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Zare Y, Munir MT, Rhee KY. Percolation onset and conductivity of nanocomposites assuming an incomplete dispersion of graphene nanosheets in a polymer matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32460-32470. [PMID: 37994515 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, stacks of graphene nanosheets resulting from an incomplete dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer graphene nanocomposites are considered. The volume fraction, aspect ratio and conduction of stacks are expressed by the distance between nanosheets (s), thickness of an individual nanosheet (t), nanosheet diameter (D), thickness of the interphase zone (ti) and tunneling length (d). Moreover, the percolation onset, actual filler quantity and portion of networked nanosheets are stated by the stacks of nanosheets, interphase depth and tunneling length. Finally, an advanced model for the conductivity of a graphene-based system is presented using the mentioned terms. The influence of all properties of stacks, tunneling and interphase areas on the percolation onset, portion of percolated nanosheets and conductivity are examined. Furthermore, the tested values of conductivity are applied to confirm the predictability of the model. The larger quantity of thin sheets included in stacks produces a higher conductivity for samples. In addition, a thicker interphase and smaller tunnels can result in higher conductivity. The calculations of conductivity match the tested data at all filler amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Tajammal Munir
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK21 four), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Zare Y, Gharib N, Nam DH, Chang YW. Predicting of tunneling resistivity between adjacent nanosheets in graphene-polymer systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12455. [PMID: 37528228 PMCID: PMC10394054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the tunneling resistivity between neighboring nanosheets in grapheme-polymer nanocomposites is expressed by a simple equation as a function of the characteristics of graphene and tunnels. This expression is obtained by connecting two advanced models for the conductivity of graphene-filled materials reflecting tunneling role and interphase area. The predictions of the applied models are linked to the tested data of several samples. The impressions of all factors on the tunneling resistivity are evaluated and interpreted using the suggested equation. The calculations of tunneling resistivity for the studied examples by the model and suggested equation demonstrate the same levels, which confirm the presented methodology. The results indicate that the tunneling resistivity decreases by super-conductive graphene, small tunneling width, numerous contacts among nanosheets and short tunneling length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Gharib
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Dong-Hyun Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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3
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Zare Y, Kim TH, Gharib N, Chang YW. Effect of contact number among graphene nanosheets on the conductivities of tunnels and polymer composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9506. [PMID: 37308514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple equations are expressed for tunnel conductivity, tunnel resistance and conductivity of a graphene-filled composite by the number of contacts and interphase part. More specially, the active filler amount is suggested by interphase depth, which changes the contact number. The conductivity of nanocomposite is presented by filler content, filler dimensions, tunneling length and interphase depth. The innovative model is surveyed by the experimented conductivity of real examples. Too, the impacts of numerous issues on the tunnel resistance, tunnel conductivity and conductivity of nanocomposite are discussed to validate the novel equations. The estimates agree with the experimented data and the impacts of several terms on the tunnel resistance, tunnel conductivity and conductivity of system are sensible. Thin and big nanosheets positively affect the nanocomposite's conductivity, but thick nanosheets improve the tunnel conductivity. High conductivity is found at short tunnels, while the nanocomposite's conductivity directly depends on the tunneling length. The dissimilar effects of these features on the tunneling properties and conductivity are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Nima Gharib
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, 54200, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Young-Wook Chang
- Department of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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Vatani M, Zare Y, Gharib N, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Simulating of effective conductivity for grapheme-polymer nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5907. [PMID: 37041268 PMCID: PMC10090123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient conductivity of graphene-polymer systems is expressed supposing graphene, tunneling and interphase components. The volume shares and inherent resistances of the mentioned components are used to define the efficient conductivity. Besides, the percolation start and the share of graphene and interphase pieces in the nets are formulated by simple equations. Also, the resistances of tunneling and interphase parts are correlated to graphene conductivity and their specifications. Suitable arrangements among experimented data and model's estimates as well as the proper trends between efficient conductivity and model's parameters validate the correctness of the novel model. The calculations disclose that the efficient conductivity improves by low percolation level, dense interphase, short tunnel, large tunneling pieces and poor polymer tunnel resistivity. Furthermore, only the tunneling resistance can govern the electron transportation between nanosheets and efficient conductivity, while the big amounts of graphene and interphase conductivity cannot play a role in the efficient conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vatani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran
| | - Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Gharib
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK21 Four), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Zare Y, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Progressing of a power model for electrical conductivity of graphene-based composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1596. [PMID: 36709238 PMCID: PMC9884220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a power equation for the conductivity of graphene-based polymer composites by the tunneling length, interphase deepness and filler size. The impressions of these factors on the effective concentration and percolation beginning of graphene nano-sheets in nanocomposites are also expressed. The developed equations for percolation beginning and conductivity are examined by the experimented data of some examples, which can guesstimate the interphase depth, tunneling size and percolation exponent. Besides, the impacts of numerous factors on the percolation beginning and conductivity are designed. The developed equation for percolation beginning shows the formation of thick interphase and large tunnels in the reported samples. So, disregarding of tunneling and interphase spaces in polymer graphene nanocomposites overpredicts the percolation beginning. Additionally, the developed model presents the acceptable calculations for the conductivity of samples. Among the mentioned parameters, the concentration and graphene conductivity in addition to the interphase depth induce the strongest effects on the conductivity of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK21 Four), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Electro-Stimulated Release of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug from Poly(Lactic Acid)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/ZnO Nanocomposite Film. Pharm Res 2020; 37:178. