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Liang D, Li C, Chen H, Sørmo E, Cornelissen G, Gao Y, Reguyal F, Sarmah A, Ippolito J, Kammann C, Li F, Sailaukhanuly Y, Cai H, Hu Y, Wang M, Li X, Cui X, Robinson B, Khan E, Rinklebe J, Ye T, Wu F, Zhang X, Wang H. A critical review of biochar for the remediation of PFAS-contaminated soil and water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:174962. [PMID: 39059650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present significant environmental and health hazards due to their inherent persistence, ubiquitous presence in the environment, and propensity for bioaccumulation. Consequently, the development of efficacious remediation strategies for soil and water contaminated with PFAS is imperative. Biochar, with its unique properties, has emerged as a cost-effective adsorbent for PFAS. Despite this, a comprehensive review of the factors influencing PFAS adsorption and immobilization by biochar is lacking. This narrative review examines recent findings indicating that the application of biochar can effectively immobilize PFAS, thereby mitigating their environmental transport and subsequent ecological impact. In addition, this paper reviewed the sorption mechanisms of biochar and the factors affecting its sorption efficiency. The high effectiveness of biochars in PFAS remediation has been attributed to their high porosity in the right pore size range (>1.5 nm) that can accommodate the relatively large PFAS molecules (>1.02-2.20 nm), leading to physical entrapment. Effective sorption requires attraction or bonding to the biochar framework. Binding is stronger for long-chain PFAS than for short-chain PFAS, as attractive forces between long hydrophobic CF2-tails more easily overcome the repulsion of the often-anionic head groups by net negatively charged biochars. This review summarizes case studies and field applications highlighting the effectiveness of biochar across various matrices, showcasing its strong binding with PFAS. We suggest that research should focus on improving the adsorption performance of biochar for short-chain PFAS compounds. Establishing the significance of biochar surface electrical charge in the adsorption process of PFAS is necessary, as well as quantifying the respective contributions of electrostatic forces and hydrophobic van der Waals forces to the adsorption of both short- and long-chain PFAS. There is an urgent need for validation of the effectiveness of the biochar effect in actual environmental conditions through prolonged outdoor testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhan Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Caibin Li
- Yancao Industry Biochar-Based Fertilizer Engineering Research Center of China, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 550700, China
| | - Hanbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Erlend Sørmo
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), 0484 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Yurong Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Febelyn Reguyal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ajit Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jim Ippolito
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claudia Kammann
- Department of Applied Ecology, Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yerbolat Sailaukhanuly
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, 22a Satpaev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Heqing Cai
- Yancao Industry Biochar-Based Fertilizer Engineering Research Center of China, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 550700, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Yancao Industry Biochar-Based Fertilizer Engineering Research Center of China, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 550700, China
| | - Maoxian Wang
- Yancao Industry Biochar-Based Fertilizer Engineering Research Center of China, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou 550700, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xinglan Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Environment-friendly Metallurgy in Producing Premium Non-ferrous Metals, GRINM Resources and Environmental Technology Corporation Limited, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tingjin Ye
- IronMan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528041, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Zhang L, Tang S, Jiang S. Immobilization of Microcystin by the Hydrogel-Biochar Composite to Enhance Biodegradation during Drinking Water Treatment. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:3044-3056. [PMID: 37705994 PMCID: PMC10496130 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the most common algal toxin in freshwater, poses an escalating threat to safe drinking water. This study aims to develop an engineered biofiltration system for water treatment, employing a composite of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-biochar (PDDA-BC) as a filtration medium. The objective is to capture MC-LR selectively and quickly from water, enabling subsequent biodegradation of toxin by bacteria embedded on the composite. The results showed that PDDA-BC exhibited a high selectivity in adsorbing MC-LR, even in the presence of competing natural organic matter and anions. The adsorption kinetics of MC-LR was faster, and capacity was greater compared to traditional adsorbents, achieving a capture rate of 98% for MC-LR (200 μg/L) within minutes to tens of minutes. Notably, the efficient adsorption of MC-LR was also observed in natural lake waters, underscoring the substantial potential of PDDA-BC for immobilizing MC-LR during biofiltration. