1
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Liu Z, Ma L, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Man J, Siwy ZS, Qiu Y. Dynamic Response of Ionic Current in Conical Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30496-30505. [PMID: 38830306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic current rectification (ICR) of charged conical nanopores has various applications in fields including nanofluidics, biosensing, and energy conversion, whose function is closely related to the dynamic response of nanopores. The occurrence of ICR originates from the ion enrichment and depletion in conical pores, whose formation is found to be affected by the scanning rate of voltages. Here, through time-dependent simulations, we investigate the variation of ion current under electric fields and the dynamic formation of ion enrichment and depletion, which can reflect the response time of conical nanopores. The response time of nanopores when ion enrichment forms, i.e., at the "on" state is significantly longer than that with the formation of ion depletion, i.e., at the "off" state. Our simulation results reveal the regulation of response time by different nanopore parameters including the surface charge density, pore length, tip, and base radius, as well as the applied conditions such as the voltage and bulk concentration. The response time of nanopores is closely related to the surface charge density, pore length, voltage, and bulk concentration. Our uncovered dynamic response mechanism of the ionic current can guide the design of nanofluidic devices with conical nanopores, including memristors, ionic switches, and rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jiakun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jia Man
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yinghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Tang L, Hao Y, Peng L, Liu R, Zhou Y, Li J. Ion current rectification properties of non-Newtonian fluids in conical nanochannels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2895-2906. [PMID: 38170851 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ionic current rectification generated by the geometric asymmetry of conical nanochannels has gradually attracted attention, but most studies have been limited to Newtonian fluids. In this study, the ionic current rectification characteristics in conical nanochannels filled with non-Newtonian fluids are investigated by numerical simulations. Electroosmotic flow and ion transport in Sisko fluids are solved using the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations and the Navier-Stokes equations. The effects of the Debye parameter, power-law indexes and applied voltage on the ionic current, axial potential, ion concentration, radial velocity and rectification ratio in the nanopores are investigated. When κRt = 1, the current rectification ratio increases with the increase of the power-law index. However, when κRt = 6, the current rectification ratio first increases and then decreases with the increase of the power law index, reaching the maximum value at n = 1.0. These findings have positive implications for the construction of some nanodevices such as nanofluidic diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Li Peng
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Runxin Liu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
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3
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Bhaskar B, Bhattacharyya S. Numerical study supplemented with simplified model on electrophoresis of a hydrophobic colloid incorporating finite ion size effects and ion-solvent interactions. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:403-416. [PMID: 36377510 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We consider a modified electrokinetic model to study the electrophoresis of a hydrophobic particle by considering the finite sized ions. The mathematical model adopted in this study incorporates the ion steric repulsion, ion-solvent interactions as well as Maxwell stress on the electrolyte. The dielectric permittivity and viscosity of the electrolyte is considered to vary with the local ionic volume fraction. Based on this modified model for the electrokinetics we have analyzed the electrophoresis in a single as well as mixture of electrolytes of monovalent and non- z : z $z:z$ electrolytes. The dependence of viscosity on local ionic volume fraction modifies the hydrodynamic drag as well as diffusivity of ions, which are ignored in existing studies on electrophoresis. A simplified model for electrophoresis of a hydrophobic particle incorporating the ion steric repulsion and ion-solvent interactions is developed based on the first-order perturbation on applied electric field. This simplified model is established to be efficient for a Debye layer thinner than the particle size and a smaller range of slip length. This model can be implemented for any number of ionic species as well as non- z : z $z:z$ electrolytes. It is established that the ion steric interactions and dielectric decrement creates a counterion saturation in the Debye layer leading to an enhanced mobility compared to the standard model. However, experimental data for non-dilute cases often under predicts the theoretically determined mobility. The present modified model fills this lacuna and demonstrate that the consideration of finite ion size modifies the medium viscosity and hence, ionic mobility, which in combination lowers the mobility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Bhaskar
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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4
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Effect of Surface Charge Gradient on the Concentration Difference Driven Energy Conversion in Nanochannel. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Chuang PY, Hsu JP. Influence of shape and charged conditions of nanopores on their ionic current rectification, electroosmotic flow, and selectivity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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6
