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Li Y, Wang X, Xia J, Zhou G, Wang X, Wang D, Zhang J, Cheng J, Gao F. Flower-like Thiourea-Formaldehyde Resin Microspheres for the Adsorption of Silver Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112423. [PMID: 37299222 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Around a quarter of annual worldwide silver consumption comes from recycling. It remains a primary target for researchers to increase the silver ion adsorption capacity of the chelate resin. Herein, a series of flower-like thiourea-formaldehyde microspheres (FTFM) possessing diameters of 15-20 μm were prepared via a one-step reaction under acidic conditions, and the effects of the monomer molar ratio and reaction time on the micro-flower morphology, specific surface area, and silver ion adsorption performance were explored. The nanoflower-like microstructure showed the maximum specific surface area 18.98 ± 0.949 m2/g, which was 55.8 times higher than that of the solid microsphere control. As a result, the maximum silver ion adsorption capacity was 7.95 ± 0.396 mmol/g, which was 10.9 times higher than that of the control. Kinetic studies showed that the equilibrium adsorption amount of FT1F4M was 12.61 ± 0.016 mmol/g, which was 11.6 times higher than that of the control. Additionally, the isotherm study of the adsorption process was performed, and the maximum adsorption capacity of FT1F4M was 18.17 ± 1.28 mmol/g, which was 13.8 times that of the control according to the Langmuir adsorption model. Its high absorption efficiency, convenient preparation strategy, and low cost recommend FTFM bright for further use in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Ansteel Beijing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Guangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaomu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dingxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Rehan ZA, Zahid M, Kanwal S, Nadeem N, Hafeez A, Jamil A, Zubair Z. Optimization of carboxylated graphene oxide (C-GO) content in polymer matrix: Synthesis, characterization, and application study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136900. [PMID: 36265713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylated graphene oxide (C-GO) embedded in polysulfone (PSF) membrane composites were prepared with different wt. % (i.e., 0.2% M - 1, 0.3% M - 2, 0.4% M - 3, and 0.5% M - 4) using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method and ultrafiltration assembly was applied for the removal of dye effluents. The optimization of C-GO content into polymer matrix was found influencing factor in determining the composite membranes efficiency and application in various research fields. The membranes were characterized in terms of surface morphology (SEM), crystallinity (XRD), and functional groups identification (FTIR). The water permeability of the developed membranes was analyzed, and it is observed that increasing the content of C-GO in PSF membranes imposed a positive impact on permeation performance. M - 3 was found to be a potential candidate among all the membranes with a maximum water flux of about 183 LMH which is considerably higher as compared to the pristine PSF membrane's water flux (i.e., 27 LMH). Moreover, contact angle measurements of membranes were also checked to assess the hydrophilicity of PSF membranes. The results of contact angle also support the water permeability and efficient correlation was observed as contact angle decreases with increasing the content of C-GO. The minimum contact angle with excellent hydrophilicity was shown by the M - 3 membrane and it was found of about ±58.19° and this value is close to the M - 4 membrane having maximum C-GO content. The photocatalytic performance of the M - 3 membrane was checked under UV-254 nm using methylene blue dye and 97% dye removal was achieved within 220 min of reaction time under neutral pH conditions. The M - 3 membrane having C-GO content of 0.4% was found to be the best membrane with high pure water flux (183 LMH) and efficient dye rejection (82%) capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Hafeez
- Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Zakariya Zubair
- Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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3
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Castillo-Ortega M, Hernández-Martínez D, Santos-Sauceda I, Plascencia-Martínez DF, Alvarado-Ibarra J, Cabellos-Quiroz JL, Cornejo-Ramírez YI. Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Membranes Coated with Polypyrrole and Their Potential Application in the Recovery of Metals. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31059-31068. [PMID: 36092557 PMCID: PMC9453961 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of polypyrrole (PPy) on cellulose acetate (CA) membranes prepared by the electrospinning technique (controlled variables) in the recovery of gold complexes of aqueous solutions that are environmentally ecofriendly. CA-PPy membranes were characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, electrical conductivity, and mechanical tests. They were submerged in two aqueous solutions using two gold complexes, AuI2 - and AuBr4 -, at room temperature. The recovery percentage was evaluated for several hours using the atomic adsorption technique for both complexes. The main findings indicate that the percentage of recovery in the first hours of the test was very high (>80%). The adsorption efficiency maxima were similar for both complexes (91%). The Langmuir model suggests the formation of a monolayer on the surface. The electrical conductivity did not change over time, and the mechanical properties indicate reuse in several experiments. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis showed that the system is helpful at acidic pH, funding its minimum energy. It is shown in this study that the used CA-PPy membranes show adsorption, absorption, and reusable properties with the effective recovery of the complexes in the first hours. These membranes could substitute for materials that are not environmentally ecofriendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
