1
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Epstein JA, Ramon GZ. In-situ measurement of the internal compaction of a soft material caused by permeation flow. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:883-892. [PMID: 38908287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The compaction of hydrogel films under permeation flow can be measured, in-situ, by tracking the internal displacements of their structure, thereby revealing the internal deformation profile. Additionally, monitoring the permeation flow rate and applied pressure over time enables determination of variations in the hydrogel's permeability due to flow-induced compaction. Hydrogels are soft porous materials capable of containing high amounts of water within their polymeric matrix. Flow-induced internal deformation can modify the hydrogel's permeability and selectivity, which are important attributes in separation processes, both industrial (e.g., membrane-based water purification) and natural (mucous filters in suspension feeders and intestinal lining) systems. Measuring the flow-induced compaction in thin hydrogels films can reveal the interplay between flow and permeability. However, the micro-scale internal compaction remains uncharted for due to experimental challenges. EXPERIMENTS A technique is demonstrated for analyzing the compaction and stratification of permeable soft materials, in-situ, created by a pressure-driven permeation flow. To this end, the internal deformations within a soft material layer are calculated, based on tracking the positions of fluorescent micro-tracers that are embedded within the soft material. We showcase the capabilities of this technique by examining a hundred-micron-thick calcium-alginate cake deposited on a nanofiltration membrane, emphasizing the achieved micro-scale resolution of the local compaction measurements. FINDINGS The results highlight the possibility to examine thin hydrogel films and their internal deformation produced by flow-induced stresses when varying the flow conditions. The method enables the simultaneous calculation of the soft material's permeance, as the pressure-driven flow conditions are continuously monitored. In summary, the proposed method provides a powerful tool for characterizing the behaviour of permeable soft materials under permeation conditions, with potential applications in engineering, biophysics and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Epstein
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Guy Z Ramon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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2
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Yan Z, Chen X, Chang H, Pang H, Fan G, Xu K, Liang H, Qu F. Feasibility of replacing proton exchange membranes with pressure-driven membranes in membrane electrochemical reactors for high salinity organic wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121340. [PMID: 38428235 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) shows superiority to electrochemical oxidation (EO) in high salinity organic wastewater (HSOW) treatment, but requirement of proton exchange membranes (PEM) increases investment and maintenance cost. In this work, the feasibility of using low-cost pressure-driven membranes as the separation membrane in MER system was systematically investigated. Commonly used pressure-driven membranes, including loose membranes such as microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), as well as dense membranes like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), were employed in the study. When tested in a contamination-free solution, MF and UF exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to PEM, with comparable pH regulation capabilities in the short term. When foulant (humic acid, Ca2+ and Mg2+) presented in the feed, UF saved the most energy (43 %) compared to PEM with similar removal rate of UV254 (∼85 %). In practical applications of MER for treating nanofiltration concentrate (NC) of landfill leachate, UF saved 27 % energy compared to PEM per cycle with the least Ca2+ and Mg2+ retention in membrane and none obvious organics permeation. For fouled RO and PEM with ion transport impediment, water splitting was exacerbated, which decreased the percentage of oxidation for organics. Overall, replacing of PEM with UF significantly reduce the costs associated with both the investment and operation of MER, which is expected to broaden the practical application for treating HSOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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3
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Zhou Z, Zhang M, Xia Q, Zhao X, Ming Q, Zeng L. Effects of nanofiltration on desalination of flue gas desulfurization wastewater by electrodialysis: treatment effect, fouling property and techno-economic analysis. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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4
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Zhang M, Xia Q, Zhao X, Guo J, Zeng L, Zhou Z. Concentration effects of calcium ion on polyacrylamide fouling of ion-exchange membrane in electrodialysis treatment of flue gas desulfurization wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Xiang W, Yao J, Velizarov S, Han L. Unravelling the fouling behavior of anion-exchange membrane (AEM) by organic solute of varying characteristics. