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Zhang P, Chen K, Li J, Wang M, Li M, Liu Y, Pan Y. Bifunctional Single Atom Catalysts for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries: From Dynamic Mechanism to Rational Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303243. [PMID: 37283478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ever-growing demands for rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) call for efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. Among various electrocatalysts, single atom catalysts (SACs) have received increasing attention due to the merits of high atom utilization, structural tunability, and remarkable activity. Rational design of bifunctional SACs relies heavily on an in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, especially dynamic evolution under electrochemical conditions. This requires a systematic study in dynamic mechanisms to replace current trial and error modes. Herein, fundamental understanding of dynamic oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction mechanisms for SACs is first presented combining in situ and/or operando characterizations and theoretical calculations. By highlighting structure-performance relationships, rational regulation strategies are particularly proposed to facilitate the design of efficient bifunctional SACs. Furthermore, future perspectives and challenges are discussed. This review provides a thorough understanding of dynamic mechanisms and regulation strategies for bifunctional SACs, which are expected to pave the avenue for exploring optimum single atom bifunctional oxygen catalysts and effective ZABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Kuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jiaye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
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Tu Y, Li C, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Xiao W, Zhu S, Lv P, Yan X. Low-temperature molten salt synthesis and catalytic mechanism of CoS 2/NC as an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37486320 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of productive and sustainable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays an important role in the commercial evolution of metal-air batteries. In this paper, a low-temperature molten salt template method was adopted to synthesize the composite of CoS2 and nitrogen-doped carbon (CoS2/NC) without the protection of inert gas. The structural characterization studies show that the specific surface area (SSA) and crystal growth kinetics are increased and effectively improved, respectively, by the composite of CoS2 and NC. The as-synthesized CoS2/NC composite demonstrates outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes and exhibits a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.854 V (vs. RHE) and an overpotential of only 220 mV for the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 (η10). Simultaneously, CoS2/NC also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have manifested that the synergistic effect of CoS2 and NC results in a remarkable enhancement in the bifunctional catalytic performance of the composite materials. This study offers a new pathway and theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Tu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chuanhua Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Yubao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shenghua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei, PR China.
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Hao R, Chen J, Hu J, Gu S, Gan Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Luo W, Yuan H, Liu G, Yan C, Zhang J, Liu K, Liu C, Lu Z. Precisely manipulated π-π stacking of catalytic exfoliated iron polyphthalocyanine/reduced graphene oxide hybrid via pyrolysis-free path. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:900-909. [PMID: 37235935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal macrocycles with well-defined molecular structures are ideal platforms for the in-depth study of electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Structural integrity of metal macrocycles is vital but remain challenging since the commonly used high-temperature pyrolysis would cause severe structure damage and unidentifiable active sites. Herein, we propose a pyrolysis-free strategy to precisely manipulate the exfoliated 2D iron polyphthalocyanine (FePPc) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via π-π stacking using facile high-energy ball milling. A delocalized electron shift caused by π-π interaction is firstly found to be the mechanism of facilitating the remarkable ORR activity of this hybrid catalyst. The optimal FePPc@rGO-HE achieves superior half-wave potential (0.90 V) than 20 % Pt/C. This study offers a new insight in designing stable and high-performance metal macrocycle catalysts with well-defined active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Shuai Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qingmeng Gan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guiyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chunliu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Xu H, Xiao L, Yang P, Lu X, Liu L, Wang D, Zhang J, An M. Solvent environment engineering to synthesize FeNC nanocubes with densely Fe-N x sites as oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn-air battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:242-251. [PMID: 36738547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF)-derived iron-nitrogen-carbon (FeNC) materials are expected to be high-efficiency catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, increasing the density of active sites while avoiding metal accumulation still faces significant challenges. Herein, solvent environment engineering is used to synthesize the FeNC containing dense Fe-Nx moieties by adjusting the solvent during the ZIF precursor synthesis process. Compared with methanol and water/methanol, the aqueous media can provide a more moderate Fe content for the ZIF precursor, which facilitates the construction of high-density Fe-Nx sites and prevent the appearance of iron-based nanoparticles during pyrolysis. Therefore, the FeNC(C) nanocubes synthesized in an aqueous media have the highest single atom Fe loading (0.6 at%) among the prepared samples, which presents excellent oxygen reduction properties and durability under alkaline and acidic conditions. The advantage of FeNC(C) is proven in Zn-air batteries, with outstanding performance and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Xiao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Peixia Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China.
