1
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Mei X, Fang Q, Selvaganapathy PR. Three-dimensional oxygen concentration monitoring in hydrogels using low-cost phosphorescence lifetime imaging for tissue engineering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4759-4774. [PMID: 37791279 PMCID: PMC10545174 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen concentration measurement in 3D hydrogels is vital in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. However, standard 3D imaging systems capable of measuring oxygen concentration with adequate precision are based on advanced microscopy platforms, which are not accessible in many laboratories due to the system's complexity and the high price. In this work, we present a fast and low-cost phosphorescence lifetime imaging design for measuring the lifetime of oxygen-quenched phosphorescence emission with 0.25 µs temporal precision and sub-millimeter spatial resolution in 3D. By combining light-sheet illumination and the frequency-domain lifetime measurement using a commercial rolling-shutter CMOS camera in the structure of a conventional optical microscope, this design is highly customizable to accommodate application-specific research needs while also being low-cost as compared to advanced instruments. As a demonstration, we made a fluidic device with a gas-permeable film to create an artificial oxygen gradient in the hydrogel sample. Dye-embedded beads were distributed in the hydrogel to conduct continuous emission lifetime monitoring when nitrogen was pumped through the fluidic channel and changed oxygen distribution in the sample. The dynamics of the changes in lifetime co-related with their location in the gel of size 0.5 mm×1.5 mm×700 µm demonstrate the ability of this design to measure the oxygen concentration stably and precisely in 3D samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - P. Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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2
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Kim H, Park D, Jiang Z, Wei Y, Woong Kim J. Microfluidic macroemulsion stabilization through in situ interfacial coacervation of associative nanoplatelets and polyelectrolytes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:574-582. [PMID: 35121516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Since macroemulsions tend to break down to lower free energy, they hardly retain their initial drop state. Therefore, studies are being conducted to overcome this based on advanced interface engineering techniques, but it is still challenging. Herein we hypothesize that the stability of giant droplets can be secured without chemical bonding through the interfacial coacervation of polyelectrolyte and associative nanoplatelets. EXPERIMENTS We synthesized associative silica nanoplates (ASNPs) via polypeptide-templated silicification and consecutive wettability adjustment. To produce monodisperse macrodroplets, the inner fluid containing partially positively charged ASNPs and the outer fluid dissolving negatively charged polyacrylic acid (PAA) were coflowed through a capillary-based microfluidic channel. FINDINGS Dynamic interfacial tension and interfacial rheology measurements revealed that the migration of ASNPs and PAA from each phase to the interface led to the formation of a complex bilayered thin membrane with an enhanced interfacial modulus. In addition, we demonstrated that adjusting the surface properties of ASNPs by coupling a fluorochemical enabled the production of monodisperse fluorocarbon-in-oil-in-water double macroemulsions. These results highlighted the applicability of our microfluidics-based interfacial coacervation technology in the development of complex fluid products with visual differentiation and drug encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajeong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiting Jiang
- BASF Advanced Chemicals CO., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ying Wei
- BASF Advanced Chemicals CO., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Heshmatnezhad F, Solaimany Nazar AR, Aghaei H, Varshosaz J. Production of doxorubicin-loaded PCL nanoparticles through a flow-focusing microfluidic device: encapsulation efficacy and drug release. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10675-10682. [PMID: 34782908 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows a facile route for producing doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles using a microfluidic device with a flow-focusing platform in a single step. Indeed, the evaluation of the performance of the flow-focusing microfluidic device for the preparation of DOX-loaded PCL (DOX/PCL) nanoparticles with a uniform size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency (EE) by applying the liquid non-solvent precipitation process is very important. Accordingly, the physicochemical characteristics of the DOX/PCL nanoparticles such as their mean size, polydispersity index (PDI), and EE were investigated by studying different parameters such as the flow rate ratio (FRR) and DOX concentration. Also, the release study was carried out at two pH of 5.5 and 7.4. The mean size of DOX/PCL nanoparticles achieved was in the range of 120-320 nm with a PDI ≤ 0.29 and EE between 48% and 87%. Moreover, the release profile of DOX/PCL nanoparticles was sustained for 10 days (≤66%) at pH 7.4. This means that the production process can