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Zhang B, Tang H, Gu X, Li X, Zhang B, Shen Y, Shi W. Discrepant effects of monovalent cations on membrane fouling induced by colloidal polymer: Evaluation and mechanism investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133939. [PMID: 35149021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how ionic conditions affect membrane fouling induced by anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is important for achieving long-term and stable operation of a polymer flooding produced wastewater (PFPW) membrane separation process. However, there is lack of studies on the effects of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) on APAM-based membrane fouling. In this work, the effects of Na+ and K+ on filtration efficiency, flux decline behavior, fouling resistance, and cleaning efficiency were studied through a series of microfiltration tests. Moreover, the influencing mechanism of membrane fouling was further comprehensively revealed from the aspects of the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the hydration force, and the microstructure characterizations. The XDLVO theory agreed well with membrane fouling behavior at various ionic strengths. The increase in ionic strength (0-10,000 mg/L) of Na+ and K+ exacerbated the reduction of relative flux (J/J0) and the accumulation of fouling resistance, as well as made the porous APAM-induced fouling layer denser and more compact, boosting removal efficiency. Furthermore, K+ had a stronger aggravating effect on membrane fouling than Na+. Specifically, the final value of J/J0 for APAM+K+ (0.08) was lower than that for APAM + Na+ (0.12), and the fouling resistance for APAM+K+ (12.25 × 1011 m-1) was higher than that for APAM + Na+ (12.01 × 1011 m-1) at an ionic strength of 10,000 mg/L, which was owing to the larger hydration force caused by Na+ with a smaller ionic radius. This research offers practical guidance for the PFPW membrane filtering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Heli Tang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd., Chongqing, 400060, China.
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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7
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Zhang B, Tang H, Shen Y, Zhang B, Liu G, Shi W. Comparative analysis of membrane fouling mechanisms induced by colloidal polymer: Effects of sodium and calcium ions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:780-791. [PMID: 34689110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymer (anionic polyacrylamide, APAM) flooding produced wastewater has a relatively high degree of mineralization and abundant ionic species. A comprehensive and systematic investigation of the influence of ion identity on APAM-induced membrane fouling is extremely necessary but has not been conducted to date. A comparative investigation was performed herein to reveal the underlying mechanisms of the influence of Na+ and Ca2+ (1000 mg/L) on APAM-induced membrane fouling in the adsorption and microfiltration (MF) processes. Na+ and Ca2+ exhibited contrasting influences on the filtration efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and fouling resistance. Compared to Na+, Ca2+ promoted reversible fouling and the formation of a loose cake layer; moreover, a higher removal rate and flux recovery were achieved. Additionally, simulations based on adsorption kinetic and membrane fouling models, and a series of microscopic analyses were performed to validate the contradictory influences. During the APAM-based MF process, the membrane fouling was effectively mitigated at the applied ionic strength because of the stronger hydration repulsive force generated by hydrated Ca2+ compared to that by Na+. This study provides vital guidance for membrane fouling control in the microfiltration of polymer flooding produced wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Heli Tang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Guicai Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 50022, China.
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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8
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Mir N, Bicer Y. Integration of electrodialysis with renewable energy sources for sustainable freshwater production: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112496. [PMID: 33839606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for clean water as the population of the earth is exponentially increasing. Many countries are facing water shortage problems, which are bound to become more prevalent in upcoming years. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate sustainable methods to produce clean water for drinking, irrigation, agriculture and domestic use. Electrodialysis uses electricity and specialized membranes to separate ionic substances from water. This practice can be used for desalination and wastewater treatment. To make the process more sustainable, electrodialysis can be coupled with renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind power. Photo-electrodialysis and photovoltaic-electrodialysis are two methods commonly used to couple solar energy with the electrodialysis process. However, these processes are dependent on the availability of sunlight and wind as weather conditions and the positioning of the sun vary by time. Electrodialysis is more favourable for brackish water desalination instead of seawater desalination as it has a lower energy requirement. Desalinating brackish water (1000-5000 ppm) has an energy requirement in the range of 0.4-4 kWh/m3. This review paper summarizes the fundamental concepts of electrodialysis technology and its integration with renewable energy sources such as photo electrodialysis, photovoltaic assisted electrodialysis, reversible electrodialysis/electrodialysis and wind energy-driven electrodialysis. Some aspects that have been considered are the freshwater capacity, specific energy and costs of the hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Mir
- Division of Sustainable Development (DSD), College of Science and Engineering (CSE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yusuf Bicer
