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Liu Z, Wang B, Wei S, Huang W, Wang Y, Liang Y, Li J, Wang X, Su H. Preparation and Microwave-Absorbing Properties of FeCo Alloys by Condensation Reflux Method. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33692-33701. [PMID: 39130559 PMCID: PMC11307279 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Five groups of FeCo alloy samples with different atomic ratios of Fe/Co (3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3) were prepared using the condensation reflux method. The results indicate that varying the atomic ratios of Fe/Co has a significant impact on the microstructure, electromagnetic parameters, and microwave absorption properties of FeCo alloys. As the Fe atom content increases, the morphology of the FeCo alloys transitions from irregular flower-shaped to uniformly spherical and eventually to lamellar. The attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the five groups of alloys is primarily due to magnetic loss. Among them, Fe6Co4 exhibits the best absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of -35.56 dB at a frequency of 10.40 GHz when the matching thickness is 7.90 mm. Additionally, at a matching thickness of 5.11 mm, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 2.56 GHz (15.44-18 GHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department
of Naval Architecture Engineering, Naval
University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China
| | - Yujiang Wang
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Li
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- National
Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army
Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Su
- State
Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
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2
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Ma G, Lan D, Zhang Y, Sun X, Jia Z, Wu G, Bu G, Yin P. Microporous Cobalt Ferrite with Bio-Carbon Loosely Decorated to Construct Multi-Functional Composite for Dye Adsorption, Anti-Bacteria and Electromagnetic Protection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404449. [PMID: 39011980 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Currently, facing electromagnetic protection requirement under complex aqueous environments, the bacterial reproduction and organic dye corrosion may affect the composition and micro-structures of absorbers to weaken their electromagnetic properties. To address such problems, herein, a series of CoFe2O4@BCNPs (cobalt ferrite @ bio-carbon nanoparticles) composites are synthesized via co-hydrothermal and calcining process. The coupling of magnetic cobalt ferrite and dielectric bio-carbon derived from Apium can endow the composite multiple absorption mechanisms and matched impedance for effective microwave absorption, attaining a bandwidth of 8.12 GHz at 2.36 mm and an intensity of -49.85 dB at 3.0 mm. Due to the ROS (reactive oxygen species) stimulation ability and heavy metal ions of cobalt ferrite, the composite realizes an excellent antibacterial efficiency of 99% against Gram negative bacteria of Escherichia coli. Moreover, the loose porous layer of surface stacked bio-carbon can promote the adsorption of methylene blue for subsequent eliminating, a high removal rate of 90.37% for organic dye can be also achieved. This paper offers a new insight for rational design of composite's component and micro-structure to construct multi-functional microwave absorber for satisfying the electromagnetic protection demand in complicated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Ma
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Di Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Jia
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Wu
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, P. R. China
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3
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Li Z, Zhang L, Wu H. A Regulable Polyporous Graphite/Melamine Foam for Heat Conduction, Sound Absorption and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305120. [PMID: 37926783 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To reduce electromagnetic interference and noise pollution within communication base stations and servers, it is necessary for electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials to transition from coating to multifunctional devices. Up to now, the stable and effective integration of multiple functions into one material by a simple method has remained a large challenge. Herein, a foam-type microwave absorption device assembled with multicomponent organic matter and graphite powder is synthesized by a universal combination process. Melamine and phenolic aldehyde amine work as the skeleton and cementing compound, respectively, in which graphite is embedded in the cementing compound interconnected into the mesoscopic 3D electric conductive and heat conductive network. Interestingly, the prepared flexible graphite/melamine foam (CMF) delivers a great EWA performance, with a great effective absorption bandwidth of 9.8 GHz, ultrathin thickness of 2.60 mm, and a strong absorption reflection loss of -41.7 dB. Moreover, the CMF possesses porosity and flexibility, endowing it with sound absorption ability. The CMF is unique in its integration of EWA, heat conduction, sound absorption, and mechanical robustness, as well as its cost-effective and scalable manufacturing. These attributes make CMF promising as a multifunctional device widely used in communication base stations, servers, and chips protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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4