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Mahapatra P, Ohshima H, Gopmandal PP. Effect of hydrodynamic slip on the electrophoresis of hydrophobic spherical particles in a solution of general electrolytes. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Yang YC, Hsu JP. Nanopore-Based Detection of Trace Concentrations of Multivalent Ions When Impurity Ions Are Present. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11022-11032. [PMID: 36044592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of detecting a trace concentration of multivalent ions based on the ionic current rectification (ICR) of a nanopore when impurity ions might present is assessed. Adopting a bullet-shaped nanopore surface modified with tannic acid as an example, the detection of trace concentrations of Cu2+ (target ion) when Fe3+ (impurity) is present with K+ as background ions under various conditions is simulated. In particular, the influence of the reaction order of the association of target ions and tannic acid on the nanopore performance is examined. We show that the lower the background concentration the better the detection performance. For the examined background concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mM, the optimal detection ranges are [0.5, 1000 μM] and [1, 1000 nM] for Cu2+ and Fe3+, respectively. The detection limits, 0.5 μM for Cu2+ and 1 nM for Fe3+, are lower than those that can be obtained from conventional instruments, suggesting the potential of applying the present nanopore-based approach. In addition, we also consider the presence of multiple ions, which can occur, for example, in detecting Cu2+ (target ion) when Fe3+ (impurity) might present or vice versa with K+ as background ions. The competitive adsorption of these three kinds of ions can yield complicated ICR behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Barman SS, Bhattacharyya S. Finite ion size and ion permittivity effects on gel electrophoresis of a soft particle. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Chung CY, Hsu JP. Nanosensing of Acetylcholine Molecules: Influence of the Association Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:289-298. [PMID: 34962808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A bullet-shaped nanopore surface modified by two polyelectrolyte (PE) layers, an inner polyethyleneimine (PEI) layer and an outer p-sulfonatocalix[4]-arene (SCX4) layer, is applied to sense trace levels of acetylcholine (Ach) molecules. We show that the higher the order of the association reaction of Ach with SCX4, the smaller the difference between the ionic current when Ach is present and that when it is absent, and so is the difference in the space charge density. In addition, the larger the binding constant K of that reaction, the lower the detection limit but narrower the detection range. Choosing pH 7 is most appropriate because if the pH is low, the concentration polarization of H+ is significant, and as it gets high, both PE layers become uncharged. At pH 7 and K = 2 × 107 L/mol, the detection limit of the nanopore ranges from 1 to 10 nM, which is orders of magnitude lower than that of the other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Li J, Li D. A surface charge governed nanofluidic diode based on a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanochannel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:54-63. [PMID: 33831750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanofluidic diodes have attracted intense attention recently. Commonly used materials to design these devices are membrane-based short nanopores and aligned Carbon nanotube bundles. It is highly desirable and very challenging to develop a nanofluidic diode based on a single PDMS nanochannel which is easier to be introduced into an integrated electronic system on a chip. Layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of charged polyelectrolytes can change the size and surface properties of PDMS nanochannels that provides new possibilities to develop high-performance nanofluidic based on PDMS nanochannels. EXPERIMENTS A novel design of nanofluidic diode is presented by controlling the surface charges and sizes of single PDMS nanochannels by surface modification using polyelectrolytes. Polybrene (PB) and Dextran sulfate (DS) are used to reduce the PDMS nanochannel size to meet the requirement of ion gating by LBL method and generate opposite surface charges at the ends of nanochannels. The parameters of such a nanofluidic diode are investigated systematically. FINDINGS This nanofluidic diode developed in this work has high effective current rectification performance. The rectification ratio can be as high as 218 which is the best ever reported in PB/DS modified nanochannels. This rectification ratio reduces with high voltage frequency and ionic concentration whereas increases in shorter nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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11
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Space charge modulation and ion current rectification of a cylindrical nanopore functionalized with polyelectrolyte brushes subject to an applied pH-gradient. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:571-581. [PMID: 34340041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Considering versatile potential applications of bioinspired membranes, we simulate the electrokinetic behavior of a cylindrical nanopore, surface modified by a polyelectrolyte (PE) layer. Taking account of the effect of electroosmotic flow and an additionally applied pH gradient, the influences of the strength of the pH gradient, the PE layer thickness, the length of the nanopore and its radius on its conductance and ion current rectification (ICR) performance are assessed. We show that if pHU (the pH at the higher pH end of the nanopore) is fixed at 11 and pHL (the pH at the lower pH end of the nanopore) varies from 3 to 11, the rectification factor Rf has a local maximum occurring in 6 < pHL <8; the greater the magnitude of the applied potential bias |V| the smaller the pHL at which the local maximum occurs. The influence of the PE layer thickness on the nanopore rectification performance is important only if 5 < pHL <8, and the optimum performance is reached at a medium thick PE layer (ca. 3 nm). Possible mechanisms associated with the ion transport phenomenon under consideration are proposed and discussed in detail.