- Division of Sustainable Development (DSD), College of Science and Engineering (CSE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Enhancing mechanistic models with neural differential equations to predict electrodialysis fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Bu Y, Chen B, Li J. Fate of typical organic halogen compounds during electrodialysis process and improvement of their recoveries. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Marek J. State-of-the-Art Water Treatment in Czech Power Sector: Industry-Proven Case Studies Showing Economic and Technical Benefits of Membrane and Other Novel Technologies for Each Particular Water Cycle. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:98. [PMID: 33573305 PMCID: PMC7912338 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The article first summarizes case studies on the three basic types of treated water used in power plants and heating stations. Its main focus is Czechia as the representative of Eastern European countries. Water as the working medium in the power industry presents the three most common cycles-the first is make-up water for boilers, the second is cooling water and the third is represented by a specific type of water (e.g., liquid waste mixtures, primary and secondary circuits in nuclear power plants, turbine condensate, etc.). The water treatment technologies can be summarized into four main groups-(1) filtration (coagulation) and dosing chemicals, (2) ion exchange technology, (3) membrane processes and (4) a combination of the last two. The article shows the ideal industry-proven technology for each water cycle. Case studies revealed the economic, technical and environmental advantages/disadvantages of each technology. The percentage of technologies operated in energetics in Eastern Europe is briefly described. Although the work is conceived as an overview of water treatment in real operation, its novelty lies in a technological model of the treatment of turbine condensate, recycling of the cooling tower blowdown plus other liquid waste mixtures, and the rejection of colloidal substances from the secondary circuit in nuclear power plants. This is followed by an evaluation of the potential novel technologies and novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Marek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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12
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Factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis treatment for oilfield produced water from surfactant-polymer flooding. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Rodrigues M, de Mattos TT, Sleutels T, ter Heijne A, Hamelers HV, Buisman CJ, Kuntke P. Minimal Bipolar Membrane Cell Configuration for Scaling Up Ammonium Recovery. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:17359-17367. [PMID: 33282569 PMCID: PMC7709195 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical systems for total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) recovery are a promising alternative compared with conventional nitrogen-removal technologies. To make them competitive, we propose a new minimal stackable configuration using cell pairs with only bipolar membranes and cation-exchange membranes. The tested bipolar electrodialysis (BP-ED) stack included six cell pairs of feed and concentrate compartments. Critical operational parameters, such as current density and the ratio between applied current to nitrogen loading (load ratio), were varied to investigate the performance of the system using synthetic wastewater with a high nitrogen content as an influent (NH4 + ≈ 1.75 g L-1). High TAN removal (>70%) was achieved for a load ratio higher than 1. At current densities of 150 A m-2 and a load ratio of 1.2, a TAN transport rate of 1145.1±14.1 gN m-2 d-1 and a TAN-removal efficiency of 80% were observed. As the TAN removal was almost constant at different current densities, the BP-ED stack performed at a high TAN transport rate (819.1 gN m-2 d-1) while consuming the lowest energy (18.3 kJ gN -1) at a load ratio of 1.2 and 100 A m-2. The TAN transport rate, TAN removal, and energy input achieved by the minimal BP-ED stack demonstrated a promising new cell configuration for upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen; P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Thiago T. de Mattos
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Sleutels
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek ter Heijne
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen; P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus V.M. Hamelers
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J.N. Buisman
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen; P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kuntke
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9,
8911MA Leeuwarden; P.O. Box 1113, Leeuwarden 8900CC, The Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen; P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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14
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Sosa-Fernández PA, Post JW, Nabaala HL, Bruning H, Rijnaarts H. Experimental Evaluation of Anion Exchange Membranes for the Desalination of (Waste) Water Produced after Polymer-Flooding. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E352. [PMID: 33218012 PMCID: PMC7698788 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) has been recently proposed to desalinate polymer-flooding produced water (PFPW), a byproduct stream from the oil and gas industry rich in charged polymers. However, process performance is limited by fouling occurring on the ion-exchange membranes, particularly on the anionic ones (AEMs). Thus, this study aimed to correlate the properties of different AEMs with their performance while desalinating PFPW, ultimately evaluating their significance when fouling is to be minimized and operation improved. Six stacks containing different homogeneous and commercially available AEMs were employed to desalinate synthetic PFPW during 8-days ED experiments operated in reversal mode. AEMs recovered from the stacks were analyzed in terms of water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, permselectivity, and area resistance, and compared with virgin AEMs. Relatively small changes were measured for most of the parameters evaluated. For most AEMs, the water uptake and resistance increased, while the ion-exchange capacity (IEC) and permselectivity decreased during operation. Ultimately, AEMs with high area resistance were linked to the fast development of limiting current conditions in the stack, so this property turned out to be the most relevant when desalinating PFPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Sosa-Fernández
- European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, P.O. Box 1113, 8911CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; (P.A.S.-F.); (J.W.P.); (H.L.N.)