M. Castillo-Ortega
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Diego Hernández-Martínez
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Irela Santos-Sauceda
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Damián F. Plascencia-Martínez
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Juana Alvarado-Ibarra
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - José L. Cabellos-Quiroz
- Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, P.O. Box. 5-088, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Yaeel I. Cornejo-Ramírez
- Departamento
de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P.
83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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4
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T M S, Arshad AB, Lin PT, Widakdo J, H K M, Austria HFM, Hu CC, Lai JY, Hung WS. A review of recent progress in polymeric electrospun nanofiber membranes in addressing safe water global issues. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9638-9663. [PMID: 35423415 PMCID: PMC8695389 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid advancement in water filtration materials, several efforts have been made to fabricate electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs). ENMs play a crucial role in different areas of water treatment due to their several advantageous properties such as high specific surface area, high interconnected porosity, controllable thickness, mechanical robustness, and wettability. In the broad field of water purification, ENMs have shown tremendous potential in terms of permeability, rejection, energy efficiency, resistance to fouling, reusability and mechanical robustness as compared to the traditional phase inversion membranes. Upon various chemical and physical modifications of ENMs, they have exhibited great potential for emerging applications in environment, energy and health sectors. This review firstly presents an overview of the limiting factors influencing the morphology of electrospun nanofibers. Secondly, it presents recent advancements in electrospinning processes, which helps to not only overcome drawbacks associated with the conventional electrospinning but also to produce nanofibers of different morphology and orientation with an increased rate of production. Thirdly, it presents a brief discussion about the recent progress of the ENMs for removal of various pollutants from aqueous system through major areas of membrane separation. Finally, this review concludes with the challenges and future directions in this vast and fast growing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrahmanya T M
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Ahmad Bin Arshad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Po Ting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Januar Widakdo
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Makari H K
- Department of Biotechnology, IDSG Government College Chikkamagaluru Karnataka 577102 India
| | - Hannah Faye M Austria
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chieh Hu
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Song Hung
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 10607 Taiwan
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5
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Yang J, Sun F, Zhao L, Xing DY, Dong W, Dong Z. High-conductivity microfiltration membranes incorporated with ionic liquids and their superior anti-fouling effectiveness. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Liu F, Wang X, Chen T, Zhang N, Wei Q, Tian J, Wang Y, Ma C, Lu Y. Hydroxyapatite/silver electrospun fibers for anti-infection and osteoinduction. J Adv Res 2019; 21:91-102. [PMID: 32071777 PMCID: PMC7015467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone implant materials cause the most common complication of bone infections in orthopedic surgery, resulting in implant failure. Antibiotic treatment of bone infections leads to problems such as bacterial resistance and reduced osteogenic capacity. In this study, dopamine (DA) was self-polymerized on the surface of Polylactic acid (PLLA)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanowire composite fibers to form an adhesive polydopamine (PDA) membrane, and a stable silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) coating layer was constructed on it by electrochemically driven Ag+ coordination and chelation through Polypyrrole (PPy) mediation, achieving steady and slow release of Ag-NPs. With optimized DA soaking time of 24 h and soaking concentration of 0.5 g·L-1, nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on PLLA/HA/PDA/PPy/Ag composite fibers and the hydrophilicity of the composite fibers was well-behaved. Besides, the composite fibers possessed good physiological stability and 100% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In addition, the composite fibers had promoted apatite nucleation and growth on surface and good cytocompatibility with osteoblasts, indicating ability of inducing osteogenic differentiation. In summary, a multi-functional PLLA/HA/PDA/PPy/Ag composite fiber with long-term antibacterial property, bioactivity and osteoinductivity was successfully constructed by electrospinning and electrochemical deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Radiology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Naiyin Zhang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Animal Laboratory Center, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Juling Tian
