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Chen J, Long W, Dong B, Cao W, Yuhang X, Meng Y, Xiaoqin C. Hexagonal liquid crystalline system containing Cinnamaldehyde for enhancement of skin permeation of Sinomenine hydrochloride. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:684-694. [PMID: 35880620 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) is usually applied to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with severe side effect due to oral administration. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) as essential oil possesses anti-RA effect and can facilitate transdermal penetration. Hence, this study developed hexagonal liquid crystalline (HII) gels to deliver two components (SH and CA) across the skins. HII gels were prepared and characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology. Moreover, in vitro drug release behavior and ex vivo skin permeation were investigated. Finally, Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FTIR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to explore the skin penetration mechanism. PLM and SAXS showed that the inner structure of the gels was HII phase. The addition of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecule slowed down one another's release and the release model was dominated by Fickian diffusion (n< 0.43). Furthermore, in vitro permeation studies indicated that appropriate CA could improve the skin permeability of SH. FTIR and CLSM suggested that infiltration occurred due to disruption of the lipid bilayer structure and increased fluidity of the skin. In conclusion, HII gels and CA exhibited a penetration-promoting effect for transdermal applications in SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Baoqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wenxuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xu Yuhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chu Xiaoqin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China
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2
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Enhanced treatment of cerebral ischemia-Reperfusion injury by intelligent nanocarriers through the regulation of neurovascular units. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:314-326. [PMID: 35588994 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is one of the major causes of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke, and drug development focuses mainly on single neuron protection. However, different kinds of cells in the neurovascular units (NVUs), including neurons, microglia and vascular endothelial cells, are pathologically changed after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in an urgent need to develop a drug delivery system to comprehensively protect the kinds of cells involved in the NVU. Herein, we have constructed a c(RGDyK) peptide modified, NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)-loaded and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) stimuli-responsive liposomal nanocarrier (R-Lipo-CAPE) to target ischemic lesions and then remodel the NVU to reduce the progression of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The R-Lipo-CAPE liposomes were approximately 170 nm with a zeta potential of -30.8 ± 0.2 mV. The in vitro CAPE release behavior from R-Lipo-CAPE showed an RNS-dependent pattern. For in vivo studies, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) model mice treated with R-Lipo-CAPE had the least neurological impairment and decreased brain tissue damage, with an infarct area of 13%, compared with those treated with saline of 53% or free CAPE of 38%. Furthermore, microglia in the ischemic brain were polarized to the tissue-repairing M2 phenotype after R-Lipo-CAPE treatment. In addition, R-Lipo-CAPE-treated mice displayed a prominent down-regulated expression of MMP-9 and restored expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5. This proof-of-concept indicates that R-Lipo-CAPE is a promising nanomedicine for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the regulation of neurovascular units. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Based on the complex mechanism and difficulty in treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the overall regulation of neurovascular unit has become an extremely important target. However, little nanomedicine has been directed to remodel the neurovascular units in targeted cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy. Here, c(RGDyK) peptide modified reactive nitrogen species (RNS) stimuli-responsive liposomal nanocarrier loaded with a NF-κB inhibitor (CAPE), was designed to simultaneously regulate various cells in the microenvironment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to remodel the neurovascular units. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that the intelligent nanocarrier exerted the ability of pathological signal stimuli-responsive drug release, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury site targeting and neurovascular units remodeling through reducing neuron apoptosis, regulating microglia polarization and repairing vascular endothelial cell. Overall, the intelligent liposomal drug delivery system was a promising and safe nanomedicine in the perspective of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury treatment.
