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Zhang Y, Li Z, Che Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Lv Z, Wu C, Han L, Tang J, Zhu W, Xiao Y, Zheng H, Zhong Y, Chen Z, Yu J. Dynamics of polarization-tuned mirror symmetry breaking in a rotationally symmetric system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5586. [PMID: 38961090 PMCID: PMC11222497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral momentum conservation is typically kept in a non-absorptive rotationally symmetric system through mirror symmetry via Noether's theorem when illuminated by a homogeneous light wave. Therefore, it is still very challenging to break the mirror symmetry and generate a lateral optical force (LOF) in the rotationally symmetric system. Here, we report a general dynamic action in the SO(2) rotationally symmetric system, originating from the polarization-tuned mirror symmetry breaking (MSB) of the light scattering. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that MSB can be generally applied to the SO(2) rotationally symmetric system and tuned sinusoidally by polarization orientation, leading to a highly tunable and highly efficient LOF (9.22 pN/mW/μm-2) perpendicular to the propagation direction. The proposed MSB mechanism and LOF not only complete the sets of MSB of light-matter interaction and non-conservative force only using a plane wave but also provide extra polarization manipulation freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhen Che
- Guangdong Science and Technology Infrastructure Center, Guangzhou, 510033, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chunling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Longwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jieyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huadan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongchun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Hages ND, Sembrat JC, Weber L, Johnston DJ, Stetten AZ, Sauleda M, Mulhern B, Tilton RD, Garoff S, Rojas M, Corcoran TE. Effect of a Surfactant Additive on Drug Transport and Distribution Uniformity After Aerosol Delivery to Ex Vivo Lungs. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2022; 35:146-153. [PMID: 34647795 PMCID: PMC9242716 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhaled drug delivery can be limited by heterogeneous dose distribution. An additive that would disperse drug over the internal surfaces of the lung after aerosol deposition could improve dosing uniformity and increase the treated area. Our previous studies demonstrated that surfactant additives can produce surface tension-driven (Marangoni) flows that effectively dispersed aerosol-delivered drugs over mucus surfaces. Here we sought to determine whether the addition of a surfactant would increase transport of an aerosol between lung regions and also improve dosing uniformity in human lungs. Methods: We compared the deposition and postdeposition dispersion of surfactant (10 mg/mL dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; DPPC) and saline-based liquid aerosols, admixed with Technetium 99m (Tc99m) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, using gamma scintigraphy. Deposition images were obtained ex vivo in eight pairs of ventilated human lungs. The trachea was intubated and the mainstem bronchi were alternately clamped so that saline was delivered to one lung and then DPPC to the other (sides alternated). The lungs were continually imaged for 15 minutes during delivery. We assessed transport of the deposited aerosol by quantifying the percentage of Tc99m in each of four lung quadrants over time. We quantified dose uniformity within each lung quadrant by measuring the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of the pixel associated radioactive counts/mean of the counts within each quadrant). Results: There was no change in the percentage of Tc99m in each quadrant over time, indicating no improvement in transport with the addition of the surfactant. The addition of surfactant was associated with a statistically significant decrease in CV in the lower inner lung quadrant at each of the three time points, indicating an improvement in dosing uniformity. Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate the possible utility of adding surfactant to aerosols to improve drug distribution uniformity to lower inner lung regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Hages
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darragh J. Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Z. Stetten
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline Sauleda
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Mulhern
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert D. Tilton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy E. Corcoran
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Address correspondence to: Timothy E. Corcoran, PhD, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC MUH NW628, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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4
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Numerical simulation of the Marangoni flow on mass transfer from single droplet with different Reynolds numbers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
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6
