1
|
Ge Y, Liu H, Peng S, Zhou L, McClements DJ, Liu W, Luo J. Formation, stability, and antimicrobial efficacy of eutectic nanoemulsions containing thymol and glycerin monolaurate. Food Chem 2024; 453:139689. [PMID: 38781902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, based on the discovery of thymol/glycerol monolaurate (GML) eutectic solvent, we studied the effect of GML as a multi-functional component (ripening inhibitor and antibacterial agent) on the formation, stability and antibacterial activity of eutectic nanoemulsions, and investigated the preservation of nanoemulsion in fresh pork. These results indicated that the formation of eutectic solvent was due to the hydrogen bonding between thymol and GML in the molten state. And eutectic nanoemulsions prepared with medium GML concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) of eutectic solvents as oil phases had small droplet diameters (<150 nm), exhibited sustained-release characteristics, and had excellent physicochemical stability. Moreover, the addition of GML enhanced the antibacterial activity of thymol nanoemulsion against S. aureus. as seen by their ability to inhibit affect formation more effectively. Treatment of fresh pork with optimized eutectic nanoemulsions (40% thymol/60% GML) extended its shelf life during refrigeration, which was mainly attributed to the ability of the encapsulated essential oil to inhibit microbial growth and lipid oxidation. These results provide a novel strategy to control Ostwald ripening and maintain the high antibacterial activity of thymol in nanoemulsion-based delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Ge
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengfeng Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang J, Yin Z, Zhang T, Yang W, Fang T, Wang Y, Guo N. Preparation and characterization of carvacrol/ε-polylysine loaded antimicrobial nanobilayer emulsion and its application in mango preservation. Food Chem 2024; 446:138831. [PMID: 38402759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Carvacrol is well-known natural antimicrobial compounds. However, its usage in fruit preservation is restricted owing to poor water solubility. Our study aims to address this limitation by combining carvacrol with whey protein isolate (WPI) to form nanoemulsion and enhancing antimicrobial properties and stability of nanoemulsion through ε-polylysine addition, thereby improving their application in fruit preservation. The results indicated that the nanoemulsion exhibited a double-layer structure. The physicochemical properties and storage stability were found to be favorable under the conditions of WPI (0.3 wt% v/v), Carvacrol (0.5 % v/v), and ε-polylysine (0.3 wt% v/v). In addition, the nanoemulsion had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger at concentrations of minimal inhibition concentration (32, 32, and 200 μg/mL, respectively). In addition, during a 7-day storage period, the nanoemulsion effectively preserved mangoes. Therefore, nanoemulsion could serve as a candidate for control of postharvest mangoes spoilage and extend its period of storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhuofan Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Weicong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianqi Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duarte ABS, Perez-Castillo Y, da Nóbrega Alves D, de Castro RD, de Souza RL, de Sousa DP, Oliveira EE. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of methyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate loaded nanoemulsion. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:25-39. [PMID: 38135805 PMCID: PMC10920570 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of free methyl 3,5 dinitrobenzoate (MDNB) and its nanoemulsion (MDNB-NE) against strains of Candida albicans. Additionally, a molecular modeling study was also carried out to propose the mechanism of action and toxicity of MDNB. These results demonstrated the MDNB-NE presented a droplet size of 181.16 ± 3.20 nm and polydispersity index of 0.30 ± 0.03. MDNB and MDNB-NE inhibited the growth of all strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.27-1.10 mM. The biological results corroborated the molecular model, which pointed to a multi-target antifungal mechanism of action for MDNB in C. albicans. The study could serve as a basis for further research involving compounds with nitro groups with antifungal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allana Brunna Sucupira Duarte
