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Oztemur J, Ozdemir S, Tezcan-Unlu H, Cecener G, Sezgin H, Yalcin-Enis I. Investigation of biodegradability and cellular activity of PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA electrospun webs for tissue engineering applications. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23564. [PMID: 37614178 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability and cellular activity are key performance indicators that should be prioritized for tissue engineering applications. Biopolymer selection, determination of necessary structural properties, and their synergistic interactions play an active role in obtaining the expected biodegradability and biological activity from scaffolds. In this study, it is aimed to produce electrospun webs with improved biocompatibility by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) with polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-l-lactide (PLLA), and examine the effect of biopolymer selection and blend ratio on the biodegradability and cellular activity of surfaces. In this context, fibrous webs are produced from PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA blends with a weight ratio of 80/20 and 50/50 and pure polymers of PCL, PLA, and PLLA by electrospinning method and subjected to morphological and biological analyses. The biodegradation tests are carried out hydrolytically while the cell viability and cell proliferation analyses are performed with adult human primary dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results show that the fiber diameters of the fabricated webs ranged from 0.747 to 1.685 μm. At the end of the 5th month, it is observed that the biodegradation rates of the webs blended 50% with PLA and PLLA, in comparison to PCL ones, increase from 3.7% to 13.33% and 7.69%, respectively. On the other hand, cell culture results highlight that the addition of 20% PLA and PLLA improves the cellular activity of both cell types, but increased PLA or PLLA ratio in PCL webs has a negative effect as it makes the structure stiff and brittle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janset Oztemur
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Ozdemir
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Tezcan-Unlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hande Sezgin
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Yalcin-Enis
- Textile Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Kim W, Kim GH. Highly Bioactive Cell-laden Hydrogel Constructs Bioprinted Using an Emulsion Bioink for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 36067738 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8fb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The insufficient pore structure of cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds has limited their application in various tissue regeneration applications owing to low cell-to-cell/matrix interactions and low transfer of nutrients and metabolic wastes. Herein, we designed a highly porous cell-laden hydrogel scaffold fabricated using an emulsion bioink consisting of methacrylated collagen (CMA), mineral oil (MO), and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) to induce efficient cell infiltration and cellular activities. By selecting the most appropriate concentration of CMA and MO, the emulsion bioink can be successfully formulated with proper yield stress and printability. The cell-laden scaffold exhibited significantly greater cell growth and cytoskeletal reorganization than the normally printed cell-laden CMA scaffold. Furthermore, two bioactive components (kartogenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2) were physically encapsulated in the oil droplets of the cell construct, and the molecules in the cell constructs enhanced chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in the printed structure. Based on these results, the cell-printed structure using an emulsion bioink can not only provide a good cellular microenvironment but also be a new potential method to accelerate stem cell differentiation by combining bioactive molecules and cell-laden scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonJin Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University - Suwon Campus, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Biomechatronic Eng., Sungkyunkwan University - Natural Sciences Campus, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea (the Republic of)
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3
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Korelidou A, Domínguez-Robles J, Magill ER, Eleftheriadou M, Cornelius VA, Donnelly RF, Margariti A, Larrañeta E. 3D-printed reservoir-type implants containing poly(lactic acid)/poly(caprolactone) porous membranes for sustained drug delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213024. [PMID: 35908473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems are an interesting alternative to conventional drug delivery systems to achieve local or systemic drug delivery. In this work, we investigated the potential of fused-deposition modelling to prepare reservoir-type implantable devices for sustained drug delivery. An antibiotic was chosen as a model molecule to evaluate the potential of this type of technology to prepare implants on-demand to provide prophylactic antimicrobial treatment after surgery. The first step was to prepare and characterize biodegradable rate-controlling porous membranes based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL). These membranes were prepared using a solvent casting method. The resulting materials contained different PLA/PCL ratios. Cylindrical implants were 3D-printed vertically on top of the membranes. Tetracycline (TC) was loaded inside the implants and drug release was evaluated. The results suggested that membranes containing a PLA/PCL ratio of 50/50 provided drug release over periods of up to 25 days. On the other hand, membranes containing lower PCL content did not show a porous structure and accordingly the drug could not permeate to the same extent. The influence of different parameters on drug release was evaluated. It was established that film thickness, drug content and implant size are critical parameters as they have a direct influence on drug release kinetics. In all cases the implants were capable of providing drug release for at least 25 days. The antimicrobial properties of the implants were evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. The resulting implants showed antimicrobial properties at day 0 and even after 21 days against both type of microorganisms. Finally, the biocompatibility of the implants was evaluated using endothelial cells. Cells exposed to implants were compared with a control group. There were no differences between both groups in terms of cell proliferation and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korelidou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Magill