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Sheykhmoradi S, Ghaffari A, Mirkhan A, Ji G, Tan S, Peymanfar R. Dendrimer-assisted defect and morphology regulation for improving optical, hyperthermia, and microwave-absorbing features. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4222-4236. [PMID: 38332744 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic pollution and cancer are phenomena that essentially endanger the future of humanity. Herein, multiple approaches are being proposed to solve the aforementioned issues. Recent studies have demonstrated that by regulating the morphology, defect, and phase of materials, their microwave absorbing, optical, and hyperthermia properties are tunable. Calcium ferrite with proper dielectric, magnetic, and biocompatible characteristics was chosen as a substantial candidate to promote its microwave-absorbing properties by regulating its structure. Spinel CaFe2O4 was synthesized through sol-gel and solvothermal routes and its phase, defect, and morphology were manipulated using innovative procedures. Glucose was applied as conventional defecting and templating agent; interestingly, a dendrimer was designed to bear and form nanoparticles. More importantly, a novel reductive process was designed to fabricate one-put Ca/Fe3O4 using a solvothermal method. Particularly, polypropylene (PP) was employed as a practical polymeric matrix to fabricate the eventual product. Structures were molded at a low filling ratio to evaluate their optical and microwave-absorbing performance. As expected, defects, morphology, and phase play a pivotal role in tuning the optical and microwave-absorbing properties of calcium ferrite derivates. Interestingly, the dendrimer-assisted (D-A) formation of CaFe2O4 demonstrated a fascinating reflection loss (RL) of 70.11 dB and an efficient bandwidth (RL ≤ -20 dB) of 7.03 GHz with ultralow thickness (0.65 mm) and filling ratio (10 wt%), attaining proper shielding efficiency (SE) and hyperthermia desirable for its practical application as a material for shielding buildings and cancer therapy. The presented perspective develops new inspirations for architecting microwave absorbing/shielding materials with advanced applications in therapeutic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sheykhmoradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Ghaffari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran
| | - Ali Mirkhan
- Iranian Society of Philosophers, Department of Science, Tehran, Iran
- Peykareh Enterprise Development CO., Tehran, Iran
| | - Guangbin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Tan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, P. R. China
| | - Reza Peymanfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran
- Iranian Society of Philosophers, Department of Science, Tehran, Iran
- Peykareh Enterprise Development CO., Tehran, Iran
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Wu Z, Tan X, Wang J, Xing Y, Huang P, Li B, Liu L. MXene Hollow Spheres Supported by a C-Co Exoskeleton Grow MWCNTs for Efficient Microwave Absorption. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38305954 PMCID: PMC10837412 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
High-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials must be studied immediately since electromagnetic pollution has become a problem that cannot be disregarded. A straightforward composite material, comprising hollow MXene spheres loaded with C-Co frameworks, was prepared to develop multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A high impedance and suitable morphology were guaranteed by the C-Co exoskeleton, the attenuation ability was provided by the MWCNTs endoskeleton, and the material performance was greatly enhanced by the layered core-shell structure. When the thickness was only 2.04 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.67 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was - 70.70 dB. At a thickness of 1.861 mm, the sample calcined at 700 °C had a RLmin of - 63.25 dB. All samples performed well with a reduced filler ratio of 15 wt%. This paper provides a method for making lightweight core-shell composite MA materials with magnetoelectric synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjue Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Li X, Hu R, Xiong Z, Wang D, Zhang Z, Liu C, Zeng X, Chen D, Che R, Nie X. Metal-Organic Gel Leading to Customized Magnetic-Coupling Engineering in Carbon Aerogels for Excellent Radar Stealth and Thermal Insulation Performances. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 38047957 PMCID: PMC10695913 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic gel (MOG) derived composites are promising multi-functional materials due to their alterable composition, identifiable chemical homogeneity, tunable shape, and porous structure. Herein, stable metal-organic hydrogels are prepared by regulating the complexation effect, solution polarity and curing speed. Meanwhile, collagen peptide is used to facilitate the fabrication of a porous aerogel with excellent physical properties as well as the homogeneous dispersion of magnetic particles during calcination. Subsequently, two kinds of heterometallic magnetic coupling systems are obtained through the application of Kirkendall effect. FeCo/nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) aerogel demonstrates an ultra-strong microwave absorption of - 85 dB at an ultra-low loading of 5%. After reducing the time taken by atom shifting, a FeCo/Fe3O4/NC aerogel containing virus-shaped particles is obtained, which achieves an ultra-broad absorption of 7.44 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.59 mm due to the coupling effect offered by dual-soft-magnetic particles. Furthermore, both aerogels show excellent thermal insulation property, and their outstanding radar stealth performances in J-20 aircraft are confirmed by computer simulation technology. The formation mechanism of MOG is also discussed along with the thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of the aerogels, which will enable the development and application of novel and lightweight stealth coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhe Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuliang Nie