result in a high EE and low release of the DOX drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Halimeh Aghaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Cun D, Zhang C, Bera H, Yang M. Particle engineering principles and technologies for pharmaceutical biologics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:140-167. [PMID: 33845039 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global market of pharmaceutical biologics has expanded significantly during the last few decades. Currently, pharmaceutical biologic products constitute an indispensable part of the modern medicines. Most pharmaceutical biologic products are injections either in the forms of solutions or lyophilized powders because of their low oral bioavailability. There are certain pharmaceutical biologic entities formulated into particulate delivery systems for the administration via non-invasive routes or to achieve prolonged pharmaceutical actions to reduce the frequency of injections. It has been well documented that the design of nano- and microparticles via various particle engineering technologies could render pharmaceutical biologics with certain benefits including improved stability, enhanced intracellular uptake, prolonged pharmacological effect, enhanced bioavailability, reduced side effects, and improved patient compliance. Herein, we review the principles of the particle engineering technologies based on bottom-up approach and present the important formulation and process parameters that influence the critical quality attributes with some mathematical models. Subsequently, various nano- and microparticle engineering technologies used to formulate or process pharmaceutical biologic entities are reviewed. Lastly, an array of commercialized products of pharmaceutical biologics accomplished based on various particle engineering technologies are presented and the challenges in the development of particulate delivery systems for pharmaceutical biologics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Zhao S, Huang PH, Zhang H, Rich J, Bachman H, Ye J, Zhang W, Chen C, Xie Z, Tian Z, Kang P, Fu H, Huang TJ. Fabrication of tunable, high-molecular-weight polymeric nanoparticles via ultrafast acoustofluidic micromixing. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2453-2463. [PMID: 33978043 PMCID: PMC8213440 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight polymeric nanoparticles are critical to increasing the loading efficacy and tuning the release profile of targeted molecules for medical diagnosis, imaging, and therapeutics. Although a number of microfluidic approaches have attained reproducible nanoparticle synthesis, it is still challenging to fabricate nanoparticles from high-molecular-weight polymers in a size and structure-controlled manner. In this work, an acoustofluidic platform is developed to synthesize size-tunable, high-molecular-weight (>45 kDa) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles without polymer aggregation by exploiting the characteristics of complete and ultrafast mixing. Moreover, the acoustofluidic approach achieves two features that have not been achieved by existing microfluidic approaches: (1) multi-step (≥2) sequential nanoprecipitation in a single device, and (2) synthesis of core-shell structured PLGA-PEG/lipid nanoparticles with high molecular weights. The developed platform expands microfluidic potential in nanomaterial synthesis, where high-molecular-weight polymers, multiple reagents, or sequential nanoprecipitations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguo Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Heying Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jennifer Ye
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zhemiao Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Putong Kang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Hai Fu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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6
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Lagreca E, Onesto V, Di Natale C, La Manna S, Netti PA, Vecchione R. Recent advances in the formulation of PLGA microparticles for controlled drug delivery. Prog Biomater 2020; 9:153-174. [PMID: 33058072 PMCID: PMC7718366 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric microparticles (MPs) are recognized as very popular carriers to increase the bioavailability and bio-distribution of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Among different kinds of polymers, poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most accepted materials for this purpose, because of its biodegradability (due to the presence of ester linkages that are degraded by hydrolysis in aqueous environments) and safety (PLGA is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound). Moreover, its biodegradability depends on the number of glycolide units present in the structure, indeed, lower glycol content results in an increased degradation time and conversely a higher monomer unit number results in a decreased time. Due to this feature, it is possible to design and fabricate MPs with a programmable and time-controlled drug release. Many approaches and procedures can be used to prepare MPs. The chosen fabrication methodology influences size, stability, entrapment efficiency, and MPs release kinetics. For example, lipophilic drugs as chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin), anti-inflammatory non-steroidal (indomethacin), and nutraceuticals (curcumin) were successfully encapsulated in MPs prepared by single emulsion technique, while water-soluble compounds, such as aptamer, peptides and proteins, involved the use of double emulsion systems to provide a hydrophilic compartment and prevent molecular degradation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview about the preparation and characterization of drug-loaded PLGA MPs obtained by single, double emulsion and microfluidic techniques, and their current applications in the pharmaceutical industry.Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lagreca