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Victoria A Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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4
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Liaw C, Huynh S, Gedeon C, Ji S, D'souza C, Abaci A, Guvendiren M. Airbrushed nanofibrous membranes to control stem cell infiltration in
3D
‐printed scaffolds. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chya‐Yan Liaw
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Shawn Huynh
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Christina Gedeon
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Shen Ji
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Caroline D'souza
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Alperen Abaci
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
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5
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Ratheesh G, Shi M, Lau P, Xiao Y, Vaquette C. Effect of Dual Pore Size Architecture on In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation in Additively Manufactured Hierarchical Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2615-2626. [PMID: 33881301 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of macro- and microporosity is a potent manner of enhancing osteogenic potential, but the biological events leading to this increase in osteogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of a dual pore size scaffold on the physical and biological properties, with the hypothesis that cell condensation is the determining factor for enhanced osteogenic differentiation. To this end, a hierarchical scaffold possessing a dual (large and small) pore size was fabricated by combining two additive manufacturing techniques: melt electrospinning writing (MEW) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). The scaffolds showed a mechanical stiffness of 23.2 ± 1.5 MPa similar to the FDM control scaffold, while the hybrid revealed an increased specific surface area of 1.4 ± 0.1 m2/g. The scaffold was cultured with primary human osteoblasts for 28 days, which showed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. The hierarchical structure was also beneficial for in vitro alkaline phosphate activity and mineralization and showed an increased expression of osteogenic protein and genes. Mesenchymal condensation markers related to osteoblastic differentiation (CDH2, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42) were upregulated in the hybrid construct, demonstrating that the MEW membrane provided an environment more suitable for the recapitulation of cell condensation, which in turn leads to higher osteogenic differentiation. In summary, this study demonstrated that the hierarchical scaffold developed in this paper leads to a significant improvement in the scaffold properties such as increased specific surface area, initial cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and in vitro osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Ratheesh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Patrick Lau
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland (UQ), 288 Herston Rd, Hertson, Queensland 4006, Australia
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6
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Li D, Dai F, Li H, Wang C, Shi X, Cheng Y, Deng H. Chitosan and collagen layer-by-layer assembly modified oriented nanofibers and their biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Chimisso V, Aleman Garcia MA, Yorulmaz Avsar S, Dinu IA, Palivan CG. Design of Bio-Conjugated Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine Applications: From Polymer Scaffold to Biomolecule Choice. Molecules 2020; 25:E4090. [PMID: 32906772 PMCID: PMC7571016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-conjugated hydrogels merge the functionality of a synthetic network with the activity of a biomolecule, becoming thus an interesting class of materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This combination allows the fine tuning of their functionality and activity, whilst retaining biocompatibility, responsivity and displaying tunable chemical and mechanical properties. A complex scenario of molecular factors and conditions have to be taken into account to ensure the correct functionality of the bio-hydrogel as a scaffold or a delivery system, including the polymer backbone and biomolecule choice, polymerization conditions, architecture and biocompatibility. In this review, we present these key factors and conditions that have to match together to ensure the correct functionality of the bio-conjugated hydrogel. We then present recent examples of bio-conjugated hydrogel systems paving the way for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR-1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (V.C.); (M.A.A.G.); (S.Y.A.); (I.A.D.)
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8
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Yeo M, Kim GH. Anisotropically Aligned Cell-Laden Nanofibrous Bundle Fabricated via Cell Electrospinning to Regenerate Skeletal Muscle Tissue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803491. [PMID: 30311453 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For muscle regeneration, a uniaxially arranged micropattern is important to mimic the structure of the natural extracellular matrix. Recently, cell electrospinning (CE) has been tested to fabricate cell-laden fibrous structures by embedding cells directly into micro/nanofibers. Although homogenous cell distribution and a reasonable cell viability of the cell-laden fibrous structure fabricated using the CE process are achieved, unique topographical cues formed by an aligned fibrous structure have not been applied. In this study, a CE process to achieve not only homogeneous cell distribution with a high cell viability, but also highly aligned cells, which are guided by aligned alginate fibers is employed. To attain the aligned cell-laden fibrous structure, various processing conditions are examined. The selected condition is applied using C2C12 myoblast cells to ensure the biocompatibility and guidance of cell elongation and alignment. As a control, a cell-printed scaffold using a 3D bioprinter is used to compare the efficiency of cell alignment and differentiation of myoblasts. Highly arranged, multinucleated cell morphology is confirmed in the CE scaffold, which successively facilitates myogenic differentiation. It is believed that this study will be a new platform for obtaining cell alignment and will significantly benefit the efforts on muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Yeo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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9