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Dogari H, Peymanfar R, Ghafuri H. Microwave absorbing characteristics of porphyrin derivates: a loop of conjugated structure. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22205-22215. [PMID: 37492511 PMCID: PMC10363711 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave absorbing architectures have gained a great deal of attention due to their widespread application in diverse fields, especially in refining electromagnetic pollution. The aim of this study is to investigate the metamaterial characteristics of porphyrin derivatives as conjugated rings in the microwave region and evaluate the influence of electron-withdrawing and donating groups on microwave attenuating performance. Initially, an innovative microwave curing procedure was applied to synthesize the derivates; following that, the phenyl, aniline, and nitrophenyl-coupled structures were identified by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and DRS analyses. The optical features illustrated that the characteristic band gap of the conjugated loops is obtained and that the optical performance can be manipulated by coupling the functional groups. Eventually, the achieved results demonstrated that the best microwave absorbing performance is related to aniline-coupled porphyrin with a maximum reflection loss (RL) value of -104.93 dB at 10.09 GHz with 2.80 mm in thickness attaining an efficient bandwidth (EB) (RL ≤ 10 dB) higher than the X-band. Noticeably, polyethylene (PE) was applied as an absorbing matrix presenting a meaningful idea for the development of practical microwave absorbers as a new generation of electromagnetic refining and stealth materials. The presented research provides precious inspiration to tailor novel microwave absorbing materials with metamaterial capability to promote their microwave absorbing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Dogari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology 16846-13114 Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Peymanfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education Saveh Iran
- Iranian Society of Philosophers, Department of Science Tehran Iran
- Peykareh Enterprise Development CO. Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology 16846-13114 Tehran Iran
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Zeng X, Nie T, Zhao C, Yu R. Homogeneous-heterogeneous interfaces in 2D/2D CoAl/Co 9S 8/Ni 3S 4 heterostructures for electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:940-950. [PMID: 37329605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with ultrathin matching thickness (d ≤ 1.5 mm), strong reflection loss (RL ≤ -50 dB), and wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ -10 dB) is urgent and essential for reducing EMW radiation and interference. Herein, a 2D/2D CoAl/Co9S8/Ni3S4 heterostructure was constructured using simple hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods. 2D porous CoAl nanosheets and 2D Co9S8/Ni3S4 ultrathin nanosheets are assembled by small nanoparticle chains. Strikingly, the CoAl/Co9S8/Ni3S4 heterostructure exhibits remarkable EMW absorption performance with a RL value of -61.56 dB, a high EAB of 4 GHz, and an ultrathin matching thickness of 1.25 mm. Mechanism investigations reveal that the CoAl/Co9S8/Ni3S4 heterostructure delivers dual metal sulfides behavior, high specific surface area, strong interactions, rich defects (N doping), and abundant homogeneous and heterogeneous interfaces, which promote good impedance matching, dielectric loss (interface polarization, conductive loss, and dipole polarization), as well as magnetic loss (natural resonance, exchange resonance, and eddy current loss) characteristics. This work can provide insights into the mechanism of dual metal sulfides used as high-performance EMW absorbers and deepen our understanding of the design and application of 2D/2D heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
| | - Tianli Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Ronghai Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Guo Y, Chang Q, Shi Z, Xie J, Yun J, Zhang L, Wu H. Regulating conduction and polarization losses by adjusting bonded N in N-doped Cu/CuO/C composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:444-453. [PMID: 36827910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Conduction and polarization losses are the main forms of dielectric loss, and regulating these mechanisms is key to obtaining favorable electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In this study, the conversion of graphite N and pyridine N in Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived composites was adopted to modulate conduction and polarization losses by tuning the pyrolysis temperature and Cu salt concentration. The results show that increasing the pyrolysis temperature facilitates the conversion of pyridine N to graphite N, which is beneficial for conduction loss. Moreover, increasing the Cu concentration promotes the transformation of pyridine N to graphite N as well as, and then promotes the reverse conversion of graphite N to pyridine N, which is conducive to defect-induced polarization. The unique layered Cu/CuO/C composite obtained at 700 °C with a moderate Cu content exhibited the optimal performance with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.5 GHz (11.6 ∼ 17.1 GHz) at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.56 mm. This is owed to its favorable impedance matching, significant conduction loss, and polarization loss (defect-induced polarization and interfacial polarization). This study provides a novel strategy for regulating conduction and polarization losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Zhaoxiaohan Shi
