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Fan J, Arrazolo LK, Du J, Xu H, Fang S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Kim JH, Wu X. Effects of Ionic Interferents on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanistic Insight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12823-12845. [PMID: 38954631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate, a prevalent water pollutant, poses substantial public health concerns and environmental risks. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (eNO3RR) has emerged as an effective alternative to conventional biological treatments. While extensive lab work has focused on designing efficient electrocatalysts, implementation of eNO3RR in practical wastewater settings requires careful consideration of the effects of various constituents in real wastewater. In this critical review, we examine the interference of ionic species commonly encountered in electrocatalytic systems and universally present in wastewater, such as halogen ions, alkali metal cations, and other divalent/trivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-/CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-). Notably, we categorize and discuss the interfering mechanisms into four groups: (1) loss of active catalytic sites caused by competitive adsorption and precipitation, (2) electrostatic interactions in the electric double layer (EDL), including ion pairs and the shielding effect, (3) effects on the selectivity of N intermediates and final products (N2 or NH3), and (4) complications by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and localized pH on the cathode surface. Finally, we summarize the competition among different mechanisms and propose future directions for a deeper mechanistic understanding of ionic impacts on eNO3RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie K Arrazolo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jildani SR, Keshavarzi E. Exploring the electrosorption and surface charge amplification at the ionic liquid/cavity interface: influence of imidazolium alkyl chain length and the size of the spherical cavities of the porous electrode. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Vernin NS, Gillespie D. Surface charge regulation using classical density functional theory: the effect of divalent potential determining ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1023-1031. [PMID: 36533726 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The charge regulation approach has been used to describe the charge of surfaces susceptible to the presence of protons and other ions. Conventionally, this model is used with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, which generally neglects the finite size of the ions and the electrostatic correlations. Recently, progress has been made by coupling charge regulation with classical density functional theory (DFT), which explicitly includes these correlations. However, little is known about charge regulation at surfaces with both acid-base equilibria and complexation with multivalent ions. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the role divalent ions play in charge regulation. Using DFT, we show that the size of the divalent ion has significant consequences on the surface charge density and it should not be neglected. For the surface reactions investigated, the larger the size of the divalent cation, the greater the charge on the surface due to higher divalent concentration there. At low divalent concentration, the ion correlations play a second-order but non-negligible role; using Poisson-Boltzmann theory with point ions cannot recover the DFT surface charge. At high concentrations, ion correlations play a dominant role by creating charge inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Salles Vernin
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Dirk Gillespie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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4
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Gong Y, Bai Y, Zhao D, Wang Q. Aggregation of carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoplastics in water with aluminum chloride: Structural characterization and theoretical calculation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117884. [PMID: 34837810 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) pollution of aquatic systems is becoming an emerging environmental issue due to their stable structure, high mobility, and easy interactions with ambient contaminants. Effective removal technologies are urgently needed to mitigate their toxic effects. In this study, we systematically investigated the removal effectiveness and mechanisms of a commonly detected nanoplastics, carboxyl-modified polystyrene (PS-COOH) via coagulation and sedimentation processes using aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a coagulant. PS-COOH appeared as clearly defined and discrete spherical nanoparticles in water with a hydrodynamic diameter of 50 nm. The addition of 10 mg/L AlCl3 compressed and even destroyed the negatively charged PS-COOH surface layer, decreased the energy barrier, and efficiently removed 96.6% of 50 mg/L PS-COOH. The dominant removal mechanisms included electrostatic adsorption and intermolecular interactions. Increasing the pH from 3.5 to 8.5 sharply enhanced the PS-COOH removal, whereas significant loss was observed at pH 10.0. High temperature (23 °C) favored the removal of PS-COOH compared to lower temperature (4 °C). High PS-COOH removal efficiency was observed over the salinity range of 0 - 35‰. The presence of positively charged Al2O3 did not affect the PS-COOH removal, while negatively charged SiO2 reduced the PS-COOH removal from 96.6% to 93.2%. Moreover, the coagulation and sedimentation process efficiently removed 90.2% of 50 mg/L PS-COOH in real surface water even though it was rich in inorganic ions and total organic carbon. The fast and efficient capture of PS-COOH by AlCl3 via a simple coagulation and sedimentation process provides a new insight for the treatment of NPs from aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Qilin Wang
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Prakash DJ, Denoyer L, Vangara R, Baca JM, van Swol F, Petsev DN. Classical density functional analysis of the ionic size effects on the properties of charge regulating electric double layers. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1937737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Prakash
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - L. Denoyer
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - R. Vangara
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J. M. Baca
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - F. van Swol
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D. N. Petsev