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the synergetic effects of electrostatic interaction and π-π stacking predominantly contribute to the adsorption selectivity of MC-LR. Furthermore, experimental results validated that the combination of PDDA-BC with MC-degrading bacteria offered a promising and effective approach to achieve a sustainable removal of MC-LR through an "adsorption-biodegradation" process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shengyin Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sunny Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Yu P, Baker MC, Crump AR, Vogler M, Strawn DG, Möller G. Biochar integrated reactive filtration of wastewater for P removal and recovery, micropollutant catalytic oxidation, and negative CO 2 e: Process operation and mechanism. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10926. [PMID: 37696540 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) use in water treatment is a promising approach that can simultaneously help address societal needs of clean water, food security, and climate change mitigation. However, novel BC water treatment technology approaches require operational testing in field pilot-scale scenarios to advance their technology readiness assessment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the system performance of BC integrated into hydrous ferric oxide reactive filtration (Fe-BC-RF) with and without catalytic ozonation (CatOx) process in laboratory and field pilot-scale scenarios. For this investigation, Fe-BC-RF and Fe-CatOx-BC-RF pilot-scale trials were conducted on synthetic lake water variants and at three municipal water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) at process flows of 0.05 and 0.6 L/s, respectively. Three native and two iron-modified BCs were used in these studies. The commercially available reactive filtration process (Fe-RF without BC) had 96%-98% total phosphorus (TP) removal from 0.075- and 0.22-mg/L TP, as orthophosphate process influent in these trials. With BC integration, phosphorus removal yielded 94%-98% with the same process-influent conditions. In WRRF field pilot-scale studies, the Fe-CatOx-BC-RF process removed 84%-99% of influent total phosphorus concentrations that varied from 0.12 to 8.1 mg/L. Nutrient analysis on BC showed that the recovered BC used in the pilot-scale studies had an increase in TP from its native concentration, with the Fe-amended BC showing better P recovery at 110% than its unmodified state, which was 16%. Lastly, the field WRRF Fe-CatOx-BC-RF process studies showed successful destructive removals at >90% for more than 20 detected micropollutants, thus addressing a critical human health and environmental water quality concern. The research demonstrated that integration of BC into Fe-CatOx-RF for micropollutant removal, disinfection, and nutrient recovery is an encouraging tertiary water treatment technology that can address sustainable phosphorus recycling needs and the potential for carbon-negative operation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A pilot-scale hydrous ferric oxide reactive sand filtration process integrating biochar injection typically yields >90% total phosphorus removal to ultralow levels. Biochar, modified with iron, recovers phosphorus from wastewater, creating a P/N nutrient upcycled soil amendment. Addition of ozone to the process stream enables biochar-iron-ozone catalytic oxidation demonstrating typically excellent (>90%) micropollutant destructive removals for the compounds tested. A companion paper to this work explores life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) to explore biochar water treatment integrated reactive filtration impacts, costs, and readiness. Biochar use can aid in long-term carbon sequestration by reducing the carbon footprint of advanced water treatment in a dose-dependent manner, including enabling an overall carbon-negative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Yu
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Martin C Baker
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Alex R Crump
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Michael Vogler
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Daniel G Strawn
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Gregory Möller
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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Wu X, Ye M, Wang J, Wu F, Liu C, Li Z, Lin D, Yang R. Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from biogas slurry by Ca2+-modified soybean straw biochar. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290714. [PMID: 37624822 PMCID: PMC10456179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biogas slurry is critical for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Biomass carbon adsorption is a feasible method for the recycling of nutrients from biogas slurry. However, research on the co-adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate is scarce. Herein, soybean straw was utilized as the raw material to prepare Ca2+-modified biochar (CaSSB), which was investigated for its ammonia nitrogen and phosphate adsorption mechanisms. Compared with natural biochar (SSB), CaSSB possesses a high H/C ratio, larger surface area, high porosity and various functional groups. Ca2+-modified soybean straw biochar exhibited excellent adsorption performance for NH4+-N (103.18 mg/g) and PO43--P (9.75 mg/g) at pH = 6, using an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L. The experimental adsorption data of ammonia nitrogen by CaSSB corresponded to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that the adsorption process was homogeneous and that electrostatic attraction might be the primary adsorption mechanism. Meanwhile, the adsorption of phosphate conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir-Freundlich model, whose mechanism might be attributed to ligand exchange and chemical precipitation. These results reveal the potential of CaSSBs as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Ye