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jiayuan Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jijun Yun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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10
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Li Y, Qing Y, Yao H, Xu H, Wu H. A novel plasma-sprayed Ti 4O 7/carbon nanotubes/Al 2O 3 coating with bifunctional microwave application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:165-175. [PMID: 37148682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-performance microwave absorption coatings are critically required in the stealth defense system of military platforms. Regrettably, just optimizing the property but neglecting the application feasibility seriously inhibits its practical application in the field of microwave absorption. To face this challenge, the Ti4O7/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Al2O3 coatings were successfully fabricated by a plasma-sprayed method. For the different oxygen vacancy-induced Ti4O7 coatings, the enhanced ε' and ε'' values in the frequency of X-band is due to the synergistic manipulation of conductive path, defects and interfacial polarization. The optimal reflection loss of Ti4O7/CNTs/Al2O3 sample (0 wt% CNTs) is -55.7 dB (8.9 GHz of 2.41 mm), while the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of Ti4O7/CNTs/Al2O3 sample (5 wt% CNTs) increases to 20.5 dB as the enhanced electrical conductivity. In special, the flexural strength of Ti4O7/CNTs/Al2O3 coatings first increases from 48.59 MPa (0 wt% CNTs) to 67.13 MPa (2.5 wt% CNTs) and then decreases to 38.31 MPa (5 wt% CNTs), demonstrating that an appropriate amount of CNTs evenly dispersed in the Ti4O7/Al2O3 ceramic matrix can effectively play the role of CNTs as the strengthening phase of the coatings. This research will provide a strategy by tailoring synergistic effect of dielectric loss and conduction loss for oxygen vacancy-mediated Ti4O7 material to broaden the application of absorbing or shielding ceramic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Yuchang Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Haoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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11
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Fabrication of CuS/Fe 3O 4@polypyrrole flower-like composites for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:481-494. [PMID: 36542977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, electromagnetic radiation is a serious threat to equipment accuracy, military safety and human health. The combination with different materials to fabricate absorber composites with well-designed morphology is expected to ameliorate this issue. In here, CuS/Fe3O4@polypyrrole (CuS/Fe3O4@PPy) flower-like composites are constructed by the combination of hydrothermal method, solvothermal method and in-situ polymerization. CuS with flower-like structure consisting of nanosheets can provide a conductive backbone and large specific surface area. Hollow Fe3O4 microspheres play a key role in deciding magnetic loss, and electromagnetic waves can penetrate their hollow structure, result in multiple reflection and refraction. PPy coating can enhance the combined strength of composite, and effectively consume microwaves by scattering and multiple refraction in the intercalated structure. As expected, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of CuS/Fe3O4@PPy composites is -74.12 dB at 8.16 GHz with a thickness of 2.96 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.6 GHz (13.4-18.0 GHz) at 1.68 mm. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performances are attributed to the synergy effect of different components. This work provides a unique strategy for the structural design of flower-like microspheres in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
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12
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Hui S, Zhang L, Wu H. Cationic doping induced sulfur vacancy formation in polyionic sulfide for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:147-155. [PMID: 36152572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vacancy engineering has been shown to be an effective way to tune the electromagnetic parameters of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers and improve their absorption properties. However, the current methods to induce the formation of sulfur vacancies are not enough, and the contribution of sulfur vacancies to EMW absorption has not been clearly described. This work proposes a method to induce sulfur vacancies generation in the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) system by cation doping. It is found that the formation of sulfur vacancies depends on reactivity with doping cations and the less reactive cation is more favorable for the formation of sulfur vacancies. Benefiting from the improved sulfur vacancies concentration, the defect-induced polarization and dipole polarization are greatly enhanced, which allows the EMW absorber to exhibit excellent EMW absorption performance. Therefore, the minimum reflection loss of the cation-doped CZTS reaches -61.80 dB at a thickness of 2.00 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 6.29 GHz at 2.30 mm. This work not only expounds on the significant roles of sulfur vacancies in EMW absorption mechanism, but also presents a novel idea for defect construction of copper-based chalcogenide semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchong Hui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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13