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Vecchione
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biomaterials, CRIB, University Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Dos Santos EC, Belluati A, Necula D, Scherrer D, Meyer CE, Wehr RP, Lörtscher E, Palivan CG, Meier W. Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell-Sized Compartments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004804. [PMID: 33107187 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells rely upon producing enzymes at precise rates and stoichiometry for maximizing functionalities. The reasons for this optimal control are unknown, primarily because of the interconnectivity of the enzymatic cascade effects within multi-step pathways. Here, an elegant strategy for studying such behavior, by controlling segregation/combination of enzymes/metabolites in synthetic cell-sized compartments, while preserving vital cellular elements is presented. Therefore, compartments shaped into polymer GUVs are developed, producing via high-precision double-emulsion microfluidics that enable: i) tight control over the absolute and relative enzymatic contents inside the GUVs, reaching nearly 100% encapsulation and co-encapsulation efficiencies, and ii) functional reconstitution of biopores and membrane proteins in the GUVs polymeric membrane, thus supporting in situ reactions. GUVs equipped with biopores/membrane proteins and loaded with one or more enzymes are arranged in a variety of combinations that allow the study of a three-step cascade in multiple topologies. Due to the spatiotemporal control provided, optimum conditions for decreasing the accumulation of inhibitors are unveiled, and benefited from reactive intermediates to maximize the overall cascade efficiency in compartments. The non-system-specific feature of the novel strategy makes this system an ideal candidate for the development of new synthetic routes as well as for screening natural and more complex pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danut Necula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- IBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Claire E Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo P Wehr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- IBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Microfluidic-assisted production of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and cellulose acetate nanoparticles: effects of polymers, surfactants, and flow rate ratios. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Yaghoobi M, Saidi MS, Ghadami S, Kashaninejad N. An Interface-Particle Interaction Approach for Evaluation of the Co-Encapsulation Efficiency of Cells in a Flow-Focusing Droplet Generator. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20133774. [PMID: 32635674 PMCID: PMC7374427 DOI: 10.3390/s20133774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics offers significant advantages, such as high throughput and scalability, making platforms based on this technology ideal candidates for point-of-care (POC) testing and clinical diagnosis. However, the efficiency of co-encapsulation in droplets is suboptimal, limiting the applicability of such platforms for the biosensing applications. The homogeneity of the bioanalytes in the droplets is an unsolved problem. While there is extensive literature on the experimental setups and active methods used to increase the efficiency of such platforms, passive techniques have received less attention, and their fundamentals have not been fully explored. Here, we develop a novel passive technique for investigating cell encapsulation using the finite element method (FEM). The level set method was used to track the interfaces of forming droplets. The effects of walls and the droplet interfaces on relatively large cells were calculated to track them more accurately during encapsulation. The static surface tension force was used to account for the effects of the interfaces on cells. The results revealed that the pairing efficiency is highly sensitive to the standard deviation (SD) of the distance between the cells in the entrance channel. The pairing efficiency prediction error of our model differed by less than 5% from previous experiments. The proposed model can be used to evaluate the performance of droplet-based microfluidic devices to ensure higher precision for co-encapsulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yaghoobi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi St., Tehran 11155, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Said Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi St., Tehran 11155, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.S.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Sepehr Ghadami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.S.S.); (N.K.)
