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Santoro O, Izzo L. Antimicrobial Polymer Surfaces Containing Quaternary Ammonium Centers (QACs): Synthesis and Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7587. [PMID: 39062830 PMCID: PMC11277267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymer surfaces provide an excellent opportunity for developing materials with inherent antimicrobial and/or biocidal activity, therefore representing an answer to the increasing demand for antimicrobial active medical devices. So far, biologists and material scientists have identified a few features of bacterial cells that can be strategically exploited to make polymers inherently antimicrobial. One of these is represented by the introduction of cationic charges that act by killing or deactivating bacteria by interaction with the negatively charged parts of their cell envelope (lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, and membrane lipids). Among the possible cationic functionalities, the antimicrobial activity of polymers with quaternary ammonium centers (QACs) has been widely used for both soluble macromolecules and non-soluble materials. Unfortunately, most information is still unknown on the biological mechanism of action of QACs, a fundamental requirement for designing polymers with higher antimicrobial efficiency and possibly very low toxicity. This mini-review focuses on surfaces based on synthetic polymers with inherently antimicrobial activity due to QACs. It will discuss their synthesis, their antimicrobial activity, and studies carried out so far on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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2
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Phytochemical-Based Nanomaterials against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: An Updated Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061392. [PMID: 36987172 PMCID: PMC10058650 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is a growing global health threat, leading to the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, have shown potential as antimicrobial agents; however, therapy with these agents has certain limitations. The use of nanotechnology combined with antibacterial phytochemicals could help achieve greater antibacterial capacity against ARB by providing improved mechanical, physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, bioavailability, morphological or release properties. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the current state of research on the use of phytochemical-based nanomaterials for the treatment against ARB, with a special focus on polymeric nanofibers and nanoparticles. The review discusses the various types of phytochemicals that have been incorporated into different nanomaterials, the methods used to synthesize these materials, and the results of studies evaluating their antimicrobial activity. The challenges and limitations of using phytochemical-based nanomaterials, as well as future directions for research in this field, are also considered here. Overall, this review highlights the potential of phytochemical-based nanomaterials as a promising strategy for the treatment against ARB, but also stresses the need for further studies to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their use in clinical settings.
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Suga K, Murakami M, Nakayama S, Watanabe K, Yamada S, Tsuji T, Nagao D. Surface Characteristics of Antibacterial Polystyrene Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Cationic Initiator and Comonomers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2202-2211. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Suga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Makina Murakami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shota Nakayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamada
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tsuji
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, 2-26-1 Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Mella M, Tagliabue A, Vaghi S, Izzo L. Evidences for charged hydrogen bonds on surfaces bearing weakly basic pendants: The case of PMMA–ran–PDMAEMA polymeric films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Tomina V, Furtat IM, Lebed AP, Kotsyuda SS, Kolev H, Kanuchova M, Behunova DM, Vaclavikova M, Melnyk IV. Diverse Pathway to Obtain Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents Based on Silica Particles Functionalized by Amino and Phenyl Groups with Cu(II) Ion Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15290-15300. [PMID: 32637802 PMCID: PMC7331045 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of environmentally friendly multitasking materials is among the urgent challenges of chemistry and ecotechnology. The current research paper describes the synthesis of amino-/silica and amino-/phenyl-/silica particles using a one-pot sol-gel technique. CHNS analysis and titration demonstrated a high content of functional groups, while scanning electron microscopy revealed their spherical form and ∼200 nm in size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data testified that hydrophobic groups reduced the number of water molecules and protonated amino groups on the surface, increasing the portion of free amino groups. The complexation with Cu(II) cations was used to analyze the sorption capacity and reactivity of the aminopropyl groups and to enhance the antimicrobial action of the samples. Antibacterial activities of suspensions of aminosilica particles and their derivative forms containing adsorbed copper(II) ions were assayed against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Meanwhile, antifungal activity was tested against fungi (Candida albicans UCM Y-690). According to zeta potential measurements, its value could be depended on the suspension concentration, and it was demonstrated that the positively charged suspension had higher antibacterial efficiency. SiO2/-C6H5/-NH2 + Cu(II) sample's water suspension (1%) showed complete growth inhibition of the bacterial culture on the solid medium. The antimicrobial activity could be due to occurrence of multiple and nonspecific interactions between the particle surfaces and the surface layers of bacteria or fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika
V. Tomina
- Chuiko
Institute of Surface Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, General Naumov str. 17, Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
| | - Iryna M. Furtat
- National
University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Skovorody str. 2, Kyiv 04070, Ukraine
| | - Anastasia P. Lebed
- National
University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Skovorody str. 2, Kyiv 04070, Ukraine
| | - Sofiya S. Kotsyuda
- Chuiko
Institute of Surface Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, General Naumov str. 17, Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
- National
University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Skovorody str. 2, Kyiv 04070, Ukraine
| | - Hristo Kolev
- Institute
of Catalysis BAS, Acad.