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Sauleda ML, Hsieh TL, Xu W, Tilton RD, Garoff S. Surfactant spreading on a deep subphase: Coupling of Marangoni flow and capillary waves. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:511-521. [PMID: 35121509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Surfactant-driven Marangoni spreading generates a fluid flow characterized by an outwardly moving "Marangoni ridge". Spreading on thin and/or high viscosity subphases, as most of the prior literature emphasizes, does not allow the formation of capillary waves. On deep, low viscosity subphases, Marangoni stresses may launch capillary waves coupled with the Marangoni ridge, and new dependencies emerge for key spreading characteristics on surfactant thermodynamic and kinetic properties. EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING Computational and physical experiments were performed using a broad range of surfactants to report the post-deposition motion of the surfactant front and the deformation of the subphase surface. Modeling coupled the Navier-Stokes and advective diffusion equations with an adsorption model. Separate experiments employed tracer particles or an optical density method to track surfactant front motion or surface deformation, respectively. FINDINGS Marangoni stresses on thick subphases induce capillary waves, the slowest of which is co-mingled with the Marangoni ridge. Changing Marangoni stresses by varying the surfactant system alters the surfactant front velocity and the amplitude - but not the velocity - of the slowest capillary wave. As spreading progresses, the surfactant front and its associated surface deformation separate from the slowest moving capillary wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L Sauleda
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tsung-Lin Hsieh
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wangrun Xu
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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7
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Sauleda ML, Chu HCW, Tilton RD, Garoff S. Surfactant Driven Marangoni Spreading in the Presence of Predeposited Insoluble Surfactant Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3309-3320. [PMID: 33689367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When an insoluble surfactant is deposited on the surface of a thin fluid film, stresses induced by surface tension gradients drive Marangoni spreading across the subphase surface. The presence of a predeposited layer of an insoluble surfactant alters that spreading. In this study, the fluid film was aqueous, the predeposited insoluble surfactant was dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and the deposited insoluble surfactant was oleic acid. An optical density-based method was used to measure subphase surface distortion, called the Marangoni ridge, associated with propagation of the spreading front. The movement of the Marangoni ridge was correlated with movement of surface tracer particles that indicated both the boundary between the two surfactant layers and the surface fluid velocities. As the deposited oleic acid monolayer spread, it compressed the predeposited DPPC monolayer. During spreading, the surface tension gradient extended into the predeposited monolayer, which was compressed nonuniformly, from the deposited monolayer. The spreading was so rapid that the compressed predeposited surfactant could not have been in quasi-equilibrium states during the spreading. As the initial concentrations of the predeposited surfactant were increased, the shape of the Marangoni ridge deformed. When the initial concentration of the predeposited surfactant reached about 70 A2/molecule, there was no longer a Marangoni ridge but rather a broadly distributed excess of fluid above the initial fluid height. The nonuniform compression of the annulus of the predeposited monolayer also caused tangential motion ahead of both the Marangoni ridge and the boundary between the two monolayers. Spreading ceased when the two monolayers reached the same final surface tension. The final area per molecule of the DPPC monolayer matched that expected from the equilibrium DPPC isotherm at the same final surface tension. Thus, at the end of spreading, there was a simple surface tension balance between the two distinct monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L Sauleda
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Henry C W Chu
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Liu J, Guo X, Xu Y, Wu X. Spreading of Oil Droplets Containing Surfactants and Pesticides on Water Surface Based on the Marangoni Effect. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051408. [PMID: 33807893 PMCID: PMC7961330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil droplets containing surfactants and pesticides are expected to spread on a water surface, under the Marangoni effect, depending on the surfactant. Pesticides are transported into water through this phenomenon. A high-speed video camera was used to measure the movement of Marangoni ridges. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to analyze the concentration of the pesticide in water at different times. Oil droplets containing the surfactant and pesticide spread quickly on the water surface by Marangoni flow, forming an oil film and promoting emulsification of the oil–water interface, which enabled even transport of the pesticide into water, where it was then absorbed by weeds. Surfactants can decrease the surface tension of the water subphase after deposition, thereby enhancing the Marangoni effect in pesticide-containing oil droplets. The time and labor required for applying pesticides in rice fields can be greatly reduced by using the Marangoni effect to transport pesticides to the target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.W.)