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10
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Concepts for efficient preparation of particulate polymer carrier systems by droplet-based microfluidics. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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On-chip controlled synthesis of polycaprolactone nanoparticles using continuous-flow microfluidic devices. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Guerrero J, Chang YW, Fragkopoulos AA, Fernandez-Nieves A. Capillary-Based Microfluidics-Coflow, Flow-Focusing, Electro-Coflow, Drops, Jets, and Instabilities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904344. [PMID: 31663270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capillary-based microfluidics is a great technique to produce monodisperse and complex emulsions and particulate suspensions. In this review, the current understanding of drop and jet formation in capillary-based microfluidic devices for two primary flow configurations, coflow and flow-focusing is summarized. The experimental and theoretical description of fluid instabilities is discussed and conditions for controlled drop breakup in different modes of drop generation are provided. Current challenges in drop breakup with low interfacial tension systems and recent progress in overcoming drop size limitations using electro-coflow are addressed. In each scenario, the physical mechanisms for drop breakup are revisited, and simple scaling arguments proposed in the literature are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Alexandros A Fragkopoulos
- Department of Dynamics of Complex Fluids, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Nieves
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Caalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Amjadi A, Hosseini MS, Ashjari T, Roghabadi FA, Ahmadi V, Jalili K. Durable Perovskite UV Sensor Based on Engineered Size-Tunable Polydimethylsiloxane Microparticles Using a Facile Capillary Microfluidic Device from a High-Viscosity Precursor. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1052-1061. [PMID: 31984261 PMCID: PMC6977031 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, size-tunable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microparticles are fabricated from a high-viscosity oil phase using a facile coflowing capillary microfluidic device and optimized aqueous phase composition. The dispersity of the microparticle size is tuned by engineering of the viscosity of the continuous phase and flow rate ratio that leads us to achieve monodisperse microparticles. Regarding the high potential of the PDMS microparticles for optical applications, efficient environmentally durable perovskite-based UV sensors are fabricated employing the designed size-tunable microparticles. Surprisingly, the UV sensors comprising CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite quantum dots as UV-sensitive nanocrystals embedded in transparent PDMS microparticles are water resistant because of the high hydrophobicity of PDMS. Remarkably, the UV sensors show a photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 75% that can be employed effortlessly as reusable leak detectors in different fluidic working systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahdieh Amjadi
- Faculty
of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
- Optoelectronic
and Nanophotonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Mahdi Salami Hosseini
- Optoelectronic
and Nanophotonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ashjari
- Optoelectronic
and Nanophotonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arabpour Roghabadi
- Optoelectronic
and Nanophotonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares
University, Tehran 14115-114, Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Optoelectronic
and Nanophotonic Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Kiyumars Jalili
- Faculty
of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
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14
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Campbell ZS, Abolhasani M. Facile synthesis of anhydrous microparticles using plug-and-play microfluidic reactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic materials synthesis techniques are an ideal approach for controlled synthesis of anhydrous microparticles. In this article, we highlight the recent developments using plug-and-play microreactors for anhydrous microparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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15