- Post Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture, Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture, Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jamir Y, Bhushan M, Sanjukta R, Robindro Singh L. Plant-based essential oil encapsulated in nanoemulsions and their enhanced therapeutic applications: An overview. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:415-433. [PMID: 37941510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, studies on the formulation of nanoemulsions have been the focus of attention due to their potential applicability in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agricultural industries. Nanoemulsions can be formulated using ingredients approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which assures their safety profiles to a great extent. Bioactive compounds such as essential oils although have strong biological properties and antimicrobial compounds, their usage is restricted due to their high volatility, instability, and hydrophobic nature. Therefore, nanoemulsion as carrier vehicle can be used to encapsulate essential oils to obtain stable and enhanced physicochemical characteristics of the essential oils. This review details the structure, formulation, and characterization techniques used for nanoemulsions, with a focus on the essential oil-based nanoemulsions which have the potential to be used as antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangerdenla Jamir
- Department of Nanotechnology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mayank Bhushan
- Department of Nanotechnology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rajkumari Sanjukta
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu Z, Sun D. Nanoemulsions Stable against Ostwald Ripening. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1364-1372. [PMID: 38175958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ostwald ripening, the dominant mechanism of droplet size growth for an O/W nanoemulsion at high surfactant concentrations, depends on micelles in the water phase and high aqueous solubility of oil, especially for spontaneously formed nanoemulsions. In our study, O/W nanoemulsions were formed spontaneously by mixing a water phase with an oil phase containing fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether (APE). By monitoring periodically the droplet size of the nanoemulsions via dynamic light scattering, we demonstrated that the formed O/W nanoemulsions are stable against Ostwald ripening, i.e., droplet growth. In contrast, the nanoemulsion droplets grew with the addition of micelles, demonstrating the pivotal role of the presence of micelles in the water phase in the occurrence of Ostwald ripening. The influence of the initial phase of APE, the oil or water phase in which APE is present, on the micelle formation is discussed by the partition coefficient and interfacial adsorption of APE between the oil and water phase using a surface and interfacial tensiometer. In addition, the spontaneously formed O/W nanoemulsion, which is stable against Ostwald ripening, can be used as a nanocarrier for the delivery of water-insoluble pesticides. These results provide a novel approach for the preparation of stable nanoemulsions and contribute to elucidating the mechanism of instability of nanoemulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Petralito S, Garzoli S, Ovidi E, Laghezza Masci V, Trilli J, Bigi B, Di Muzio L, Carriero VC, Casadei MA, Paolicelli P. Long-Term Stability of Lavandula x intermedia Essential Oil Nanoemulsions: Can the Addition of the Ripening Inhibitor Impact the Biocidal Activity of the Nanoformulations? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:108. [PMID: 38258118 PMCID: PMC10821147 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, Lavandula x intermedia essential oil (LEO) was encapsulated in lipid-based nanoemulsions (NanoLEO) using the solvent-displacement technique. In order to preserve the colloidal stability of the formulation, LEO was appropriately doped with the incorporation of different levels of a water-insoluble oil used as a ripening inhibitor. All the nanoemulsion samples were evaluated in terms of the impact of the water-insoluble oil on the nanoemulsion formation, physical-chemical properties, and antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli (Gram-negative) and B. cereus (Gram-positive). The presence of the inert oil added benefits to the formulations in terms of appearance, colloidal stability, and loss of volatile components. However, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsions dramatically decreased with the ripening inhibitor addition, probably because it hampered the internalization of the antimicrobial components of LEO within the bacterial cell membranes, thus nullifying the delivery ability of the nanoemulsion formulation. On the contrary, the undoped NanoLEO formulation showed unaltered antibacterial activity in both E. coli and B. cereus up to 40 weeks from the preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petralito
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.O.); (V.L.M.)