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Liu J, Xu Y. NO x absorption and conversion by ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124503. [PMID: 33218907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used as absorbents and catalysts for NOx absorption and conversion due to their low toxicity, low energy consumption and excellent reusability. The capacity and absorption mechanism of NOx absorption by ILs are presented in this paper. Generally, NOx are physically absorbed by conventional ILs such as imidazolium-based ILs. The absorption capacity is as follows: NO2>NO>N2O, which is in good agreement with the binding energy between NOx and ILs. Furthermore, low temperature, high pressure and large cation volume are favorable for NOx absorption. The strategies of enhancing NOx capacity through functionalized ILs with metal-containing anions (e.g. [FeCl4]2-), amine groups, sulfonate and carboxylate anions are also concluded. Active N or O sites in functionalized ILs can react with the dimer of NO (N2O2), resulting in high capacity. Moreover, introducing electron-withdrawing substituents such as chlorine and bromine into carboxylate or sulfonate anions reduces desorption residue. Besides NOx absorption, ILs with [NO3]- can activate NO and efficiently catalyze its conversion into HNO3 in the presence of O2 and H2O, and have better performance than ILs with [Cl]-, [Ac]- and [CF3SO3]-, which is attributed to the strong oxidization capability of [NO3]-. In addition, low temperature and high O2 content can further improve NO conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
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Chu X, Wang X, Tian C, Liu L, Xia M, Jiang J, Gui S. Dual drug-loaded cubic liquid crystal gels for transdermal delivery: inner structure and percutaneous mechanism evaluations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1879-1888. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1672716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Lu C, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Sun F, Qiu Y, Mu H, Duan J. Hyaluronic acid-based levofloxacin nanomicelles for nitric oxide-triggered drug delivery to treat bacterial infections. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115479. [PMID: 31826506 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are powerful weapons to fight against bacterial infections, while most of them lack of selective targeting towards pathological site which could restrict their antibacterial efficacy. To overcome this challenge, an antimicrobial levofloxacin(LF)was conjugated onto hyaluronic acid (HA) moieties via an o-phenylenediamine linker to prepare a NO-sensitive nanosystem (HA-NO-LF) in this study. The HA-NO-LF nanomicelles could enter host cells via a CD44 mediated endocytosis and release drug gradually upon exposure to endogenous NO. Furthermore, the more promising therapeutic effect of the nanomicelles in ameliorating inflammatory levels was observed in a mouse pneumonia model than that of LF. These results suggest that the HA-NO-LF nanomicelles may exert potent curative effect in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Lu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinyin Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanhao Qiu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Mu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang L, Chang Y, Feng Y, Li X, Cheng Y, Jian H, Ma X, Zheng R, Wu X, Xu K, Zhang H. Nitric Oxide Stimulated Programmable Drug Release of Nanosystem for Multidrug Resistance Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6800-6811. [PMID: 31466437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) molecular messenger can reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) effect of cancer cells through reducing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression, beneficial for creating a favorable microenvironment for the treatment of doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant cancer cells. Development of sophisticated nanosystems to programmably release NO and Dox becomes an efficient strategy to overcome the MDR obstacles and achieve promising therapeutic effects in Dox-resistant cancer. Herein, a NO stimulated nanosystem was designed to engineer a significant time gap between NO and Dox release, promoting MDR cancer therapy. A o-phenylenediamine-containing lipid that can hydrolyze in response to NO was embedded in the phospholipid bilayer structure of liposome to form NO-responsive liposome, which could further encapsulate l-arginine (l-Arg)/Dox-loaded gold@copper sulfide yolk-shell nanoparticls (ADAu@CuS YSNPs) to form ADLAu@CuS YSNPs. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the unique resonant energy transfer (RET) process and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the confined space of ADLAu@CuS YSNPs could effectively convert l-Arg into NO, regionally destabilizing the phospholipid bilayer structure, as a result of NO release. However, at this early stage Dox could not be released from YSNPs due to the molecular scaffold limit. As the NO release progressed, the NO-responsive liposome layer was deteriorated more severely, allowing Dox to escape. This NO and Dox sequential release of ADLAu@CuS YSNPs could significantly inhibit P-gp expression and enhance Dox accumulation in Dox-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells, leading to promising in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects and presenting their great potential for MDR cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