- Laboratory Department of the First People's Hospital of Urumqi, 1 Jiankang Road, Urumqi 830002, PR China
| | - Yingbo Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830054, PR China
| | - Yong Lu
- Radiology Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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7
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Hato MJ, Maponya TC, Ramohlola KE, Modibane KD, Maity A, Monama GR, Makgopa K, Bello A. Polymer-Based Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Highly Toxic Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04477-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Wang Y, Chao G, Li X, Dong F, Zhuang X, Shi L, Cheng B, Xu X. Hierarchical fibrous microfiltration membranes by self-assembling DBS nanofibrils in solution-blown nanofibers. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8879-8882. [PMID: 30378629 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel hierarchical nanofibrous membrane was demonstrated via in situ self-assembly of 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS) supramolecular fibrils in solution-blown polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. The formed DBS fibrils were interconnected into networks and anchored onto the PAN nanofibers, which decreased the pore sizes and enhanced the mechanical properties, the filtration efficiency, and particularly the flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Escudero LB, Vanni G, Duarte FA, Segger T, Dotto GL. Biosorption of silver from aqueous solutions using wine industry wastes. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1387856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia B. Escudero
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Research and Development (QUIANID), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Vanni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio A. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tássia Segger
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. Dotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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11
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A facile approach towards amino-coated polyethersulfone particles for the removal of toxins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 485:39-50. [PMID: 27643469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The removal of toxins is important due to the damage to aquatic environment. In this work, a facile and green approach based on mussel-inspired coatings was used to fabricate amino-coated particles via the reaction between amine and catechol, using hexanediamine as the representative amine. The particles were characterized by Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particles showed selective adsorption capability to Congo red (CR) and the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order model, the intraparticle diffusion model, the Langmuir isotherm, the Freundlich isotherm and the Sips isotherm well. Furthermore, this approach was verified to have applicability to various amines such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), and the amino-coated particles exhibited diverse adsorption capacities to CR, Cu2+ and bilirubin. Considering that the approach is easy to operate and the whole preparation process is in an aqueous solution, it is believed that the facile, green and economical approach has great potential to prepare particles for wastewater treatment.
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12
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Miculescu M, Thakur VK, Miculescu F, Voicu SI. Graphene-based polymer nanocomposite membranes: a review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Miculescu
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Metallic Material Science, Physical Metallurgy Department; 313, Independenţei Blvd. Bucharest 060042 Romania
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Washington State University; School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Pullman WA United States
| | - Florin Miculescu
- University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest; Metallic Material Science, Physical Metallurgy Department; 313, Independenţei Blvd. Bucharest 060042 Romania
| | - Stefan Ioan Voicu
- University Politehnica from Bucharest; Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Sciences; 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Bucharest 011061 Romania
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13
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Bagheri H, Banihashemi S, Zandian FK. Microextraction of antidepressant drugs into syringes packed with a nanocomposite consisting of polydopamine, silver nanoparticles and polypyrrole. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wang R, Jiang X, He A, Xiang T, Zhao C. An in situ crosslinking approach towards chitosan-based semi-IPN hybrid particles for versatile adsorptions of toxins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The schematic illustration for preparing SI-PES/CSTr hybrid particles as adsorbing materials by using in situ crosslinking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ai He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
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