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Weisensee K. Conducting Polymeric Nanocomposites with a Three-Dimensional Co-flow Microfluidics Platform. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10060383. [PMID: 31181652 PMCID: PMC6630245 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nanoprecipitation of polymers is of great interest in biological and medicinal applications. Many approaches are available, but few generalized methods can fabricate structurally different biocompatible polymers into nanosized particles with a narrow distribution in a high-throughput manner. We simply integrate a glass slide, capillary, and metal needle into a simple microfluidics device. Herein, a detailed protocol is provided for using the glass capillary and slides to fabricate the microfluidics devices used in this work. To demonstrate the generality of our nanoprecipitation approach and platform, four (semi)natural polymers—acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX), spermine acetalated dextran (Sp-Ac-DEX), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and chitosan—were tested and benchmarked by the polymeric particle size and polydispersity. More importantly, the principal objective was to explore the influence of some key parameters on nanoparticle size due to its importance for a variety of applications. The polymer concentration, the solvent/non-solvent volume rate/ratio, and opening of the inner capillary were varied so as to obtain polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical microscopy are the main techniques used to evaluate the nanoprecipitation output. It turns out that the concentration of polymer most strongly determines the particle size and distribution, followed by the solvent/non-solvent volume rate/ratio, whereas the opening of the inner capillary shows a minor effect. The obtained NPs were smooth spheres with adjustable particle diameters and polymer-dependent surface potentials, both negative and positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yuezhou Zhang
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Korbinian Weisensee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Tang G, Xiong R, Lv D, Xu RX, Braeckmans K, Huang C, De Smedt SC. Gas-Shearing Fabrication of Multicompartmental Microspheres: A One-Step and Oil-Free Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802342. [PMID: 31065527 PMCID: PMC6498303 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multicompartmental microparticles (MCMs) have attracted considerable attention in biomedical engineering and materials sciences, as they can carry multiple materials in the separated phases of a single particle. However, the robust fabrication of monodisperse, highly compartmental MCMs at the micro- and nanoscales remains challenging. Here, a simple one-step and oil-free process, based on the gas-flow-assisted formation of microdroplets ("gas-shearing"), is established for the scalable production of monodisperse MCMs. By changing the configuration of the needle system and gas flow in the spray ejector device, the oil-free gas-shearing process easily allows the design of microparticles consisting of two, four, six, and even eight compartments with a precise control over the properties of each compartment. As oils and surfactants are not used, the gas-shearing method is highly cytocompatible. The versatile applications of such MCMs are demonstrated by producing a magnetic microrobot and a biocompatible carrier for the coculturing of cells. This research suggests that the oil-free gas-shearing strategy is a reliable, scalable, and biofriendly process for producing MCMs that may become attractive materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Tang
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
| | - Dan Lv
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230022P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- College of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and ChemicalsNanjing Forestry University (NFU)Nanjing210037P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical PharmacyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 4609000GhentBelgium
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Droplet Breakup Dynamics in Bi-Layer Bifurcating Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020057. [PMID: 30393333 PMCID: PMC6187458 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breakup of droplets at bi-layer bifurcating junction in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel has been investigated by experiments and numerical simulation. The pressure drop in bi-layer bifurcating channel was investigated and compared with single-layer bifurcating channel. Daughter droplet size variation generated in bi-layer bifurcating microchannel was analyzed. The correlation was proposed to predict the transition between breakup and non-breakup conditions of droplets in bi-layer bifurcating channel using a phase diagram. In the non-breakup regime, droplets exiting port can be switched via tuning flow resistance by controlling radius of curvature, and or channel height ratio. Compared with single-layer bifurcating junction, 3-D cutting in diagonal direction from bi-layer bifurcating junction induces asymmetric fission to form daughter droplets with distinct sizes while each size has good monodispersity. Lower pressure drop is required in the new microsystem. The understanding of the droplet fission in the novel microstructure will enable more versatile control over the emulsion formation, fission and sorting. The model system can be developed to investigate the encapsulation and release kinetics of emulsion templated particles such as drug encapsulated microcapsules as they flow through complex porous media structures, such as blood capillaries or the porous tissue structures, which feature with bifurcating junctions.