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Mohammed I, Mohammed J, Srivastava AK. Recent Progress in Hexagonal Ferrites Based Composites for Microwave Absorption. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Physics School of Physical Sciences and Chemical Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
| | - Jibrin Mohammed
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Federal University Dutse Dutse Jigawa P.M.B. 7156 Nigeria
| | - Ajeet Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Physics School of Computer Sciences and Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
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Shen H, Wang Z, Wang C, Zou P, Hou Z, Xu C, Wu H. Defect- and Interface-Induced Dielectric Loss in ZnFe 2O 4/ZnO/C Electromagnetic Wave Absorber. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2871. [PMID: 36014736 PMCID: PMC9414697 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling defects and interfaces in composite absorbers can effectively regulate electromagnetic (EM) parameters and enhance the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption ability, but the mechanism still needs to be further elucidated. In this study, ZnFe2O4/ZnO/C composite was synthesized via the hydrothermal method followed by post-annealing in different atmospheres. Defects and interfaces were characterized by Raman, PL spectroscopy, XPS and TEM, and their relationship with dielectric loss and EMW absorption performance was discussed in detail. Results show that the N2-annealed ZnFe2O4/ZnO/C composite with abundant defects and interfaces as well as an optimized composition exhibits excellent EMW dissipation ability, with a RLmin value of -17.4 dB and an fe of 3.85 GHz at a thickness of 2.28 mm. The excellent EMW absorption performance originates from suitable impedance matching, significant conduction loss and strong dielectric loss (interfacial polarization, diploe polarization and defect polarization) dominated by lattice defects and interfaces. This study provides a view into the relationship between defects, interfaces, EM parameters and EMW absorption ability, and also suggests an effective way to promote EMW dissipation ability of the absorbers by controlling defects and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Science, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hou
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Chunlong Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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15
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Transferring A4 Paper to FeNi3/NiCx Coated Carbon Skeleton for Efficient Absorption of Multiband Microwave. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, A4 typing paper was used as a novel source to manufacture FeNi3 and NiCx coated carbon skeleton via facile routes. The product was examined for its ability to absorb electromagnetic emission which can be a health hazard. The impact of precursor concentration on the final electromagnetic wave absorption of samples was evaluated; the composite prepared under suitable concentration possesses outstanding multiband absorption ability of −34.64 dB and −26.7 dB at 2.32 GHz and 17.2 GHz, respectively, together with an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth of 9.58 GHz at only 3.9 mm. The strong dipole polarization and broad frequency range of preferable impedance matching, along with the coupling of other auxiliary mechanisms, are responsible for this excellent property. The as-prepared absorber has great potency for multiband absorption of electromagnetic waves.
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Qin M, Zhang L, Wu H. Dielectric Loss Mechanism in Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105553. [PMID: 35128836 PMCID: PMC8981909 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials play an increasingly important role in modern society for their multi-functional in military stealth and incoming 5G smart era. Dielectric loss EM wave absorbers and underlying loss mechanism investigation are of great significance to unveil EM wave attenuation behaviors of materials and guide novel dielectric loss materials design. However, current researches focus more on materials synthesis rather than in-depth mechanism study. Herein, comprehensive views toward dielectric loss mechanisms including interfacial polarization, dipolar polarization, conductive loss, and defect-induced polarization are provided. Particularly, some misunderstandings and ambiguous concepts for each mechanism are highlighted. Besides, in-depth dielectric loss study and novel dielectric loss mechanisms are emphasized. Moreover, new dielectric loss mechanism regulation strategies instead of regular components compositing are summarized to provide inspiring thoughts toward simple and effective EM wave attenuation behavior modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinarySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
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