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12
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Pandey D, Bhattacharyya S. Impact of finite ion size, Born energy difference and dielectric decrement on the electroosmosis of multivalent ionic mixtures in a nanotube. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Wu CT, Hsu JP. Electrokinetic behavior of bullet-shaped nanopores modified by functional groups: Influence of finite thickness of modified layer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:741-751. [PMID: 32911418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined theoretically the electrokinetic behavior of a bullet-shaped nanopore modified by a functional layer, focusing on the influence of its thickness. The nanopore contains both fixed surface charge coming from the original bare surface, and space fixed charge from the modified layer. The results of numerical simulation reveal that the presence of this layer is crucial to the electrokinetic behavior of the nanopore. In particular, its softness is capable of influencing ionic profiles through electroosmotic flow (EOF). Unlike a conical nanopore where its surface normal vector is constant, that of the present bullet-shaped nanopore varies along the pore axis, thereby affecting the degree of EOF, which in turn, can make the ionic profile inside the modified layer more uniform. This is crucial to the applications of the nanopore, for example, in mimicking biological membranes and sensing metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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14
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Zhou T, Ge J, Shi L, Liu Z, Deng Y, Peng Y, He X, Tang R, Wen L. Electrokinetic Translocation of a Deformable Nanoparticle through a Nanopore. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5160-5168. [PMID: 35021692 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nanopore-based biosensing technology is built up on the fluctuation of the ionic current induced by the electrokinetic translation of a particle penetrating the nanopore. It is expected that the current change of a deformable bioparticle is dissimilar from that of a rigid one. This study theoretically investigated the transient translocation process of a deformable particle through a nanopore for the first time. The mathematical model considers the Poisson equation for the electric potential, the Nernst-Planck equations for the ionic transport, the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field, and the stress-strain equation for the dynamics of the deformable bioparticle. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is used for the fully coupled particle-fluid dynamic interaction. Results show that the deformation degree of the particle, the velocity deviation, and the current is different from the rigid particle. The deformation degree of the particle will reach the maximum when the particle passes a nanopore. Because of the deformation of particles, the total force applied on deformable particles is larger than that of rigid particles, resulting in larger velocity deviation and current deviation. The influences of the ratio of the nanoparticle radius to the Debye length and surface charge density of the nanopore are also studied. The research results illustrate the translocation mechanism of a deformable nanoparticle in the nanopore, which can provide theoretical guidance for the biosensing technology based on the nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Ge
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yinyin Peng
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohan He
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Rongnian Tang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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15
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Hou J, Ou R, Zhu Y, Li X, Jiang L, Wang H. Effect of Anion Species on Ion Current Rectification Properties of Positively Charged Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28915-28922. [PMID: 32460478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological ion channels can realize delicate mass transport under complicated physiological conditions. Artificial nanochannels can achieve biomimetic ion current rectification (ICR), gating, and selectivity that are mostly performed in pure salt solutions. Synthetic nanochannels that can function under mixed ion systems are highly desirable, yet their performances are hard to be compared to those under pure systems. Seeking out the potential reasons by investigating the effect of mixed-system components on the ion-transport properties of the constructed nanochannels seems necessary and important. Herein, we report the effect of anions with different charges and sizes on the ICR properties of positively charged nanochannels. Among the investigated anions, the low-valent anions showed no impact on the ICR direction, while the high-valent component ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)64-] caused significant ICR inversion. The ICR inversion mechanism is evidenced to result from the adsorption of Fe(CN)64--induced surface charge reversal, which relates to solution concentration, pH conditions, and nanochannel sizes and applies to both aminated and quaternized nanochannels that are positively charged. Noticeably, Fe(CN)64- is found to interfere with the transport of protein molecules in the nanochannel. This work points out that the ion species from mixed systems would potentially impact the intrinsic ICR properties of the nanochannels. Replacing highly charged counterions with organic components would be promising in building up future nanochannel-based mass transport systems running under mixed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ranwen Ou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yinlong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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16