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cenwei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangting Li
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Daiyan Lin
- Agricultural Engineering Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rilong Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang S, Guo D, Kang R, Feng J, Pan H. Fabrication of lignin-derived mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composites for microwave-assisted isomerization of glucose in water. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123341. [PMID: 36682652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of mesoporous carbon/magnesium oxide composites (LDMC@MgO-x) with different Mg doping ratios were synthesized by using alkali lignin as the carbon source, potassium chloride as the salt template and magnesium nitrate as the catalytic site precursor, respectively. The BET, FTIR, SEM, and TEM analyses indicated that the as-prepared LDMC@MgO-x possessed a unique hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area, rich functional groups, and uniformly distributed MgO nanoparticles. Among them, LDMC@MgO-20%, as an optimized base catalyst, could realize effective isomerization of glucose with a maximum fructose yield of 34.4 % in water at 130 °C for only 5 min under microwave assistance. In addition, the activation energy of glucose isomerization catalyzed by LDMC@MgO-20% was estimated to be about 43.6 kJ·mol-1, which was lower than that of most Lewis acid-catalyzed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dayi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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6
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Wu L, Song Y, Xing S, Li Y, Xu H, Yang Q, Li Y. Advances in electrospun nanofibrous membrane sensors for ion detection. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34866-34891. [PMID: 36540220 PMCID: PMC9724217 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmful metal ions and toxic anions produced in industrial processes cause serious damage to the environment and human health. Chemical sensors are used as an efficient and convenient detection method for harmful ions. Electrospun fiber membranes are widely used in the field of solid-state chemical sensors due to high specific surface area, high porosity, and strong adsorption. This paper reviews the solid-state chemical sensors based on electrospinning technology for the detection of harmful heavy metal ions and toxic anions in water over the past decade. These electrospun fiber sensors have different preparation methods, sensing mechanisms, and sensing properties. The preparation method can be completed by physical doping, chemical modification, copolymerization, surface adsorption and self-assembly combined with electrospinning, and the material can also be combined with organic fluorescent molecules, biological matrix materials and precious metal materials. Sensing performance aspects can also be manifested as changes in color and fluorescence. By comparing the literature, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of electrospinning technology in the field of ion sensing, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of electrospun fiber sensor research. We hope that this review can provide inspiration for the development of electrospun fiber sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
| | - Yan Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132022 P. R. China
| | - Shuo Xing
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
| | - Yapeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
| | - Yaoxian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R China
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Li A, Ge W, Liu L, Qiu G. Preparation, adsorption performance and mechanism of MgO-loaded biochar in wastewater treatment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113341. [PMID: 35460638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a low cost, porous and solid material with an extremely high carbon content, various types of functional groups, a large specific surface area and many other desirable characteristics. Thus, it is often used as an adsorbent or a loading matrix. Nano-magnesium oxide is a crystalline material with small particles and strong ion exchangeability. However, due to the high surface chemical energy, it easily forms agglomerates of particles. Therefore, to combine the advantages of biochar and magnesium, metal magnesium nanoparticles can be loaded onto the surface of biochar with different modification techniques, resulting in biochars with low cost and high adsorption performance to be used as an adsorption matrix (collectively referred to as Mg@BC). This review presents the effects of different Mg@BC preparation methods and synthesis conditions and summarizes the removal capabilities and adsorption mechanisms of Mg@BC for different types of pollutants in water. In addition, the review proposes the prospects for the development of Mg@BC to solve various problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenzhan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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Shan X, Yang L, Zhao Y, Yang H, Xiao Z, An Q, Zhai S. Biochar/Mg-Al spinel carboxymethyl cellulose-La hydrogels with cationic polymeric layers for selective phosphate capture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:736-747. [PMID: 34419814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, biochar-related phosphate sorbents have been extensively investigated and achieved significant progress; however, there is still much room for enhancement on capturing performance and recovery of powdery ones after sorption. Herein, a new kind of adsorbent, in which biochar/Mg-Al spinel encapsulated in carboxymethyl cellulose-La hydrogels with cationic polymeric layers, was fabricated, aiming for integrating multi-advantages of each component for enhanced phosphate capture. Batch static experiments were correlated to the phosphate adsorption performance of the adsorbent. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 89.65 mg P/g at pH = 3. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well with the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent. More importantly, this composite adsorbent that integrated with biochar, Mg-Al spinel, cationic polymeric components exhibited favorable selectivity over coexisting anions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and NO3-) and performed good reusability after five consecutive cycles. By virtue of the bead-like feature, fixed-bed column experiments demonstrated that the Thomas model fitted the breakthrough curves well under varied experimental conditions. The adsorption mechanism of phosphate on the designed composite adsorbent with multi-components could be described as the electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation, which might account for the efficient phosphate capturing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Shan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huarong Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zuoyi Xiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qingda An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shangru Zhai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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9
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Zhang M, Lin K, Li X, Wu L, Yu J, Cao S, Zhang D, Xu L, Parikh SJ, Ok YS. Removal of phosphate from water by paper mill sludge biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118521. [PMID: 34793910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar modification by metals and metal oxides is considered a practical approach for enhancing the adsorption capacity of anionic compounds such as phosphate (P). This study obtained paper mill sludge (PMS) biochar (PMSB) via a one-step process by pyrolyzing PMS waste containing ferric salt to remove anionic P from water. The ferric salt in the sludge was transformed into ferric oxide and zero-valent-iron (Fe0) in N2 atmosphere at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. The maximum adsorption (Qm) of the PMSBs for P ranged from 9.75 to 25.19 mg P/g. Adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process, which implies chemisorption. PMSB obtained at 800 °C (PMSB800) exhibited the best performance for P removal. Fe0 in PMSB800 plays a vital role in P removal via adsorption and coprecipitation, such as forming the ≡Fe-O-P ternary complex. Furthermore, the possible chemical precipitation of P by CaO decomposed from calcite (CaCO3; an additive of paper production that remains in PMS) may also contribute to the removal of P by PMSB800. Moreover, PMSBs can be easily separated magnetically from water after application and adsorption. This study achieved a waste-to-wealth strategy by turning waste PMS into a metal/metal oxide-embedded biochar with excellent P removal capability and simple magnetic separation properties via a one-step pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodian Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Materials & Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Shan X, Yang L, Yang H, Song G, Xiao Z, Ha CS, Zhai S, An Q. Preparation of resin-based composites containing Ce and cationic polymers with abundant promotional affinity sites for phosphate capture. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new type of composite, D301-Ce+, for efficient and selective phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Shan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huarong Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guilin Song
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zuoyi Xiao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chang-sik Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Shangru Zhai
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qingda An
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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11
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Abstract
Biochar is most commonly considered for its use as a soil amendment, where it has gained attention for its potential to improve agricultural production and soil health. Twenty years of near exponential growth in investigation has demonstrated that biochar does not consistently deliver these benefits, due to variables in biochar, soil, climate, and cropping systems. While biochar can provide agronomic improvements in marginal soils, it is less likely to do so in temperate climates and fertile soils. Here, biochar and its coproducts may be better utilized for contaminant remediation or the substitution of nonrenewable or mining-intensive materials. The carbon sequestration function of biochar, via conversion of biomass to stable forms of carbon, does not depend on its incorporation into soil. To aid in the sustainable production and use of biochar, we offer two conceptual decision trees, and ask: What do we currently know about biochar? What are the critical gaps in knowledge? How should the scientific community move forward? Thoughtful answers to these questions can push biochar research towards more critical, mechanistic investigations, and guide the public in the smart, efficient use of biochar which extracts maximized benefits for variable uses, and optimizes its potential to enhance agricultural and environmental sustainability.