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Afzal A, Siddiqi HM, Sarwar S, Rubab Z, Mujahid A. Polymer-particulate composites with differential interfaces: synthesis, characterization, and mathematical modeling to evaluate interface-yield strength correlations. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharifzadeh E. Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of Blend Based Polymer Nanocomposites Considering the Effects of Janus Nanoparticles on Polymer/Polymer Interface. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen S, Sarafbidabad M, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Estimation of the tensile modulus of polymer carbon nanotube nanocomposites containing filler networks and interphase regions by development of the Kolarik model. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23825-23834. [PMID: 35540261 PMCID: PMC9081742 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01910j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kolarik model for the tensile modulus of co-continuous blends is developed for polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites assuming continuous CNT networks and the reinforcing and percolating efficiencies of the interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Dongguan University of Technology
- Dongguan
- China
| | - Mohsen Sarafbidabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Isfahan
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 446-701
- Republic of Korea
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Zare Y, Rhee KY. Dependence of Z Parameter for Tensile Strength of Multi-Layered Interphase in Polymer Nanocomposites to Material and Interphase Properties. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:42. [PMID: 28097595 PMCID: PMC5241266 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the Z interphase parameter which determines the tensile strength of interphase layers in polymer nanocomposites is presented as a function of various material and interphase properties. In this regard, the simple Pukanszky model for tensile strength of polymer nanocomposites is applied and the dependency of Z to different characteristics of constituents and interphase are illustrated by contour plots. The interphase strength (σ i) and B interfacial parameter in Pukanszky model show direct links with Z parameter. Also, it is found that the volume fractions of nanoparticles and interphase reveal dissimilar effects on Z. A high Z is obtained by a low nanoparticle volume fraction and high content of interphase, but the best values of Z are associated with the level of B parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
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11
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Zare Y, Rhee KY. Expansion of Kolarik model for tensile strength of polymer particulate nanocomposites as a function of matrix, nanoparticles and interphase properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:582-588. [PMID: 28759858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kolarik proposed a model for tensile strength of polymer particulate composites based on the cubic orthogonal skeleton or three perpendicular plates (3PP) system. In this paper, Kolarik model is expanded for tensile strength of polymer nanocomposites containing spherical nanoparticles assuming the interphase properties. This model expresses the strength as a function of interphase properties. This development is performed using some models such as Pukanszky and Nicolais-Narkis. The expanded model is applied to calculate the thickness and strength of interphase by the experimental results. Furthermore, the strength of polymer nanocomposites is evaluated at different levels of material and interphase properties. The experimental data show good agreement with the predictions of the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Zare Y, Rhee KY. Development and modification of conventional Ouali model for tensile modulus of polymer/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites assuming the roles of dispersed and networked nanoparticles and surrounding interphases. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:283-290. [PMID: 28738279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, conventional Ouali model for tensile modulus of composites is developed for polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites (PCNT) assuming the influences of filler network and dispersed nanoparticles above percolation threshold as well as the interphases between polymer host and nanoparticles which reinforce the nanocomposite and facilitate the networking. The developed model is simplified, because the characteristics of dispersed nanoparticles and surrounding interphase cannot significantly change the modulus of PCNT. The suggested model is compared to the experimentally measured modulus of some samples, which can calculate the percolation threshold of interphase regions and the possessions of interphase and filler network. The suggested model correctly predicts the influences of all parameters on the modulus. Thinner and longer CNT in addition to thicker interphase enhance the volume fraction of interphase which shifts the connectivity of interphase regions to smaller nanoparticle fraction and improves the modulus of PCNT. A very low level of percolation threshold significantly develops the modulus, but its high ranges have not any role. Among the studied parameters, the thickness and modulus of interphase between polymer host and networked nanoparticles play the most important roles in the modulus of PCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Enhanced mechanical properties of chitosan/nanodiamond composites by improving interphase using thermal oxidation of nanodiamond. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:219-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Zare Y, Rhee KY. Tensile modulus of polymer/CNT nanocomposites by effective volume fraction of nanoparticles as a function of CNT properties in the network. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
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15
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Accounting the reinforcing efficiency and percolating role of interphase regions in tensile modulus of polymer/CNT nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Zare Y, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Modeling of tensile strength in polymer particulate nanocomposites based on material and interphase properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club; Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; Incheon Republic of Korea
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17
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Evaluation of nanoparticle dispersion and its influence on the tensile modulus of polymer nanocomposites by a modeling method. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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An approach to study the roles of percolation threshold and interphase in tensile modulus of polymer/clay nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 486:249-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Development of cubic orthogonal skeleton or three perpendicular plates system for prediction of Young’s modulus in polymer nanocomposites assuming the interphase. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Zare Y. A comparative study to predict the interphase modulus in polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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21
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Zare Y. Development of simplified Tandon-Weng solutions of Mori-Tanaka theory for Young's modulus of polymer nanocomposites considering the interphase. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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22
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Zare Y. Modeling approach for tensile strength of interphase layers in polymer nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 471:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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