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Lilai Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, 150022 Harbin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 213164 Changzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Maozhong An
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
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Wang C, Wang T, Liu Q, Jia W, Han X, Wu D. Starch-based porous carbon microsphere composited NiCo 2O 4 nanoflower as bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124604. [PMID: 37116841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to explore and design outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries. Herein, a novel porous carbon microspheres (CMS2) modified by NiCo2O4 nanoflower (CMS2-NiCo2O4) has been prepared as an ORR and OER catalyst. The hierarchical porous structure of CMS provides high conductivity and abundant active sites for ORR, whereas the synergistic effect of NiCo2O4 nanosheets and a small amount of FeZn oxides act as the positive phase for OER. The efficient oxygen catalytic activity is gained by creating a coupling interface between NiCo2O4 and CMS. The optimized CMS2-NiCo2O4 shows a half-wave potential of 0.82 V toward ORR and an overpotential of 392 mV toward OER. Particularly, CMS2-NiCo2O4 also exhibits an excellent peak power density (175.5 mW cm-2) as a catalyst for zinc-air batteries, which is superior to the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst (120.5 mW cm-2), and it also demonstrates a remarkable stability even after the charge-discharge cycles of 167 h. The prepared CMS2-NiCo2O4 is promising for the application of the bimetallic oxide catalyst for zinc-air battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China; Physics and Chemistry Analysis Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Dongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
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Han J, Niu X, Guan J. Unveiling the role of defects in iron oxyhydroxide for oxygen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:167-175. [PMID: 36586142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of earth-abundant and robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is imperative for cost-effective hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein, we report ultrafine iron (oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles with average particle size of 2.6 nm and abundant surface defects homogeneously supported on oleum-treated graphite (FeOx(n)@HG-T), providing abundant active sites for the OER. The optimal FeOx(0.03)@HG-110 exhibits high electrocatalytic OER activity and excellent stability. Electrochemical testing results and theoretical calculations reveal that the outstanding OER activity of FeOx(0.03)@HG-110 is due to its stronger charge transfer ability and lower OER energy barrier than defect-free FeOx nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that the OER performance of oxyhydroxide-based electrocatalysts can be improved by surface defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Han
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jingqi Guan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China.
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Boateng E, Thiruppathi AR, Hung CK, Chow D, Sridhar D, Chen A. Functionalization of Graphene-based Nanomaterials for Energy and Hydrogen Storage. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Liu X, Liu X, Li C, Yang B, Wang L. Defect engineering of electrocatalysts for metal-based battery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Han S, Peng S, Gao Z, Sun M, Cheng G, Zhang H, Su X, Chen M, Yu L. Green bridge between waste and energy: conversion the rotten wood into cathode for functional Zn-air battery. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Kang X, Dong Y, Guan H, Al-Tahan MA, Zhang J. Manipulating the electrocatalytic activity of sulfur cathode via distinct cobalt sulfides as sulfur host materials in lithium-sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:515-525. [PMID: 35525150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For the better development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, it is necessary to fabricate sulfur hosts with cheap, rapid sulfur reaction dynamic and inhibiting the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, four hollow cubic materials with two kinds of nitrogen-doped carbon derived from Prussian blue analogues (PBA) precursor, Co9S8/MnS/NC@NC-400, CoS2/MnS/NC@NC-500, CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 and CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-700, are reported when the vulcanization temperatures are regulated at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Among them, Co9S8/MnS/NC@NC-400, CoS2/MnS/NC@NC-500 and CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 have the similar hollow cubic structure, which can physically confine the LiPSs's shuttle, however, the Co vacancies of CoS1.097 in the CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 can promote the rearrangement of surface electrons, which is beneficial to the diffusion of Li+/e-, improving the electrochemical reaction kinetics. As for the CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-700 with the same substance but almost collapsed structure, the CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 can accommodate the volume expansion of sulfur conversion. In the four sulfur-host materials, the CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 not only displays the outstanding adsorption ability on LiPSs, but also presents the best electrocatalytic activity in the Li2S potentiostatic deposition experiments and active sulfur reduction/oxidation conversion reactions, greatly promoting the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries. The S@CoS1.097/MnS/NC@NC-600 cathode can deliver 1010.2 mA h g-1 at 0.5 C and maintain 651.1 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles. In addition, the in-situ X-ray diffraction (in-situ XRD) test reveals that the sulfur conversion mechanism is the processes of the α-S8 → Li2S → β-S8 (first cycle), then β-S8 ↔ Li2S during the subsequent cycles. Based on the fundamental understanding of the design and preparation of CoxSy/MnS/NC@NC hosts with the desired adsorption and catalysis functions, the work can provide new insights and reveal the defect-engineering to develop the advanced Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Kang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yutao Dong
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Guan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mohammed A Al-Tahan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Maruyama J, Nakajima D, Maruyama S, Takenaka S, Mizuhata H, Yoshida A, Kawaguchi M. Graphitic Carbon Materials with Various Nanostructures Decorated with Fe-N-C Catalytically Active Sites for Air Electrodes. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kamali H, Mehrpooya M, Mousavi SA, Ganjali MR. Introducing mesoporous-silica-protected calcination for improving the electrochemical performance of Cu@Fe-N-C composite in oxygen reduction reaction and supercapacitor applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-based nanomaterials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and supercapacitor (SC) is drastically confined by their quick aggregation and irreversible fusion of metal nanoparticles. Herein,...
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