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12
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Wang J, Wei J. Facile synthesis of Zr(IV)-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel using PEG as pore-forming agent for enhanced phosphate removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:558-566. [PMID: 33609574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zr(IV)-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as pore-forming agent. The hydrogels exhibited porous structure and the pore size increased with the PEG content. The obtained hydrogels were used as adsorbents for removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel prepared with most amount of PEG displayed largest adsorption amount of phosphate. This result might be attributed to improvement of surface area and pore volume caused by introduction of PEG, which could boost exposure of adsorption sites in the hydrogel and enhance the diffusion of phosphate into interior of the hydrogel. The phosphate adsorption achieved equilibrium within 400 min and the removal process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was reached at pH = 2.0, and the adsorption capacity gradually increased with temperature. In the presence of coexisting anions, SO42- ions exerted much more negative effect on phosphate adsorption than Cl- and NO3- ions. The phosphate adsorption mechanism was related to electrostatic interaction, ligand exchange and ion exchange. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibited relatively stable adsorption capacity after six adsorption/desorption cycles. The present study presented a facile method for preparing an excellent hydrogel adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Jun Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
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13
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Hassan M, Liu Y, Naidu R, Parikh SJ, Du J, Qi F, Willett IR. Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140714. [PMID: 32717463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a porous, amorphous, stable, and low-density carbon material derived from the carbonization of various biological residues. Biochars have multifunctional properties that make them promising adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water. High temperature treatment (HTT) and the properties of feedstocks are key factors influencing the properties of biochars. Feedstocks have distinctive physicochemical properties due to variations in elemental and structural composition, and they respond heterogeneously to specific pyrolysis conditions. The criteria for the selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions for designing biochars for specific sorption properties are inadequately understood. We evaluated the influence of pyrolysis temperature on a wide range of feedstocks to investigate their effects on biochar properties. With increasing HTT, biochar pH, surface area, pore size, ash content, hydrophobicity and O/C vs. H/C (ratios that denote stability) increased, whereas, hydrophilicity, yield of biochar, O/C, and H/C decreased. Discriminant analysis of data from 533 published datasets revealed that biochar derived from hardwood (HBC) and softwood generally have greater surface area and carbon content, but lower content of oxygen and mineral constituents, than manure- (MBC) and grass-derived biochars (GBC). GBC and MBC have abundant oxygen-containing functional groups than SBC and HBC. The sequence of stability and aromaticity of feedstocks was MBC < GBC < SBC < HBC. Therefore, SBC and HBC are suitable for sorption of hydrophobic molecules. Biochars produced from low HTT are suitable for removal of ionic contaminants, whereas those produced at high HTT are suitable for removal of organic contaminants. The influences of biochar properties on sorption performance of heavy metals and organic contaminants are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Hassan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jianhua Du
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ian R Willett
- School of Agriculture & Food, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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14
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Zhang M, Song G, Gelardi DL, Huang L, Khan E, Mašek O, Parikh SJ, Ok YS. Evaluating biochar and its modifications for the removal of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate in water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116303. [PMID: 32841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from water through the use of various sorbents is often considered an economically viable way for supplementing conventional methods. Biochar has been widely studied for its potential adsorption capabilities for soluble N and P, but the performance of different types of biochars can vary widely. In this review, we summarized the adsorption capacities of biochars in removing N (NH4-N and NO3-N) and P (PO4-P) based on the reported data, and discussed the possible mechanisms and influencing factors. In general, the NH4-N adsorption capacity of unmodified biochars is relatively low, at levels of less than 20 mg/g. This adsorption is mainly via ion exchange and/or interactions with oxygen-containing functional groups on biochar surfaces. The affinity is even lower for NO3-N, because of electrostatic repulsion by negatively charged biochar surfaces. Precipitation of PO4-P by metals/metal oxides in biochar is the primary mechanism for PO4-P removal. Biochars modified by metals have a significantly higher capacity to remove NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P than unmodified biochar, due to the change in surface charge and the increase in metal oxides on the biochar surface. Ambient conditions in the aqueous phase, including temperature, pH, and co-existing ions, can significantly alter the adsorption of N and P by biochars, indicating the importance of optimal processing parameters for N and P removal. However, the release of endogenous N and P from biochar to water can impede its performance, and the presence of competing ions in water poses practical challenges for the use of biochar for nutrient removal. This review demonstrates that progress is needed to improve the performance of biochars and overcome challenges before the widespread field application of biochar for N and P removal is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Danielle L Gelardi
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, United States
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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