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan W. Post
- European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, P.O. Box 1113, 8911CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; (P.A.S.-F.); (J.W.P.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Harrison L. Nabaala
- European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, P.O. Box 1113, 8911CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; (P.A.S.-F.); (J.W.P.); (H.L.N.)
| | - Harry Bruning
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700EV Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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15
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Sosa-Fernandez PA, Miedema SJ, Bruning H, Leermakers FAM, Post JW, Rijnaarts HHM. Effects of feed composition on the fouling on cation-exchange membranes desalinating polymer-flooding produced water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 584:634-646. [PMID: 33176931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) are subject to fouling when utilized to desalinate wastewater from the oil and gas industry, hampering their performance. The kind and extent of the fouling are most likely dependent on the composition of the stream, which in practical applications can vary significantly. EXPERIMENTS Fouling experiments were performed on commercial cation exchange membranes, which were used in electrodialysis runs to desalinate solutions of varying composition. The variations included ionic strength, type of ions, amount of viscosifying polyelectrolyte (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide), presence of crude oil, and surfactants. Performance parameters, like electric potential and pH, were monitored during the runs, after which the membranes were recovered and analyzed. FINDINGS Fouling was detected on most CEMs and occurred mainly in the presence of the viscosifying polyelectrolyte. Under normal pH conditions (pH ~ 8), the polyelectrolyte fouled the concentrate side of the CEMs, as expected due to electrophoresis. However, by applying a current in the opposite direction, the polyelectrolyte layer could be removed. Precipitation occurred mostly on the opposite side of the membrane, with different morphology depending on the feed composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sosa-Fernandez
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S J Miedema
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Bruning
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - F A M Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J W Post
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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16
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17
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Sosa-Fernandez PA, Post JW, Karemore A, Bruning H, Rijnaarts HHM. Desalination of Polymer-Flooding Produced Water at Increased Water Recovery and Minimized Energy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Sosa-Fernandez
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Post
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Apurva Karemore
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8911 CC Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Harry Bruning
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Huub H. M. Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
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Gurreri L, Tamburini A, Cipollina A, Micale G. Electrodialysis Applications in Wastewater Treatment for Environmental Protection and Resources Recovery: A Systematic Review on Progress and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E146. [PMID: 32660014 PMCID: PMC7408617 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a membrane process of separation under the action of an electric field, where ions are selectively transported across ion-exchange membranes. ED of both conventional or unconventional fashion has been tested to treat several waste or spent aqueous solutions, including effluents from various industrial processes, municipal wastewater or salt water treatment plants, and animal farms. Properties such as selectivity, high separation efficiency, and chemical-free treatment make ED methods adequate for desalination and other treatments with significant environmental benefits. ED technologies can be used in operations of concentration, dilution, desalination, regeneration, and valorisation to reclaim wastewater and recover water and/or other products, e.g., heavy metal ions, salts, acids/bases, nutrients, and organics, or electrical energy. Intense research activity has been directed towards developing enhanced or novel systems, showing that zero or minimal liquid discharge approaches can be techno-economically affordable and competitive. Despite few real plants having been installed, recent developments are opening new routes for the large-scale use of ED techniques in a plethora of treatment processes for wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Tamburini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (A.C.); (G.M.)
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Zhang B, Zhang R, Huang D, Shen Y, Gao X, Shi W. Membrane fouling in microfiltration of alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding oilfield wastewater: Effect of interactions of key foulants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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