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Schenck D, Goettler S, Fiegel J. Surfactant-induced spreading of nanoparticles is inhibited on mucus mimetic surfaces that model native lung conditions. Phys Biol 2019; 16:065001. [PMID: 31292288 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of surfactant-induced spreading to promote nanoparticle distribution on model mucus hydrogels. The hydrogels were formulated with viscoelastic properties and surface tensions that match those of native lung mucus. Nanoparticle-containing droplets with or without surfactant were deposited on the mucus surface and spreading patterns were monitored by time-course fluorescence imaging. Overall, surfactant-induced spreading of nanoparticles required an appropriate balance between Marangoni forces and viscoelastic subphase resistance. Spreading was enhanced on bare gels by increasing the concentration of surfactant in the droplets or reducing the viscoelastic properties of the subphase. However, with a pre-existing film of pulmonary surfactant on the mucus surface, spreading was dramatically inhibited as the surface tension gradient between the droplets and the surrounding subphase decreased. A complete lack of spreading was observed at surface tensions that matched those in the tracheobronchial region of the lungs, even with full-concentration Infasurf. These studies demonstrate that the magnitude of spreading on lung mucus-like surfaces is limited by native mucosal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schenck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
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10
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Iasella SV, Sun N, Zhang X, Corcoran TE, Garoff S, Przybycien TM, Tilton RD. Flow regime transitions and effects on solute transport in surfactant-driven Marangoni flows. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:136-147. [PMID: 31202050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Surfactant-driven Marangoni flow on liquid films is predicted to depend on subphase depth and initial surface tension difference between the subphase and deposited surfactant solution drop. Changes in flow behavior will impact transport of soluble species entrained in the Marangoni flow along the surface. In extreme cases, the subphase film may rupture, limiting transport. Understanding this behavior is important for applications in drug delivery, coatings, and oil spill remediation. EXPERIMENTS A trans-illumination optical technique measured the subphase height profiles and drop content transport after drop deposition when varying initial subphase depth, surfactant concentration, and subphase viscosity. FINDINGS Three distinct flow regimes were identified depending on the subphase depth and surfactant concentration and mapped onto an operating diagram. These are characterized as a "central depression" bounded by an outwardly traveling ridge, an "annular depression" bounded by a central dome and the traveling ridge, and an "annular dewetting" when the subphase ruptures. Well above the critical micelle concentration, transitions between regimes occur at characteristic ratios of gravitational and initial surface tension gradient stresses; transitions shift when surfactant dilution during spreading weakens the stress before the completion of the spreading event. Drop contents travel with the ridge, but dewetting hinders transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Iasella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2).
| | - Ningguan Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2)
| | - Timothy E Corcoran
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(3).
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Department of Physics, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2).
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2); Department of Βiomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2).
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2); Department of Βiomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States(2).
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11
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Stetten AZ, Iasella SV, Corcoran TE, Garoff S, Przybycien TM, Tilton RD. Surfactant-induced Marangoni transport of lipids and therapeutics within the lung. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 36:58-69. [PMID: 30147429 PMCID: PMC6103298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the fundamentals of surface transport on thin viscous films has important application in pulmonary drug delivery. The human lung contains a large-area interface between its complex fluid lining and inhaled air. Marangoni flows driven by surface tension gradients along this interface would promote enhanced distribution of inhaled therapeutics by carrying them from where they are deposited in the upper airways, along the fluid interface to deeper regions of the lung. Motivated by the potential to improve therapies for acute and chronic lung diseases, we review recent progress in modeling and experimental studies of Marangoni transport induced by the deposition of surfactant-containing microliter drops and liquid aerosols (picoliter drops) onto a fluid interface. The roles of key system variables are identified, including surfactant solubility, drop miscibility with the subphase, and the thickness, composition and surface properties of the subphase liquid. Of particular interest is the unanticipated but crucial role of aerosol processing to achieve Marangoni transport via phospholipid vesicle dispersions, which are likely candidates for a biocompatible delivery system. Progress in this field has the potential to not only improve outcomes in patients with chronic and acute lung diseases, but also to further our understanding of surface transport in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Z. Stetten
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steven V. Iasella
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Stephen Garoff
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Todd M. Przybycien
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert D. Tilton
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Carnegie Mellon Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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12