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Lee JY, Koo Y, Kim G. Innovative Cryopreservation Process Using a Modified Core/Shell Cell-Printing with a Microfluidic System for Cell-Laden Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9257-9268. [PMID: 29473732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the printability and applicability of a core/shell cell-printed scaffold for medium-term (for up to 20 days) cryopreservation and subsequent cultivation with acceptable cellular activities including cell viability. We developed an innovative cell-printing process supplemented with a microfluidic channel, a core/shell nozzle, and a low-temperature working stage to obtain a cell-laden 3D porous collagen scaffold for cryopreservation. The 3D porous biomedical scaffold consisted of core/shell struts with a cell-laden collagen-based bioink/dimethyl sulfoxide mixture in the core region and an alginate/poly(ethylene oxide) mixture in the shell region. Following 2 weeks of cryopreservation, the cells (osteoblast-like cells or human adipose stem cells) in the scaffold showed good viability (over 90%), steady growth, and mineralization similar to those of a control scaffold fabricated using a conventional cell-printing process without cryopreservation. We believe that these results are attributable to the optimized fabrication processes the cells underwent, including safe freezing/thawing processes. On the basis of these results, this fabrication process has great potential for obtaining core/shell cell-laden collagen scaffolds for cryopreservation, which have various tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - YoungWon Koo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , South Korea
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10
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Lee J, Yeo M, Kim W, Koo Y, Kim GH. Development of a tannic acid cross-linking process for obtaining 3D porous cell-laden collagen structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 110:497-503. [PMID: 29054525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-printing is an emerging technique that enables to build a customized structure using biomaterials and living cells for various biomedical applications. In many biomaterials, alginate has been widely used for rapid gelation, low cost, and relatively high processability. However, biocompatibilities enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation were limited, so that, to overcome this problem, an outstanding alternative, collagen, has been extensively investigated. Many factors remain to be proven for cell-printing applications, such as printability, physical sustainability after printing, and applicability of in vitro cell culture. This study proposes a cell-laden collagen scaffold fabricated via cell-printing and tannic acid (TA) crosslinking process. The effects of the crosslinking agent (0-3wt% TA) in the cell-laden collagen scaffolds on physical properties and cellular activities using preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were presented. Compared to the cell-laden collagen scaffold without TA crosslinking, the scaffold with TA crosslinking was significantly enhanced in mechanical properties, while reasonable cellular activities were observed. Concisely, this study introduces the possibility of a cell-printing process using collagen and TA crosslinking and in vitro cell culture for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiUn Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Yeo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - WonJin Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungWon Koo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ning L, Chen X. A brief review of extrusion-based tissue scaffold bio-printing. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28544779 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bio-printing has great potential as a technique for manipulating biomaterials and living cells to create three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for damaged tissue repair and function restoration. Over the last two decades, advances in both engineering techniques and life sciences have evolved extrusion-based bio-printing from a simple technique to one able to create diverse tissue scaffolds from a wide range of biomaterials and cell types. However, the complexities associated with synthesis of materials for bio-printing and manipulation of multiple materials and cells in bio-printing pose many challenges for scaffold fabrication. This paper presents an overview of extrusion-based bio-printing for scaffold fabrication, focusing on the prior-printing considerations (such as scaffold design and materials/cell synthesis), working principles, comparison to other techniques, and to-date achievements. This paper also briefly reviews the recent development of strategies with regard to hydrogel synthesis, multi-materials/cells manipulation, and process-induced cell damage in extrusion-based bio-printing. The key issue and challenges for extrusion-based bio-printing are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future, aimed at developing novel biomaterials and bio-printing systems, creating patterned vascular networks within scaffolds, and preserving the cell viability and functions in scaffold bio-printing. The address of these challenges will significantly enhance the capability of extrusion-based bio-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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12
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Lee HJ, Koo YW, Yeo M, Kim SH, Kim GH. Recent cell printing systems for tissue engineering. Int J Bioprint 2017; 3:004. [PMID: 33094179 PMCID: PMC7575629 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering has been studied for the bio mimicry of the structures of human tissues and organs. Now, it is being applied to 3D cell printing, which can position cells and biomaterials, such as growth factors, at desired positions in the 3D space. However, there are some challenges of 3D cell printing, such as cell damage during the printing process and the inability to produce a porous 3D shape owing to the embedding of cells in the hydrogel-based printing ink, which should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic, etc. Therefore, researchers have been studying ways to balance or enhance the post-print cell viability and the print-ability of 3D cell printing technologies by accommodating several mechanical, electrical, and chemical based systems. In this mini-review, several common 3D cell printing methods and their modified applications are introduced for overcoming deficiencies of the cell printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-jin Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Young Won Koo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Miji Yeo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Su Hon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, VA 24061, USA
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
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13