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Chen Z, Liu J, Chen C, Huang Z. Sedimentation of nanoplastics from water with Ca/Al dual flocculants: Characterization, interface reaction, effects of pH and ion ratios. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126450. [PMID: 32222522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), which are broken down from large pieces of plastics and caused water environment pollution, are becoming an emerging environmental problem due to their stable structure, high mobility, and easy interactions with ambient organic compounds. Separation of NPs by flocculation may be an effective approach for remediation of NPs contaminated-water. Aluminum ion has been used as a highly efficient flocculant in sewage treatment, and calcium ion also shows excellent sedimentation performance for impurities under high pH conditions. In this study, composite metal calcium-aluminum (Ca/Al) ions were used as flocculants, achieving a settling efficiency of NPs almost as high as 80%. The effects of pH and Ca/Al flocculant ratios on the zeta potentials, solution stability, as well as sedimentation efficiency of NPs were investigated. Results showed that the crystal formation of Ca/Al flocs increased with pH. The contact and adsorption mechanism of NPs by Ca/Al flocs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capture of NPs by Ca/Al flocculants could provide a new insight for the treatment of NPs from aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhujian Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Gillespie D, Petsev DN, van Swol F. Electric Double Layers with Surface Charge Regulation Using Density Functional Theory. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22020132. [PMID: 33285907 PMCID: PMC7516541 DOI: 10.3390/e22020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Surprisingly, the local structure of electrolyte solutions in electric double layers is primarily determined by the solvent. This is initially unexpected as the solvent is usually a neutral species and not a subject to dominant Coulombic interactions. Part of the solvent dominance in determining the local structure is simply due to the much larger number of solvent molecules in a typical electrolyte solution.The dominant local packing of solvent then creates a space left for the charged species. Our classical density functional theory work demonstrates that the solvent structural effect strongly couples to the surface chemistry, which governs the charge and potential. In this article we address some outstanding questions relating double layer modeling. Firstly, we address the role of ion-ion correlations that go beyond mean field correlations. Secondly we consider the effects of a density dependent dielectric constant which is crucial in the description of a electrolyte-vapor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Gillespie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Dimiter N. Petsev
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Frank van Swol
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Correspondence:
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9
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van Swol FB, Petsev DN. Solution Structure Effects on the Properties of Electric Double Layers with Surface Charge Regulation Assessed by Density Functional Theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13808-13820. [PMID: 30354143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of electrolyte solutions in electric double layers is primarily determined by the solvent, despite the fact that it is usually neutral and not subject to Coulombic interactions. The number of solvent molecules in a typical electrolyte solution may be significantly greater that the number of ions. Hence, the charged species compete for space with a much larger number of neutral molecules, which has a strong effect on the density distributions near charged surfaces. Even for very dilute electrolyte solutions, the density profiles resemble liquidlike structure, which is entirely due to the presence of the dense solvent. Our work demonstrates that the solvent structural effect strongly couples to the surface chemistry, which governs the charge and potential. We argue that a comprehensive statistical-mechanical approach, such as classical density functional theory that explicitly includes all solution species, in combination with a surface charge regulation condition at the interface, provides an excellent approach for describing charged interfaces. It allows for revealing important physical features and includes non-Coulombic contributions such as ionic and surface solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B van Swol
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Dimiter N Petsev
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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10
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Hartkamp R, Biance AL, Fu L, Dufrêche JF, Bonhomme O, Joly L. Measuring surface charge: Why experimental characterization and molecular modeling should be coupled. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Vangara R, van Swol F, Petsev DN. Solvophilic and solvophobic surfaces and non-Coulombic surface interactions in charge regulating electric double layers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044702. [PMID: 29390833 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of electric double layers are governed by the interface between the substrate and the adjacent electrolyte solution. This interface is involved in chemical, Coulombic, and non-Coulombic (e.g., van der Waals or Lennard-Jones) interactions with all components of the fluid phase. We present a detailed study of these interactions using a classical density functional approach. A particular focus is placed on the non-Coulombic interactions and their effect on the surface chemistry and charge regulation. The solution structure near the charged interface is also analyzed and used to offer a thorough interpretation of established concepts such as the Stern and diffuse ionic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vangara
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F van Swol
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - D N Petsev
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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12
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Vangara R, van Swol F, Petsev DN. Ionic solvation and solvent-solvent interaction effects on the charge and potential distributions in electric double layers. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:214704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5005060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Vangara
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F. van Swol
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - D. N. Petsev
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Trompette JL. Influence of Co-Ion Nature on the Gelation Kinetics of Colloidal Silica Suspensions. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5654-5659. [PMID: 28541689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the nature of three representative monovalent co-ions on the gelation kinetics of Ludox suspensions has been investigated. At a given Ludox volume fraction and for the same concentration of potassium salt, the gelation time is longer as the studied anion presents a more pronounced kosmotrope character. As the screening of the silica surface charge is similar since the same cationic counterion is taken, these results highlight the unexpected role played by hydration effects imparted by the co-ions when particles are pushed together as gelation proceeds. This reveals that jamming transitions of nanoparticle fluids may be finely tuned by changing the co-ion nature in spite of the fact that the cationic counterion is the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Trompette
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503 , 4 allée Emile Monso, BP 84234, Toulouse 31432, France
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