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Wang C, Zhao XP, Liu FF, Chen Y, Xia XH, Li J. Dendrimer-Au Nanoparticle Network Covered Alumina Membrane for Ion Rectification and Enhanced Bioanalysis. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1846-1854. [PMID: 32091912 PMCID: PMC7307958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport in an artificial asymmetric nanoporous membrane, which is similar to biological ion channels, can be used for biosensing. Here, a dendrimer-Au nanoparticle network (DAN) is in situ assembled on a nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surface, forming a DAN/AAO hybrid membrane. Benefiting from the high surface area and anion selectivity of DAN, the prepared DAN/AAO hybrid presents selective ion transport. Under a bias potential, a diode-like current-potential (I-V) response is observed. The obtained ionic current rectification (ICR) property can be tuned by the ion valence and pH value of the electrolyte. The rectified ionic current endows the as-prepared DAN/AAO hybrid with the ability of enhanced bioanalysis. Sensitive capture and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with a detection limit of 80 cells mL-1 as well as excellent reusability can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- E-mail:
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department
of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- E-mail:
| | - Ju Li
- Department
of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- E-mail:
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17
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Sachar HS, Sivasankar VS, Etha SA, Chen G, Das S. Ionic current in nanochannels grafted with pH-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes modeled using augmented strong stretching theory. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:554-561. [PMID: 31541559 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we provide a theory to quantify the ionic current ( i ion ) in nanochannels grafted with pH-responsive polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes. We consider the PE brushes to be modeled by our recently proposed augmented strong stretching theory (SST) model that improves the existing SST models by incorporating the effects of excluded volume interactions and an extended mass action law. Use of such augmented SST for this problem implies that this is the first study on computing i ion in PE brush-grafted nanochannels accounting for the appropriate coupled configuration-electrostatic description of the PE brushes. i ion is obtained as functions of PE brush grafting density, medium pH and salt concentration ( c ∞ ), and the density of polyelectrolyte chargeable sites (PECS). For large c ∞ , i ion increases linearly with c ∞ (as for such c ∞ , i ion becomes independent of the PE charge and is dominated by the bulk mobility and number density of the electrolyte ions), whereas i ion is independent of c ∞ at small c ∞ (where the electric double layer electrostatics and the total number of ions in the system is dominated by the hydrogen ions). We further witness an enhancement of i ion for smaller pH and larger grafting density at low and moderate c ∞ , while there is little to no effect of the PECS density on the ionic current except for weakly grafted brushes at low c ∞ . We anticipate that this study will serve as a theoretical foundation for a large number of applications that are based on the brush-induced modification of the ionic current in a nanochannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Singh Sachar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Sai Ankit Etha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Zhang X, Han X, Qian S, Yang Y, Hu N. Tuning Ion Transport through a Nanopore by Self-Oscillating Chemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4600-4607. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Xianwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Yuanjian Yang
- School of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Ning Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
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Voltage-controlled ion transport and selectivity in a conical nanopore functionalized with pH-tunable polyelectrolyte brushes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:496-504. [PMID: 30469118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemically functionalized bioinspired nanopores are widely adopted to control the ionic transport for various purposes. A detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms is not only desirable but also necessary for device design and experimental data interpretation. Here, the conductance and the ion selectivity of a conical nanopore surface modified by a polyelectrolyte (PE) layer are studied through adjusting the pH, the bulk salt concentration, and the level of the applied potential bias. Possible mechanisms are proposed and discussed in detail. We show that the conductance is sensitive to the variation in the solution pH. The ion selectivity of the nanopore is influenced significantly by both the solution pH and the level of the applied potential bias. In particular, a cation-selective nanopore might become anion-selective through raising the applied potential bias. The ion transport behavior can be tuned easily by adjusting the level of pH, salt concentration, and applied potential bias, thereby providing useful information for the design of nanopore-based sensing devices.
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