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.O.); (V.L.M.)
| | - Jordan Trilli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Barbara Bigi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Laura Di Muzio
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Vito Cosimo Carriero
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Casadei
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alencar-Luciano W, Magnani M, Martín-Belloso O, Salvia-Trujillo L. Effect of digestible versus non-digestible citral nanoemulsions on human gut microorganisms: An in vitro digestion study. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113313. [PMID: 37803624 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil (EO) nanoemulsions have been recently studied due to their antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their possible negative effect against human gut microorganisms during their passage though the gastrointestinal tract. This work studied the effect of digestible (corn oil) or non-digestible (paraffin oil) citral nanoemulsions against specific microorganisms of human microflora under in vitro digestion conditions. The use of a citral lipid carrier (paraffin oil or corn oil) decreased the nanoemulsion particle size and increased its stability after gastric conditions with regards to the pure citral nanoemulsions. Digestible nanoemulsions formulated with corn oil and citral presented a lower bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli after being subjected to in vitro digestion conditions in comparison to the initial nanoemulsion. However, a non-digestible nanoemulsion formulated with paraffin oil and citral presented a similar antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus and E. coli to the one of the initial nanoemulsion. This evidences that non-digestible nanoemulsions may entrap the citral in the lipid core and thus retaining its antimicrobial potential during their passage though the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, this work evidences the impact of the lipid carrier digestibility when formulating antimicrobial nanoemulsions on certain intestinal probiotic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Alencar-Luciano
- Departament of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Departament of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Departament of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio - CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Salvia-Trujillo
- Departament of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Agrotecnio - CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mao C, Soda Y, Robinson KJ, Forrest T, Bakker E. Mass Transfer from Ion-Sensing Component-Loaded Nanoemulsions into Ion-Selective Membranes: An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Thin-Film Coulometry Study. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:45-52. [PMID: 36817005 PMCID: PMC9936608 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that ion-selective components may be transferred from nanoemulsions (NEs) to endow polymeric membranes with ion-selective sensing properties. This approach has also been used for nanopipette electrodes to achieve single-entity electrochemistry, thereby sensing the ion-selective response of single adhered nanospheres. To this date, however, the mechanism and rate of component transfer remain unclear. We study here the transfer of lipophilic ionic compounds from nanoemulsions into thin plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-DOS) films by chronoamperometry and quartz crystal microbalance. Thin-film cyclic coulovoltammetry measurements serve to quantify the uptake of lipophilic species into blank PVC-DOS membranes. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance data indicate that the transfer of the emulsion components is insignificant, ruling out simple coalescence with the membrane film. Ionophores and ion-exchangers are shown to transfer into the membrane at rates that correlate with their lipophilicity if mass transport is not rate-limiting, which is the case with more lipophilic compounds (calcium and sodium ionophores). On the other hand, with less lipophilic compounds (valinomycin and cation-exchanger salts), transfer rates are limited by mass transport. This is confirmed with rotating disk electrode experiments in which a linear relationship between the diffusion layer thickness and current is observed. The data suggests that once the nanoemulsion container approaches the membrane surface, transfer of components occur by a three-phase partition mechanism where the aqueous phase serves as a kinetic barrier. The results help better understand and quantify the interaction between nanoemulsions and ion-selective membranes and predict membrane doping rates for a range of components.