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Alp G, Aydogan N. Enhancing the Spreading Behavior on Pulmonary Mucus Mimicking Subphase via Catanionic Surfactant Solutions: Toward Effective Drug Delivery through the Lungs. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1361-1370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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CHEN YX, XIE GC, PAN D, DU YR, PANG LL, SONG JD, DUAN ZJ, HU BR. Three-dimensional Culture of Human Airway Epithelium in Matrigel for Evaluation of Human Rhinovirus C and Bocavirus Infections. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2018; 31:136-145. [PMID: 29606192 PMCID: PMC7134816 DOI: 10.3967/bes2018.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newly identified human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) and human bocavirus (HBoV) cannot propagate in vitro in traditional cell culture models; thus obtaining knowledge about these viruses and developing related vaccines are difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel platform for the propagation of these types of viruses. METHODS A platform for culturing human airway epithelia in a three-dimensional (3D) pattern using Matrigel as scaffold was developed. The features of 3D culture were identified by immunochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV in 3D cells at designated time points were quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Levels of cytokines, whose secretion was induced by the viruses, were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Properties of bronchial-like tissues, such as the expression of biomarkers CK5, ZO-1, and PCK, and the development of cilium-like protuberances indicative of the human respiration tract, were observed in 3D-cultured human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, but not in monolayer-cultured cells. Nucleic acid levels of HRV-C and HBoV and levels of virus-induced cytokines were also measured using the 3D culture system. CONCLUSION Our data provide a preliminary indication that the 3D culture model of primary epithelia using a Matrigel scaffold in vitro can be used to propagate HRV-C and HBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiong CHEN
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Guang Cheng XIE
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Dong PAN
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Rong DU
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Li Li PANG
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Dong SONG
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhao Jun DUAN
- Department for Viral Diarrhea, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bu Rong HU
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to HU Bu Rong
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Iasella SV, Stetten AZ, Corcoran TE, Garoff S, Przybycien TM, Tilton RD. Aerosolizing Lipid Dispersions Enables Antibiotic Transport Across Mimics of the Lung Airway Surface Even in the Presence of Pre-existing Lipid Monolayers. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 31:212-220. [PMID: 29053080 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary lung infections are the primary cause of morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis lung disease. Aerosolized antibiotic inhalation is potentially advantageous but has limited effectiveness due to altered airway aerodynamics and deposition patterns that limit drug access to infected regions. One potential strategy to better reach infected areas is to formulate aerosols with surfactants that induce surface tension gradients and drive postdeposition drug dispersal via Marangoni transport along the airway surface liquid (ASL). Since this relies on surfactant-induced surface tension reduction, the presence of endogenous lipid monolayers may hinder drug dispersal performance. METHODS Tobramycin solutions were formulated with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a major component of endogenous pulmonary surfactant, to drive postdeposition aerosol dispersal across a model ASL based on a liquid layer or "subphase" of aqueous porcine gastric mucin (PGM) solution with predeposited DPPC monolayers to mimic the endogenous surfactant. In vitro subphase samples were collected from regions outside the aerosol deposition zone and assayed for tobramycin concentration using a closed enzyme donor immunoassay. The motion of a tracking bead across the subphase surface and the corresponding decrease in surface tension on aerosol deposition were tracked both with and without a predeposited DPPC monolayer. The surface tension/area isotherm for DPPC on PGM solution subphase was measured to aid in the interpretation of the tobramycin dispersal behavior. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Transport of tobramycin away from the deposition region occurs in aerosols formulated with DPPC whether or not predeposited lipid is present, and tobramycin concentrations are similar in both cases across biologically relevant length scales (∼8 cm). When DPPC is deposited from an aerosol, it induces ultralow surface tensions (<5 mN/m), which drive Marangoni flows, even in the presence of a dense background layer of DPPC. Therefore, aerosolized phospholipids, such as DPPC, will likely be effective spreading agents in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Iasella
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Z Stetten
- 2 Department of Physics, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy E Corcoran
- 3 Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Garoff
- 2 Department of Physics, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert D Tilton
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Altube MJ, Cutro A, Bakas L, Morilla MJ, Disalvo EA, Romero EL. Nebulizing novel multifunctional nanovesicles: the impact of macrophage-targeted-pH-sensitive archaeosomes on a pulmonary surfactant. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8083-8095. [PMID: 32264647 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a NE-U22 vibrating mesh Omron nebulizer was used to deliver the Lissamine™ rhodamine B 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine triethylammonium salt (Rh-PE) and 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS)/p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) double-labelled macrophage-targeted pH-sensitive archaeosomes (ApH, 174 ± 48 nm, -30 ± 13 mV unilamellar nanovesicles made of dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine: [total polar archaeolipids from the hyperhalophile archaebacteria Halorubrum tebenquichense]: cholesteryl hemisuccinate 4.2 : 2.8 : 3 w : w : w) to J774A.1 cells covered by a Prosurf pulmonary surfactant (PS) monolayer at or below the equilibrium surface pressure πe. The uptake and cytoplasmic drug release from ApH were assessed by flow cytometry of Rh-PE and HPTS fluorescence, respectively. Despite being soft matter, nanovesicles are submitted to the dismantling interactions of shear stress of nebulization and contact with the surfactant barrier, and at least a fraction of nebulized ApH was found to be stable enough to execute higher cytoplasmic delivery than archaeolipid-lacking vesicles. Nebulized ApH increased the PS tensioactivity to just below πe, which was beyond the physiological range; this finding indicated that changes in lung surfactant function induced by nebulized nanovesicles were less likely to occur in vivo. The cytoplasmic delivery from ApH slightly decreased across monolayers at πe; this suggested that nanovesicles crossed the PS in a fashion inversely related to monolayer compression. Laurdan generalized polarization and fluorescence anisotropy were used to reveal that nanovesicles neither depleted B and C proteins of the PS nor increased the fluidity of the PS. Together with the feasibility of the cytoplasmic drug delivery upon nebulization, our results suggest that ApH are structurally unique nanovesicles that would not induce biophysical changes leading to PS inactivation and open the door to deeper future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Julia Altube
- Nanomedicine Research Program-2, Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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