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Zhang Y, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD. Fast and Environmentally Friendly Microfluidic Technique for the Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14691-14698. [PMID: 29227109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a novel microfluidic technique for the fabrication of microspheres of synthetic polymers including poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polystyrene (PS). The polymers are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the method is based on the diminished solubility of THF in a 20% (w/v) NaCl solution which allows the formation of droplets of the polymer solution. These polymer solution droplets are generated in a microfluidic system and their desolvation is accomplished within seconds by allowing the droplets to rise by buoyancy through a NaCl solution with a concentration lower than 15%. The size and morphology of the resultant polymer microspheres have been investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Apart from the elimination of the use of highly toxic solvents as in conventional methods for manufacturing of polymer microspheres, the newly developed technique has the advantages of providing faster desolvation of the polymer solution droplets and a higher yield of microspheres compared to emulsification-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W Cattrall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Spas D Kolev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
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Nabavi SA, Vladisavljević GT, Bandulasena MV, Arjmandi-Tash O, Manović V. Prediction and control of drop formation modes in microfluidic generation of double emulsions by single-step emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:315-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Continuous synthesis of PVP stabilized biocompatible gold nanoparticles with a controlled size using a 3D glass capillary microfluidic device. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ma J, Wang Y, Liu J. Biomaterials Meet Microfluidics: From Synthesis Technologies to Biological Applications. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E255. [PMID: 30400445 PMCID: PMC6190052 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is characterized by laminar flow at micro-scale dimension, high surface to volume ratio, and markedly improved heat/mass transfer. In addition, together with advantages of large-scale integration and flexible manipulation, microfluidic technology has been rapidly developed as one of the most important platforms in the field of functional biomaterial synthesis. Compared to biomaterials assisted by conventional strategies, functional biomaterials synthesized by microfluidics are with superior properties and performances, due to their controllable morphology and composition, which have shown great advantages and potential in the field of biomedicine, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Take the significance of microfluidic engineered biomaterials into consideration; this review highlights the microfluidic synthesis technologies and biomedical applications of materials. We divide microfluidic based biomaterials into four kinds. According to the material dimensionality, it includes: 0D (particulate materials), 1D (fibrous materials), 2D (sheet materials), and 3D (construct forms of materials). In particular, micro/nano-particles and micro/nano-fibers are introduced respectively. This classification standard could include all of the microfluidic biomaterials, and we envision introducing a comprehensive and overall evaluation and presentation of microfluidic based biomaterials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Ma
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yachen Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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Abstract
Droplet microfluidics generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels. Due to its remarkable advantages, droplet microfluidics bears significant value in an extremely wide range of area. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth insight into droplet microfluidics, covering fundamental research from microfluidic chip fabrication and droplet generation to the applications of droplets in bio(chemical) analysis and materials generation. The purpose of this review is to convey the fundamentals of droplet microfluidics, a critical analysis on its current status and challenges, and opinions on its future development. We believe this review will promote communications among biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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24
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Letícia Braz A, Ahmed I. Manufacturing processes for polymeric micro and nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2017.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Lee BK, Yun Y, Park K. PLA micro- and nano-particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:176-191. [PMID: 27262925 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) has been widely used for various biomedical applications for its biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic properties. Various methods, such as emulsion, salting out, and precipitation, have been used to make better PLA micro- and nano-particle formulations. They are widely used as controlled drug delivery systems of therapeutic molecules, including proteins, genes, vaccines, and anticancer drugs. Even though PLA-based particles have challenges to overcome, such as low drug loading capacity, low encapsulation efficiency, and terminal sterilization, continuous innovations in particulate formulations will lead to development of clinically useful formulations.