| | - Yun Chang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanlin Feng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
| | - Hui Jian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Life Science , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Keqiang Xu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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Cheng J, He K, Shen Z, Zhang G, Yu Y, Hu J. Nitric Oxide (NO)-Releasing Macromolecules: Rational Design and Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2019; 7:530. [PMID: 31403044 PMCID: PMC6676249 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been recognized as a ubiquitous gaseous transmitter and the therapeutic potential has nowadays received increasing interest. However, NO cannot be easily directly administered due to its high reactivity in air and high concentration-dependent physiological roles. As such, a plethora of NO donors have been developed that can reversibly store and release NO under specific conditions. To enhance the stability and modulate the NO release profiles, small molecule-based NO donors were covalently linked to polymeric scaffolds, rendering them with multifunctional integration, prolonged release durations, and optimized therapeutic outcomes. In this minireview, we highlight the recent achievements of NO-releasing macromolecules in terms of chemical design and biomedical applications. We hope that more efforts could be devoted to this emerging yet promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kewu He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Mendozza M, Caselli L, Montis C, Orazzini S, Carretti E, Baglioni P, Berti D. Inorganic nanoparticles modify the phase behavior and viscoelastic properties of non-lamellar lipid mesophases. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 541:329-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang J, Xia M, Liu L, Tian C, Hu R, Gui S, Chu X. Self-assembled hexagonal liquid crystalline gels as novel ocular formulation with enhanced topical delivery of pilocarpine nitrate. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:31-41. [PMID: 30878587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to develop hexagonal liquid crystalline (HII) gels that can be used as a novel ocular delivery system for pilocarpine nitrate (PN). HII gels were prepared by a vortex method using phytantriol/triglyceride/water (71.15: 3.85: 26, w/w) ternary system. The gels were characterized by crossed polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and rheology. And, in vitro drug release behavior and ex vivo corneal permeation were investigated. Finally, preocular residence time evaluation, eye irritation test, histological examination and miotic tests were studied in vivo and compared with carbopol gel. Based on various characterization techniques, the inner structure of the gels were HII mesophase and exhibited a pseudoplastic fluid behaviour. In vitro release results revealed that PN could be released continuously from HII gel over a period of 24 h. The ex vivo apparent permeability coefficient of HII gel was 3.15-fold (P < 0.01) higher than that of the Carbopol gel. Compared with Carbopol gel, HII gel displayed longer residence time on the eyeballs surface using fluorescent labeling technology. Furthermore, the HII gel caused no ocular irritation was estimated by corneal hydration levels, Draize test and histological inspection. Additionally, in vivo miotic study showed that HII gel had a remarkably long-lasting decrease in the pupil diameter of rabbits. In conclusion, HII gels would be a promising sustained-release formulation for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Gui S, Huang J, Cao J, Li Z, Li Q, Chu X. Characterization of Lipid-Based Lyotropic Liquid Crystal and Effects of Guest Molecules on Its Microstructure: a Systematic Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2023-2040. [PMID: 29869308 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are conventionally divided into thermotropic or lyotropic, based on the organization and sequence of the controlled molecular system. Lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), such as lamellar (Lα), bicontinuous cubic (QII), or hexagonal (HII) phases, have attracted wide interest in the last few decades due to their practical potential in diverse applications and notable structural complexity. Various guest molecules, such as biopharmaceuticals, chemicals, and additives, can be solubilized in either aqueous or oily phase. And the LLC microstructure can be altered to affect the rate of drug release eventually. To utilize these microstructural variations to adjust the drug release in drug delivery system (DDS), it is crucial to understand the structure variations of the LLC caused by different types of guest molecules. Therefore, in this article, we review the effect of guest molecules on lipid-based LLC microstructures. In particular, we focus on the different characterization methods to evaluate this change caused by guest substances, such as polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (SD-NMR), and so on.
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