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Yeo M, Lee H, Kim GH. Combining a micro/nano-hierarchical scaffold with cell-printing of myoblasts induces cell alignment and differentiation favorable to skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035021. [PMID: 27634918 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical scaffolds must be used in tissue engineering to provide physical stability and topological/biochemical properties that directly affect tissue regeneration. In this study, a new cell-laden scaffold was developed that supplies micro/nano-topological cues and promotes efficient release of cells. The hierarchical structure consisted of poly(ε-caprolactone) macrosized struts for sustaining a three-dimensional structural shape, aligned nanofibers obtained with optimized electrospinning, and cell-printed myoblasts. Importantly, the printed myoblasts were fully safe and were efficiently released from the cell-laden struts to neighboring nanofiber networks. The incorporation of micro/nanofibers in the hierarchical scaffold significantly affected myoblast proliferation, alignment, and even facilitated the formation of myotubes. We observed that myosin heavy chain expression and the expression levels of various myogenic genes (MyoD, myogenin, and troponin T) were significantly affected by the fiber alignment achieved in our hierarchical cell-laden structure. We believe that the combination of cell-printing and a hierarchical scaffold that encourages fiber alignment is a highly promising technique for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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14
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Kim BS, Jang J, Chae S, Gao G, Kong JS, Ahn M, Cho DW. Three-dimensional bioprinting of cell-laden constructs with polycaprolactone protective layers for using various thermoplastic polymers. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Ning L, Xu Y, Chen X, Schreyer DJ. Influence of mechanical properties of alginate-based substrates on the performance of Schwann cells in culture. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:898-915. [PMID: 27012482 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1170415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, artificial tissue scaffolds containing living cells have been studied for tissue repair and regeneration. Notably, the performance of these encapsulated-in-scaffolds cells in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and expression of function during and after the scaffold fabrication process, has not been well documented because of the influence of mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of the scaffold substrate materials. This paper presents our study on the influence of mechanical properties of alginate-based substrates on the performance of Schwann cells, which are the major glial cells of peripheral nervous system. Given the fact that alginate polysaccharide hydrogel has poor cell adhesion properties, in this study, we examined several types of cell-adhesion supplements and found that alginate covalently modified with RGD peptide provided improved cell proliferation and adhesion. We prepared alginate-based substrates for cell culture using varying alginate concentrations for altering their mechanical properties, which were confirmed by compression testing. Then, we examined the viability, proliferation, morphology, and expression of the extracellular matrix protein laminin of Schwann cells that were seeded on the surface of alginate-based substrates (or 2D culture) or encapsulated within alginate-based substrates (3D cultures), and correlated the examined cell performance to the alginate concentration (or mechanical properties) of hydrogel substrates. Our findings suggest that covalent attachment of RGD peptide can improve the success of Schwann cell encapsulation within alginate-based scaffolds, and provide guidance for regulating the mechanical properties of alginate-based scaffolds containing Schwann cells for applications in peripheral nervous system regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Yitong Xu
- b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada.,c Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - David J Schreyer
- b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Improving agar electrospinnability with choline-based deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schütz K, Placht AM, Paul B, Brüggemeier S, Gelinsky M, Lode A. Three-dimensional plotting of a cell-laden alginate/methylcellulose blend: towards biofabrication of tissue engineering constructs with clinically relevant dimensions. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [PMID: 26202781 DOI: 10.1002/term.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication of tissue engineering constructs with tailored architecture and organized cell placement using rapid prototyping technologies is a major research focus in the field of regenerative therapies. This study describes a novel alginate-based material suitable for both cell embedding and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures with predefined geometry by 3D plotting. The favourable printing properties of the material were achieved by using a simple strategy: addition of methylcellulose (MC) to a 3% alginate solution resulted in a strongly enhanced viscosity, which enabled accurate and easy deposition without high technical efforts. After scaffold plotting, the alginate chains were crosslinked with Ca2+ ; MC did not contribute to the gelation and was released from the scaffolds during the following cultivation. The resulting constructs are characterized by high elasticity and stability, as well as an enhanced microporosity caused by the transient presence of MC. The suitability of the alginate/MC blend for cell embedding was evaluated by direct incorporation of mesenchymal stem cells during scaffold fabrication. The embedded cells showed high viability after 3 weeks of cultivation, which was similar to those of cells within pure alginate scaffolds which served as control. Maintenance of the differentiation potential of embedded cells, as an important requirement for the generation of functional tissue engineering constructs, was proven for adipogenic differentiation as a model for soft tissue formation. In conclusion, the temporary integration of MC into a low-concentrated alginate solution allowed the generation of scaffolds with dimensions in the range of centimetres without loss of the positive properties of low-concentrated alginate hydrogels with regard to cell embedding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Placht
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Brüggemeier
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Hybrid Fabrication of a 3D Printed Geometry Embedded with PCL Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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