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Abstract
Drug delivery as a strategy to improve the effect of therapeutic treatment is gaining tremendous interest in biomedical research. The recent advancement in microfluidic technique designed to precisely control the liquid at micro or nano liter level has shed some new lights on reshaping the ongoing drug delivery research. In this aspect, this present mini-review gives an overview on the potential applications of microfluidic technique in the area of drug delivery, which basically covers the fabrication of drug delivery carriers and the design of microfluidic-based smart systems for localized in vivo drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, US
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332-0100, US
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Nabavi SA, Vladisavljević GT, Gu S, Manović V. Semipermeable Elastic Microcapsules for Gas Capture and Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9826-9835. [PMID: 27592513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monodispersed microcapsules for gas capture and sensing were developed consisting of elastic semipermeable polymer shells of tunable size and thickness and pH-sensitive, gas selective liquid cores. The microcapsules were produced using glass capillary microfluidics and continuous on-the-fly photopolymerization. The inner fluid was 5-30 wt % K2CO3 solution with m-cresol purple, the middle fluid was a UV-curable liquid silicon rubber containing 0-2 wt % Dow Corning 749 fluid, and the outer fluid was aqueous solution containing 60-70 wt % glycerol and 0.5-2 wt % stabilizer (poly(vinyl alcohol), Tween 20, or Pluronic F-127). An analytical model was developed and validated for prediction of the morphology of the capsules under osmotic stress based on the shell properties and the osmolarity of the storage and core solutions. The minimum energy density and UV light irradiance needed to achieve complete shell polymerization were 2 J·cm(-2) and 13.8 mW·cm(-2), respectively. After UV exposure, the curing time for capsules containing 0.5 wt % Dow Corning 749 fluid in the middle phase was 30-40 min. The CO2 capture capacity of 30 wt % K2CO3 capsules was 1.6-2 mmol/g depending on the capsule size and shell thickness. A cavitation bubble was observed in the core when the internal water was abruptly removed by capillary suction, whereas a gradual evaporation of internal water led to buckling of the shell. The shell was characterized using TGA, DSC, and FTIR. The shell degradation temperature was 450-460 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Nabavi
- Combustion and CCS Centre, Cranfield University , Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sai Gu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey , Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilije Manović
- Combustion and CCS Centre, Cranfield University , Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Zorzetto L, Brambilla P, Marcello E, Bloise N, De Gregori M, Cobianchi L, Peloso A, Allegri M, Visai L, Petrini P. From micro- to nanostructured implantable device for local anesthetic delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2695-709. [PMID: 27354799 PMCID: PMC4907738 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics block the transmission of painful stimuli to the brain by acting on ion channels of nociceptor fibers, and find application in the management of acute and chronic pain. Despite the key role they play in modern medicine, their cardio and neurotoxicity (together with their short half-life) stress the need for developing implantable devices for tailored local drug release, with the aim of counterbalancing their side effects and prolonging their pharmacological activity. This review discusses the evolution of the physical forms of local anesthetic delivery systems during the past decades. Depending on the use of different biocompatible materials (degradable polyesters, thermosensitive hydrogels, and liposomes and hydrogels from natural polymers) and manufacturing processes, these systems can be classified as films or micro- or nanostructured devices. We analyze and summarize the production techniques according to this classification, focusing on their relative advantages and disadvantages. The most relevant trend reported in this work highlights the effort of moving from microstructured to nanostructured systems, with the aim of reaching a scale comparable to the biological environment. Improved intracellular penetration compared to microstructured systems, indeed, provides specific drug absorption into the targeted tissue and can lead to an enhancement of its bioavailability and retention time. Nanostructured systems are realized by the modification of existing manufacturing processes (interfacial deposition and nanoprecipitation for degradable polyester particles and high- or low-temperature homogenization for liposomes) or development of novel strategies (electrospun matrices and nanogels). The high surface-to-volume ratio that characterizes nanostructured devices often leads to a burst drug release. This drawback needs to be addressed to fully exploit the advantage of the interaction between the target tissues and the drug: possible strategies could involve specific binding between the drug and the material chosen for the device, and a multiscale approach to reach a tailored, prolonged drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zorzetto
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Brambilla
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela De Gregori
- Pain Therapy Service, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cobianchi