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tayeb HH, Moqaddam SA, Hasaballah NH, Felimban RI. Development of nanoemulsions for the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26455-26462. [PMID: 36275094 PMCID: PMC9479168 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03925g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AR), particularly the limited antimicrobial activities of antibiotics and natural compounds, has prompted research into new antimicrobials. Nanoemulsions (NEs) have been found to improve the activity of antimicrobial compounds. This study developed clove essential oil-in-water NEs (CEO-NEs) and water-in-oil-in-water NEs co-encapsulating CEO and meropenem (CEO-MEM-NEs) to investigate the antibacterial activity of these loaded NEs against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ultrasonication was used to prepare CEO-NEs and CEO-MEM-NEs. Tween 80 and Imwitor 375 surfactants were used to produce CEO-NEs while Tween 80, Imwitor 375, and PGPR were used to produce CEO-MEM-NEs. Droplets' sizes were 138 ± 1.769 and 183.600 ± 0.889 for CEO-NEs and CEO-MEM-NEs, respectively. The resultant NEs were monodispersed, negatively charged, and physically stable. The antibacterial activities of NEs were investigated using broth microdilution, checkerboard, and time-kill assays to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). CEO-NEs (0.16% CEO MIC) and CEO-MEM-NEs (0.08% CEO and 1 μg mL-1 MEM MICs) completely inactivated K. pneumoniae, and showed functional stability after two weeks of storage at 4 °C. In conclusion, the formulated NEs significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of CEO and MEM and have great potential as delivery systems of antimicrobial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam H Tayeb
- A Nanomedicine Unit, Centre of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd A Moqaddam
- A Nanomedicine Unit, Centre of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojod H Hasaballah
- A Nanomedicine Unit, Centre of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed I Felimban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- 3D Bioprinting Unit, Centre of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sani MA, Tavassoli M, Azizi-Lalabadi M, Mohammadi K, McClements DJ. Nano-enabled plant-based colloidal delivery systems for bioactive agents in foods: Design, formulation, and application. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102709. [PMID: 35640316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of their dietary choices on the environment, animal welfare, and health, which is causing many of them to adopt more plant-based diets. For this reason, many sectors of the food industry are reformulating their products to contain more plant-based ingredients. This article describes recent research on the formation and application of nano-enabled colloidal delivery systems formulated from plant-based ingredients, such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and phospholipids. These delivery systems include nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, nanophytosomes, and biopolymer nanoparticles. The composition, size, structure, and charge of the particles in these delivery systems can be manipulated to create novel or improved functionalities, such as improved robustness, higher optical clarity, controlled release, and increased bioavailability. There have been major advances in the design, assembly, and application of plant-based edible nanoparticles within the food industry over the past decade or so. As a result, there are now a wide range of different options available for creating delivery systems for specific applications. In the future, it will be important to establish whether these formulations can be produced using economically viable methods and provide the desired functionality in real-life applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Student's Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yalcin TE, Tuncel E, Yucel C, Tirnaksiz F. Nanoemulsions Containing Megestrol Acetate: Development, Characterization, and Stability Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:142. [PMID: 35538251 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are poorly soluble in water and their low oral bioavailability is a major hindrance to their potential use. Megestrol acetate (MGA) is insoluble in water and its oral absorption is limited and considerably affected by food. Nanoemulsions (NEs) can be used as effective oral drug delivery systems where the hydrophobic API is loaded into the oil phase. In this study, MGA-loaded NEs were prepared based on the spontaneous emulsification technique. The effects of different excipients such as ethanol, Tween 80, Lipoid E80, and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) on the NEs characterization were investigated. The experimental results indicated that optimum MGA-loaded NEs (F20) were nanometer-sized droplets (166.9 ± 3.0 nm) with negative zeta potential (-12.2 ± 1.1 mV). The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on characteristic properties of F20 was also evaluated. On the selected NEs, in vitro dissolution tests and stability studies in various mediums and storage conditions were performed. The encapsulation efficiency of NEs were > 99%. The overall droplet size of F20 and PVP-2 (PVP-coated NEs) remained relatively stable as the pH changed from 1.2 to 6.8. It was determined that F20 and PVP-2 remained stable at 4°C until 12 weeks and had higher cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells. To conclude, droplet size, surface charge, and stability are important properties for NEs to have sufficient effectiveness. In this study, alternative oral NEs of low-solubility drug MGA were developed considering the above features.