G. Bonchev str. 11, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kanuchova
- Technical
University of Kosice, Letna str. 9, Kosice 04200, Slovak Republi
| | | | | | - Inna V. Melnyk
- Chuiko
Institute of Surface Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, General Naumov str. 17, Kyiv 03164, Ukraine
- Institute
of Geotechnics, SAS, 45, Watsonova, Kosice 04001, Slovak Republic
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De Jesús‐Téllez MA, Sánchez‐Cerrillo DM, Quintana‐Owen P, Schubert US, Contreras‐López D, Guerrero‐Sánchez C. Kinetic Investigations of Quaternization Reactions of Poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] with Diverse Alkyl Halides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. De Jesús‐Téllez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida A.P. 73, Cordemex Mérida Yucatán 97310 Mexico
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Dulce M. Sánchez‐Cerrillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta Guanajuato Guanajuato 36050 Mexico
| | - Patricia Quintana‐Owen
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida A.P. 73, Cordemex Mérida Yucatán 97310 Mexico
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - David Contreras‐López
- Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta Guanajuato Guanajuato 36050 Mexico
| | - Carlos Guerrero‐Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 Jena 07743 Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 Jena 07743 Germany
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Malhotra K, Shankar S, Chauhan N, Rai R, Singh Y. Design, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial gels, Boc-D-Phe-γ 4-L-Phe-PEA/chitosan and Boc-L-Phe-γ 4-L-Phe-PEA/chitosan, for biomaterial-related infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110648. [PMID: 32204079 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide gels have generated interest as antibacterial materials to prevent biomaterial-related infections but these peptides are often associated with poor proteolytic stability. Efforts have been made to stabilize peptides by incorporating non-natural amino acids and/or linkages but complexation with polymers have not been explored. Therefore, we developed self-assembled peptide/chitosan gels, Boc-D-Phe-γ4-L-Phe-PEA (NH007)/chitosan and Boc-L-Phe-γ4-L-Phe-PEA (NH009)/chitosan, by complexing dipeptide NH007 or NH009 with chitosan in DMSO:acetic acid. The gels were characterized using SEM, FTIR, contact angle, and rheology data and found to exhibit excellent viscoelastic and self-healing characteristics. Complexation with chitosan led to an increase in stability against proteolytic degradation. Peptide/chitosan gels showed broad spectrum antibacterial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis at a high inoculum of 107-108 cfu/mL. NH007/chitosan gels showed 70-75% inhibition, whereas NH009/chitosan showed 78-81% inhibition and NH009/chitosan gels, in particular, showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic strain of P. aeruginosa. A unique feature of these gels is that the antibacterial activities did not decrease gradually but were sustained for up to 48 h. The mechanistic studies using SEM and HR-TEM indicated interaction of gels with bacterial membrane components, leading to cell lysis. The MTT and LDH assays indicated >90% cell viability and only 8-10% toxicity towards NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. Thus, peptide/chitosan gels developed in the present work showed improved proteolytic stability and sustained antibacterial activities and, therefore, may be used for preventing biomaterial-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Sudha Shankar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajkishor Rai
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, Delhi, India
| | - Yashveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
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8
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Synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial effect of silica-coated modified magnetic poly-(amidoamine) G5 nanoparticles on E. coli and S. aureus. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mathew RT, Cooney RP, Zujovic Z, Doyle C, Wheelwright W, de Silva K. A Sustained Release Anchored Biocide System Utilizing the Honeycomb Cellular Structure of Expanded Perlite. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1959-1971. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Sokolowski M, Bartsch C, Spiering VJ, Prévost S, Appavou MS, Schweins R, Gradzielski M. Preparation of Polymer Brush Grafted Anionic or Cationic Silica Nanoparticles: Systematic Variation of the Polymer Shell. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Sokolowski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartsch
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian J. Spiering
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut
Laue
- Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Center for Neutron Scattering JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut
Laue
- Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Cedex 9 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Mella M, Izzo L. Modulation of ionization and structural properties of weak polyelectrolytes due to 1D, 2D, and 3D confinement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 9 Como 22100 Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia; Università degli Studi di Salerno; via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano 84084 Italy
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13
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Pelíšková M, Slobodian P, Sedlařík V, Zatloukal M, Kuřitka I. Electrospun polyurethane membrane with Ag/ZnO microparticles as an antibacterial surface on polyurethane sheets. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Pelíšková
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slobodian
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Sedlařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zatloukal
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín; Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology; Tomas Bata University in Zlín; T. G. Masaryka 275 762 72 Zlín Czech Republic
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14
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Lee I, Roh J, Lee J, Song J, Jang J. Antibacterial performance of various amine functional polymers coated silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Tang Y, Xu J, Liu W, Xu L, Li H. Preparation of monodispersed core-shell microspheres with surface antibacterial property employingN-(4-vinylbenzyl)-N,N-diethylamine hydrochloride as surfmer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1074913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Mella M, Mollica L, Izzo L. Influence of charged intramolecular hydrogen bonds in weak polyelectrolytes: A Monte Carlo study of flexible and extendible polymeric chains in solution and near charged spheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia; Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; via Valleggio 9 22100 Como (I)
| | - Luca Mollica
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; via Morego, 30 I-16163 Genova Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia; Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano (I)
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Cha SH, Bae J, Lee KJ. Enhancement of adhesion between inorganic nanoparticles and polymeric matrix in nanocomposite by introducing polymeric thin film onto nanoparticles. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyonggi University; Suwon 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Dongduk Women's University; Seoul 136-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; College of Engineering, Chungnam National University; Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-764 Korea
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Song J, Jang J. Antimicrobial polymer nanostructures: synthetic route, mechanism of action and perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 203:37-50. [PMID: 24332622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protection against bacterial infections is an important research field in modern society. Antimicrobial polymers have received considerable attention as next-generation biocides because they represent an ecologically friendly approach that does not promote resistance. In the last decade, many authors have reported the development of nano-sized antimicrobial polymers with enhanced bactericidal performance by increasing the active-area of biocides. This review presents several suitable methods of synthesis of antimicrobial polymer nanomaterials with various shapes, including a nanosphere and fibrous and tubular structures. We also discuss the antimicrobial mechanisms of these polymers. In addition, antimicrobial polymer thin films, which can inhibit bacterial adhesion, are introduced briefly with examples. Our aim is to present synthetic routes and formation mechanisms of various antimicrobial polymer nanostructures.
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