- General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Departments of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Departments of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, S. Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Lab of Nanotechnology, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lan W, Wang C, Guo X, Li S, Luo G. Study on the transient interfacial tension in a microfluidic droplet formation coupling interphase mass transfer process. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Che Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Dept. of Chemical Engeering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- Dept. of Chemical Engeering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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Ekanem EE, Nabavi SA, Vladisavljević GT, Gu S. Structured Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles for Drug Delivery Produced Using Flow Focusing Glass Microfluidic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23132-23143. [PMID: 26423218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(DL-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with tunable size, shape, internal structure and surface morphology were produced by counter-current flow focusing in axisymmetric (3D) glass capillary devices. The dispersed phase was composed of 0.5-2 wt % polymer solution in a volatile organic solvent (ethyl acetate or dichloromethane) and the continuous phase was 5 wt % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution. The droplets with a coefficient of variation in dripping regime below 2.5% were evaporated to form polymeric particles with uniform sizes ranging between 4 and 30 μm. The particle microstructure and surface roughness were modified by adding nanofiller (montmorillonite nanoclay) or porogen (2-methylpentane) in the dispersed phase to form less porous polymer matrix or porous particles with golf-ball-like dimpled surface, respectively. The presence of 2-4 wt % nanoclay in the host polymer significantly reduced the release rate of paracetamol and prevented the early burst release, as a result of reduced polymer porosity and tortuous path for the diffusing drug molecules. Numerical modeling results using the volume of fluid-continuum surface force model agreed well with experimental behavior and revealed trapping of nanoclay particles in the dispersed phase upstream of the orifice at low dispersed phase flow rates and for 4 wt % nanoclay content, due to vortex formation. Janus PLA/PCL (polycaprolactone) particles were produced by solvent evaporation-induced phase separation within organic phase droplets containing 3% (v/v) PLA/PCL (30/70 or 70/30) mixture in dichloromethane. A strong preferential adsorption of Rhodamine 6G dye onto PLA was utilized to identify PLA portions of the Janus particles by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Uniform hemispherical PCL particles were produced by dissolution of PLA domes with acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekanem E Ekanem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed Ali Nabavi
- School of Energy, Environment & Agrifood (SEEA), Department of Offshore, Process & Energy Engineering, Cranfield University , Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sai Gu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Ishaq U, Akram M, Iqbal Z, Rafiq M, Akrem A, Nadeem M, Shafi F, Shafiq Z, Mahmood S, Baig M. Production and characterization of novel self-assembling biosurfactants from Aspergillus flavus. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1035-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Ishaq
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - M.S. Akram
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Z. Iqbal
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre; PCSIR Labs Complex; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Rafiq
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - A. Akrem
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - M. Nadeem
- University College of Agriculture; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - F. Shafi
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Z. Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - S. Mahmood
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - M.A. Baig
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
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33
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Nabavi SA, Vladisavljević GT, Gu S, Ekanem EE. Double emulsion production in glass capillary microfluidic device: Parametric investigation of droplet generation behaviour. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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WANG Y, JING Y, HOU H, XU J, WANG Y. Extraction of lanthanides by polysulfone microcapsules containing EHPNA. II. Coaxial microfluidic method. J RARE EARTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Preparation of magnetic poly(lactic-co
-glycolic acid) microspheres featuring monodispersity and controllable particle size using a microchannel device. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nabavi SA, Gu S, Vladisavljević GT, Ekanem EE. Dynamics of double emulsion break-up in three phase glass capillary microfluidic devices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 450:279-287. [PMID: 25828435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pinch-off of a compound jet in 3D glass capillary microfluidic device, which combines co-flowing and countercurrent flow focusing geometries, was investigated using an incompressible three-phase axisymmetric Volume of Fluid-Continuum Surface Force (VOF-CSF) numerical model. The model showed good agreement with the experimental drop generation and was capable of predicting formation of core/shell droplets in dripping, narrowing jetting and widening jetting regimes. In dripping and widening jetting regimes, the presence of a vortex flow around the upstream end of the necking thread facilitates the jet break-up. No vortex flow was observed in narrowing jetting regime and pinch-off occurred due to higher velocity at the downstream end of the coaxial thread compared to that at the upstream end. In all regimes, the inner jet ruptured before the outer jet, preventing a leakage of the inner drop into the outer fluid. The necking region moves at the maximum speed in the narrowing jetting regime, due to the highest level of shear at the outer surface of the thread. However, in widening jetting regime, the neck travels the longest distance downstream before it breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Nabavi
- Offshore, Process and Energy Engineering Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sai Gu
- Offshore, Process and Energy Engineering Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Ekanem E Ekanem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles prepared by microfluidics and conventional methods. Modulated particle size and rheology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 441:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Silicon microfluidic flow focusing devices for the production of size-controlled PLGA based drug loaded microparticles. Int J Pharm 2014; 467:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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