preserving the enzymatic catalytic activity is crucial for optimal performance. In this sense, nanostructured films that allow for control over molecular architectures are of interest. In this paper, we investigate the adsorption of sucrose phosphorylase onto Langmuir monolayers of the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidic acid, which caused the surface pressure isotherms to expand. With polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), the amide bands from the enzyme could be identified, with the C-N and C=O dipole moments lying parallel to the air-water interface. Structuring of the enzyme into an α-helix was noted, and this structure was preserved when the mixed enzyme-phospholipid monolayer was transferred in the form of a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film. The latter was demonstrated with measurements of the catalytic activity of sucrose phosphorylase, which presented the highest enzyme activity for multilayer LB film. The approach presented in this study not only allows for optimized catalytic activity toward sucrose but also permits to explain why certain film architectures exhibit superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Muniz Rocha
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Arora K, Tomar M, Gupta V. Effect of processing parameters for electrocatalytic properties of SnO2 thin film matrix for uric acid biosensor. Analyst 2014; 139:837-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aoki PHB, Alessio P, Furini LN, Constantino CJL, Neves TTAT, Paulovich FV, de Oliveira MCF, Oliveira ON. Molecularly designed layer-by-layer (LbL) films to detect catechol using information visualization methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7542-7550. [PMID: 23356548 DOI: 10.1021/la304544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The control of molecular architectures has been exploited in layer-by-layer (LbL) films deposited on Au interdigitated electrodes, thus forming an electronic tongue (e-tongue) system that reached an unprecedented high sensitivity (down to 10(-12) M) in detecting catechol. Such high sensitivity was made possible upon using units containing the enzyme tyrosinase, which interacted specifically with catechol, and by processing impedance spectroscopy data with information visualization methods. These latter methods, including the parallel coordinates technique, were also useful for identifying the major contributors to the high distinguishing ability toward catechol. Among several film architectures tested, the most efficient had a tyrosinase layer deposited atop LbL films of alternating layers of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycero-fosfo-rac-(1-glycerol) (DPPG), viz., (DODAB/DPPG)5/DODAB/Tyr. The latter represents a more suitable medium for immobilizing tyrosinase when compared to conventional polyelectrolytes. Furthermore, the distinction was more effective at low frequencies where double-layer effects on the film/liquid sample dominate the electrical response. Because the optimization of film architectures based on information visualization is completely generic, the approach presented here may be extended to designing architectures for other types of applications in addition to sensing and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H B Aoki
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Erden PE, Kılıç E. A review of enzymatic uric acid biosensors based on amperometric detection. Talanta 2013; 107:312-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Nouira W, Maaref A, Elaissari H, Vocanson F, Siadat M, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Comparative study of conductometric glucose biosensor based on gold and on magnetic nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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36
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Caseli L, Tiburcio VLB, Vargas FFR, Marangoni S, Siqueira JR. Enhanced Architecture of Lipid-Carbon Nanotubes as Langmuir–Blodgett Films to Investigate the Enzyme Activity of Phospholipases from Snake Venom. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13424-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Caseli
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo
(SP), 09972-27, Brazil
| | - Vera L. B. Tiburcio
- Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas
Gerais (MG), 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Frey F. R. Vargas
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo (SP),
13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Marangoni
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo (SP),
13083-970, Brazil
| | - José R. Siqueira
- Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas
Gerais (MG), 38025-180, Brazil
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