Collapse
|
12
|
Delshadi R, Bahrami A, Assadpour E, Williams L, Jafari SM. Nano/microencapsulated natural antimicrobials to control the spoilage microorganisms and pathogens in different food products. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Al-Otaibi WA, AlMotwaa SM. Preparation, characterization, optimization, and antibacterial evaluation of nano-emulsion incorporating essential oil extracted from Teucrium polium L. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1980000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waad A. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M. AlMotwaa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue F, Li X, Qin L, Liu X, Li C, Adhikari B. Anti-aging properties of phytoconstituents and phyto-nanoemulsions and their application in managing aging-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113886. [PMID: 34314783 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is spontaneous and inevitable process in all living beings. It is a complex natural phenomenon that manifests as a gradual decline of physiological functions and homeostasis. Aging inevitably leads to age-associated injuries, diseases, and eventually death. The research on aging-associated diseases aimed at delaying, preventing or even reversing the aging process are of great significance for healthy aging and also for scientific progress. Numerous plant-derived compounds have anti-aging effects, but their therapeutic potential is limited due to their short shelf-life and low bioavailability. As the novel delivery system, nanoemulsion can effectively improve this defect. Nanoemulsions enhance the delivery of drugs to the target site, maintain the plasma concentration for a longer period, and minimize adverse reaction and side effects. This review describes the importance of nanoemulsions for the delivery of phyto-derived compounds and highlights the importance of nanoemulsions in the treatment of aging-related diseases. It also covers the methods of preparation, fate and safety of nanoemulsions, which will provide valuable information for the development of new strategies in treatment of aging-related diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jamali SN, Assadpour E, Feng J, Jafari SM. Natural antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions for the control of food spoilage/pathogenic microorganisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102504. [PMID: 34384999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both consumers and producers of food products are looking for natural ingredients and efficient formulation strategies to improve the shelf life of final products. Natural antimicrobial ingredients such as essential oils can be applied as alternatives to synthetic preservatives, but their main challenge is low stability, adverse effects on sensory properties, low solubility, high needed doses, etc. Formulation of these bioactive compounds into nanoemulsions can be an efficient strategy to improve their properties and practical applications in food products. In this review, after an overview on nanoemulsion formulation, ingredients and fabrication methods, different types of natural antimicrobial agents have been discussed briefly. In addition, properties and action mechanisms of antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions, along with their application in preservation and shelf life improvement of different food products have been explained. Finally, safety and regulatory issues of antimicrobial delivery via nanoemulsions have been examined. As a conclusion antimicrobial-loaded nanoemulsions can be promising candidates and alternatives for common synthetic preservatives in real food systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bai L, Huan S, Rojas OJ, McClements DJ. Recent Innovations in Emulsion Science and Technology for Food Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8944-8963. [PMID: 33982568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion technology has been used for decades in the food industry to create a diverse range of products, including homogenized milk, creams, dips, dressings, sauces, desserts, and toppings. Recently, however, there have been important advances in emulsion science that are leading to new approaches to improving food quality and functionality. This article provides an overview of a number of these advanced emulsion technologies, including Pickering emulsions, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), nanoemulsions, and multiple emulsions. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by particle-based emulsifiers, which may be synthetic or natural, rather than conventional molecular emulsifiers. HIPEs are emulsions where the concentration of the disperse phase exceeds the close packing limit (usually >74%), which leads to novel textural properties and high resistance to gravitational separation. Nanoemulsions contain very small droplets (typically d < 200 nm), which leads to useful functional attributes, such as high optical clarity, resistance to gravitational separation and aggregation, rapid digestion, and high bioavailability. Multiple emulsions contain droplets that have smaller immiscible droplets inside them, which can be used for reduced-calorie, encapsulation, and delivery purposes. This new generation of advanced emulsions may lead to food and beverage products with improved quality, health, and sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Post Office Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Development, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Carvacrol-loaded Nanoemulsion. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133899. [PMID: 34202367 PMCID: PMC8271444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol (CV) is an essential oil with numerous therapeutic properties, including immunomodulatory activity. However, this effect has not been studied in nanoemulsion systems. The objective of this study was to develop an innovative carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion (CVNE) for immunomodulatory action. The developed CVNE comprised of 5% w/w oily phase (medium chain triglycerides + CV), 2% w/w surfactants (Tween 80®/Span 80®), and 93% w/w water, and was produced by ultrasonication. Dynamic light scattering over 90 days was used to characterize CVNE. Cytotoxic activity and quantification of cytokines were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants. CVNE achieved a drug loading of 4.29 mg/mL, droplet size of 165.70 ± 0.46 nm, polydispersity index of 0.14 ± 0.03, zeta potential of −10.25 ± 0.52 mV, and good stability for 90 days. CVNE showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 200 µM in PBMCs. CV diminished the production of IL-2 in the PBMC supernatant. However, CVNE reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ at 50 µM. In conclusion, a stable CVNE was produced, which improved the CV immunomodulatory activity in PBMCs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chuesiang P, Sanguandeekul R, Siripatrawan U. Enhancing effect of nanoemulsion on antimicrobial activity of cinnamon essential oil against foodborne pathogens in refrigerated Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fillets. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
19
|
Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Ostwald ripening in macro- and nanoemulsions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Liu Q, Gao Y, Fu X, Chen W, Yang J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhuansun X, Feng J, Chen Y. Preparation of peppermint oil nanoemulsions: Investigation of stability, antibacterial mechanism and apoptosis effects. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111626. [PMID: 33631642 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peppermint oil (PO) is one of the most popular and widely used essential oils. However, due to volatile and poor water solubility of volatile oil, its application in the fields of medicine and food is limited. In order to solve this problem, the high speed shearing technology was used to prepare the nanoemulsion from PO. By using a series of characterization methods, such as turbiscan scanning spectrum, dynamic light scattering (DLS), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), the best nanoemulsion formula was identified as PO 10 %, surfactant 8 % (Tween-60: EL-20 = 3:1) and deionized water 82 % (w/w). The inhibition strength of nanoemulsion on bacteria was evaluated by detecting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) treated with peppermint oil nanoemulsion (PON) and observing the morphology of bacteria with biological scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that PON had strong inhibitory effect on E. coli. At the concentration range of 0.02 μg/μL-0.2 μg/μL, the apoptosis rate of BEAS-2B cells was less than 10 % compared with control cells. All in all, the PON prepared under this formula is stable, which provides a reference for further exploration of essential oil as natural antibacterial materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuan Fu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangxun Zhuansun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Functional Examination Department of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McClements DJ. Advances in edible nanoemulsions: Digestion, bioavailability, and potential toxicity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101081. [PMID: 33373615 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and application of edible nanoemulsions for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents has been a highly active research field over the past decade or so. In particular, they have been widely used for the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic bioactive substances, such as hydrophobic drugs, lipids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. A great deal of progress has been made in creating stable edible nanoemulsions that can increase the stability and efficacy of these bioactive agents. This article highlights some of the most important recent advances within this area, including increasing the water-dispersibility of bioactives, protecting bioactives from chemical degradation during storage, increasing the bioavailability of bioactives after ingestion, and targeting the release of bioactives within the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, it highlights progress that is being made in creating plant-based edible nanoemulsions. Finally, the potential toxicity of edible nanoemulsions is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Souza AG, Ferreira RR, Paula LC, Setz LF, Rosa DS. The effect of essential oil chemical structures on Pickering emulsion stabilized with cellulose nanofibrils. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Felix da Silva Barbosa R, Gabrieli de Souza A, Rangari V, Rosa DDS. The influence of PBAT content in the nanocapsules preparation and its effect in essential oils release. Food Chem 2020; 344:128611. [PMID: 33221104 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation provides new alternatives for the food industry, enabling a controlled and slow release of active antimicrobial agents, such as essential oils (EO). Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocapsules loaded with linalool EO were prepared using an extrusion method with 1, 3, and 5% w/v (PBAT to chloroform). Nanocapsules' sizes ranged from 100 to 250 nm and were spherical. The release profile was studied using an ethanoic medium over 24 h, and according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, a Fick diffusion mechanism was involved. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed EO encapsulation with an encapsulation efficiency of 55%, 71%, and 74% for 1, 3, and 5%, respectively. The results indicated that encapsulation depended on organic phase concentration, with higher PBAT contents achieving better results. The resulting nanocapsules had antimicrobial activity against E. coli, which could be extended to develop active packaging systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rennan Felix da Silva Barbosa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) - Santo André, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, CEP: 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Alana Gabrieli de Souza
