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Curk T, Leyva SG, Pagonabarraga I. Discontinuous Transition in Electrolyte Flow through Charge-Patterned Nanochannels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:078201. [PMID: 39213551 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the flow of an electrolyte through a rigid nanochannel decorated with a surface charge pattern. Employing lattice Boltzmann and dissipative particle dynamics methods, as well as analytical theory, we show that the electrohydrodynamic coupling leads to two distinct flow regimes. The accompanying discontinuous transition between slow, ionic, and fast, Poiseuille flows is observed at intermediate ion concentrations, channel widths, and electrostatic coupling strengths. These findings indicate routes to design nanochannels containing a typical aqueous electrolyte that exhibit a digital on-off flux response, which could be useful for nanofluidics and ionotronic applications.
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Xu D, Yan M, Xie Y. Energy harvesting from water streaming at charged surface. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:244-265. [PMID: 37948329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Water flowing at a charged surface may produce electricity, known as streaming current/potentials, which may be traced back to the 19th century. However, due to the low gained power and efficiencies, the energy conversion from streaming current was far from usable. The emergence of micro/nanofluidic technology and nanomaterials significantly increases the power (density) and energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we conclude the fundamentals and recent progress in electrical double layers at the charged surface. We estimate the generated power by hydrodynamic energy dissipation in multi-scaling flows considering the viscous systems with slipping boundary and inertia systems. Then, we review the coupling of volume flow and current flow by the Onsager relation, as well as the figure of merits and efficiency. We summarize the state-of-the-art of electrokinetic energy conversions, including critical performance metrics such as efficiencies, power densities, and generated voltages in various systems. We discuss the advantages and possible constraints by the figure of merits, including single-phase flow and flying droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Zheng DC, Hsu JP. Enhancing the osmotic energy conversion of a nanoporous membrane: influence of pore density, pH, and temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6089-6101. [PMID: 36752071 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Salinity gradient power, which converts Gibbs free energy of mixing to electric energy through an ion-selective pore, has great potential. Towards practical use, developing membrane-scaled nanoporous materials is desirable and necessary. Unfortunately, the presence of a significant ion concentration polarization (ICP) lowers appreciably the power harvested, especially at a high pore density. To alleviate this problem, we suggest applying an extra pressure difference ΔP across a membrane containing multiple nanopores, taking account of the associated power consumption. The results gathered reveal that the application of a negative pressure difference can improve the power harvested due to the enhanced selectivity. In addition, if the pore density of a membrane is high, raising its pore length is necessary to make the energy harvested economic. For example, if the pore length is 2000 nm and the pore density is 2.5 × 109 pores per cm2, an increment in the power density of 213 mW m-2 can be obtained by applying ΔP = -1 bar at pH 11 and 323 K, where a net positive power density can be retrieved. The performance of the system considered under various conditions is examined in detail, along with associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Effect of Surface Charge Gradient on the Concentration Difference Driven Energy Conversion in Nanochannel. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wang J, Zhou H, Li S, Wang L. Selective Ion Transport in Two-Dimensional Lamellar Nanochannel Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218321. [PMID: 36718075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Precise and ultrafast ion sieving is highly desirable for many applications in environment-, energy-, and resource-related fields. The development of a permselective lamellar membrane constructed from parallel stacked two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets opened a new avenue for the development of next-generation separation technology because of the unprecedented diversity of the designable interior nanochannels. In this Review, we first discuss the construction of homo- and heterolaminar nanoarchitectures from the starting materials to the emerging preparation strategies. We then explore the property-performance relationships, with a particular emphasis on the effects of physical structural features, chemical properties, and external environment stimuli on ion transport behavior under nanoconfinement. We also present existing and potential applications of 2D membranes in desalination, ion recovery, and energy conversion. Finally, we discuss the challenges and outline research directions in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province,Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Huijiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province,Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Shangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province,Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province,Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710000, China
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Qin H, Ding X, Cheng SQ, Qin SY, Han X, Sun Y, Liu Y. An H 2S-Regulated Artificial Nanochannel Fabricated by a Supramolecular Coordination Strategy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9232-9237. [PMID: 36173107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gasotransmitter, has an important impact on physiological and pathological activities. Herein, we fabricated an artificial nanochannel with a conductance value of 2.01 nS via a supramolecular coordination strategy. Benefiting from the unique H2S-mediated covalent reaction, the nanochannel biosensor could change from ON to OFF states with the addition of H2S. Furthermore, this nanochannel directed the ion transport, showing a high rectification ratio as well as gating ratio. Subsequently, theoretical simulations were conducted to help to reveal the possible mechanism of the functionalized nanochannel. This study can provide insights for better understanding the process of H2S-regulated biological channels and fabricating gas gated nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolong Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Shi-Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si-Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Li C, Liu Z, Qiao N, Feng Z, Tian ZQ. The electroviscous effect in nanochannels with overlapping electric double layers considering the height size effect on surface charge. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Qian F, Guo P, Zhang W, Wang Q, Zhao C. Effects of fluid slippage on pressure‐driven electrokinetic energy conversion in conical nanochannels. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2062-2073. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Panpan Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qiuwang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
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Lo HY, Tsou TY, Hsu JP. Improving the osmotic energy conversion efficiency of multiple nanopores by a cross flow. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Chen YT, Hsu JP. Pressure-driven power generation and ion separation using a non-uniformly charged nanopore. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1120-1130. [PMID: 34571299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its versatile potential applications, nanofluidic devices have drawn much attention of researches in various fields. Among these, pressure-driven power generation is considered as a candidate for the next generation alternative green energy source, and pressure-driven ion separation (nanofiltration) for desalination. Aiming to achieve a better performance in these two representative cases, a cylindrical nanopore having different types of non-uniform surface charge profile is adopted, and its performance under various conditions assessed. We show that lower the surface charge density near the nanopore inlet region can suppress the effect of ion concentration polarization (ICP) and improve the selectivity, thereby enhancing appreciably its power generation performance. For a fixed averaged surface charge density, if the bulk salt concentration is low, the higher the surface charge density near the nanopore openings, the better its performance. The degree of ICP can be alleviated by applying a sufficiently large pressure difference. Although previous studies showed that salt rejection is influenced significantly by the profile of the electric field inside a nanopore, we find that the electric field at nanopore openings also plays a role. Through choosing appropriately the surface charge profile, it is possible to solve the trade-off between rejection and flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Jiao Y, Zhao C, Yang C, Kang Y, Gao X, Wang H, Song L, He B. A numerical study on ion concentration polarization and electric circuit performance of an electrokinetic battery. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:811-820. [PMID: 32097991 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) imposes remarkable adverse effects on the energy conversion performance of the pressure-driven electrokinetic (EK) flows through a capillary system that can be equivalently treated as a battery. An optimized dimensionless numerical method is proposed in this study to investigate the causes and the effects of the ICP. Results show that remarkable ICP phenomena are induced under certain conditions such as high applied pressure, high surface charge density, and small inversed Debye length at dimensionless values of 6000, -10, and 0.5. Meanwhile, different factors influence the ICP and the corresponding electric properties in different ways. Particularly for the overall electric resistance, the applied pressure and the surface charge density mainly affect the variation amplitude and the level of the overall electric resistance when varying the output electric potential, respectively. Differently, the Debye length affects the overall electric resistance in both aspects. Ultimately, the induced ICP leads to significant nonlinear current-potential curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Jiao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiumin Gao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Linhui Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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