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) - Santo André, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, CEP: 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Vijaya Rangari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Derval Dos Santos Rosa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - CECS/Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) - Santo André, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, CEP: 09210-580, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mauriello E, Ferrari G, Donsì F. Effect of formulation on properties, stability, carvacrol release and antimicrobial activity of carvacrol emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111424. [PMID: 33099148 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural design of essential oil emulsions can be exploited to modulate their antimicrobial activity, through the effect that the main formulation parameters (oil phase composition and type of emulsifier) have on the release of encapsulated antimicrobial compounds. In this work, different emulsions containing carvacrol, selected as model essential oil component, were characterized in terms of emulsions size, stability, and carvacrol release and solubilization, determined in Franz cells, and tested for minimum inhibitory and microbicidal concentration against P. fluorescens, S. epidermidis, and S. cerevisiae. The results showed that carvacrol fraction in the oil phase significantly affected oil viscosity, density, and O/W interfacial tension. Carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase, in equilibrium with the oil mixture, increased with the concentration of carvacrol in the oil phase and with the presence of an emulsifier/stabilizer in the aqueous phase. However, when encapsulated in emulsions carvacrol solubilization exhibited a weak dependence on carvacrol fraction in oil phase because part of the emulsifier/stabilizer was adsorbed at the O/W interface. Higher carvacrol solubilization was observed for WPM Pickering emulsions, followed by WPI and T80 emulsions. The antimicrobial activity was proportional to carvacrol solubilization, suggesting that emulsion droplets act as micrometric tanks for carvacrol, which is steadily released over time in the aqueous phase. The high carvacrol solubilization in the aqueous phase at higher carvacrol fractions in the oil phase (≥75% w/w) was also responsible for lower T80 and WPI emulsion stability because of coalescence, whereas all WPM emulsions exhibited signs of flocculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mauriello
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy; ProdAl Scarl, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Z, Xu D, Yuan Y, Wu H, Hou J, Kang W, Bai B. Advances of spontaneous emulsification and its important applications in enhanced oil recovery process. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102119. [PMID: 32045722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions, including oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, can play important roles in both controlling reservoir conformance and displacing residual oil for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects. However, current methods, like high-shear mixing, high-pressure homogenizing, sonicators and others, often use lots of extra energy to prepare the emulsions with high costs but very low energy efficiency. In recent decades, spontaneous emulsification methods, which allow one to create micro- and nano-droplets with very low or even no mechanical energy input, have been launched as an overall less expensive and more efficient alternatives to current high extra energy methods. Herein, we primarily review the basic concepts on spontaneous emulsification, including mechanisms, methods and influenced parameters, which are relevant for fundamental applications for industrials. The spontaneity of the emulsification process is influenced by the following variables: surfactant structure, concentration and initial location, oil phase composition, addition of co-surfactant and non-aqueous solvent, as well as salinity and temperature. Then, we focus on the description of importance for emulsions in EOR processes from advances and categories to improving oil recovery mechanisms, including both sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency aspects. Finally, we systematically address the applications and outlooks based on the use of spontaneous emulsification in the practical oil reservoirs for EOR processes, in which conventional, heavy, high-temperature, high-salinity and low-permeability oil reservoirs, as well as wastewater treatments after EOR processes are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Derong Xu
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Yongjie Yuan
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hairong Wu
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Jirui Hou
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Wanli Kang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| | - Baojun Bai
- Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, PR China; Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abreu FOMDS, Costa EF, Cardial MRL, André WPP. Polymeric nanoemulsions enriched with Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|