1
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Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang C, Kang Y, Wang M, Wu F, Huang W. Multifunctional MoC x Hybrid Polyimide Aerogel with Modified Porous Defect Engineering for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308378. [PMID: 38453681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Traditional electromagnetic absorbing materials (EWAMs) are usually single functions and can easily affect their performance in diverse application scenarios. Effective integration of EWAMs into multiple function components is a valuable strategy to achieve maximum absorption and multifunction performance while maintaining their indispensable physical and chemical properties. In this work, the polyoxometalates (POMs) serving as "guests" are embedded within the Co-MOFs to construct 3d/4d-bimetallic based crystalline precursors of dielectric/magnetic synergistic system. The proper pyrolysis temperature induced the homogeneously distributed metallic Co and MoCx hetero-units into carbon matrix with modified porous defect engineering to enhance electromagnetic wave (EW). Owing to the brilliant synergistic effect of polarization, magnetic loss, and impedance matching, the superior RLmin of -47.72 dB at 11.76 GHz at the thickness of 2.0 mm and a wide adequate absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.58 GHz (7.44-12.02 GHz) covered the whole X-band at the thickness of 2.5 mm for η-MoC/Co@NC-800 are observed. More importantly, the resulting MoCx hybrid polyimide (MCP) aerogel exhibits desirable properties such as structural robustness, nonflammability, excellent thermal insulation, and self-cleaning capabilities that are comparable to those of commercially available products. This work offers inspiration and strategy for creating multipurpose microwave absorbers with intricate structural designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yifan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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2
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Xie H, Li J, Yang R, Yang J, Wang T, Wang Q. Controllable fabrication of CoNi bimetallic alloy for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9791-9797. [PMID: 38528925 PMCID: PMC10961963 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
With the coming era of artificial intelligence (AI) dominated by high-tech electronics, developing high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs) is imperative to solve the problem of increasing electromagnetic inference and pollution. Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived CoNi bimetallic alloy (CoNi/C) with an irregular rod-like structure is prepared by a thermal reduction method. Introducing the CoNi alloy facilitates the balance between conduction loss and polarization loss and forms good impedance matching, leading to excellent microwave absorption performance. Interestingly, the optimization of absorption performance can be further achieved by controllably modulating the molar ratio of Co and Ni (Co2+/Ni2+). As expected, the obtained CoNi/C delivers excellent microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -50.80 dB at 10.40 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.28 GHz (8.91-12.19 GHz) with a filler loading of 50 wt% at 2.0 mm. In addition, the CoNi/C can reach a maximum EAB of 4.77 GHz (12.99-17.76 GHz) at a low thickness of 1.5 mm, spanning nearly the entire Ku band. The CoNi3/C also exhibits an impressive RLmin of -44.84 dB at 3.28 GHz in the S band. This work offers a novel strategy to modulate the magnetic/electric properties of MOF-derived MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Juan Yang
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Tingmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
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Wu Z, Tan X, Wang J, Xing Y, Huang P, Li B, Liu L. MXene Hollow Spheres Supported by a C-Co Exoskeleton Grow MWCNTs for Efficient Microwave Absorption. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38305954 PMCID: PMC10837412 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
High-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials must be studied immediately since electromagnetic pollution has become a problem that cannot be disregarded. A straightforward composite material, comprising hollow MXene spheres loaded with C-Co frameworks, was prepared to develop multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A high impedance and suitable morphology were guaranteed by the C-Co exoskeleton, the attenuation ability was provided by the MWCNTs endoskeleton, and the material performance was greatly enhanced by the layered core-shell structure. When the thickness was only 2.04 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.67 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was - 70.70 dB. At a thickness of 1.861 mm, the sample calcined at 700 °C had a RLmin of - 63.25 dB. All samples performed well with a reduced filler ratio of 15 wt%. This paper provides a method for making lightweight core-shell composite MA materials with magnetoelectric synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjue Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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Rehman SU, Xu S, Li Z, Tao T, Zhang J, Xia H, Xu H, Ma K, Wang J. Hierarchical-Bioinspired MOFs Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306466. [PMID: 37775327 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins exhibit complex and diverse multi-dimensional structures, along with a wide range of functional groups capable of binding metal ions. By harnessing the unique characteristics of proteins, it is possible to enhance the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and modify their morphology. Here, the utilization of biomineralized bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein as a template for synthesizing Mil-100 with superior microwave absorption (MA) properties is investigated. The multi-dimensional structure and abundant functional groups of biomineralized BSA protein make it an ideal candidate for guiding the synthesis of Mil-100 with intricate network structures. The BSA@Mil-100 synthesized using this method exhibits exceptional uniformity and monodispersity of nanocrystals. The findings suggest that the BSA protein template significantly influences the regulation of nanocrystal and microstructure formation of Mil-100, resulting in a highly uniform and monodisperse structure. Notably, the synthesized 2-BSA@Mil-100 demonstrates a high reflection loss value of -58 dB at 8.85 GHz, along with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth value of 6.79 GHz, spanning from 6.01 to 12.8 GHz. Overall, this study highlights the potential of utilizing BSA protein as a template for MOF synthesis, offering an effective strategy for the design and development of high-performance MA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rehman
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongxiang Tao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haining Xia
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hunagtao Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ma
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Sun X, Cai X, Zhan X, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wu G, Wang X. Large Microsphere Structure of a Co/C Composite Derived from Co-MOF with Excellent Wideband Electromagnetic Microwave Absorption Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59681-59692. [PMID: 38086762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the field of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, carbon matrix materials based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn more interest as a result of their outstanding advantages, such as porous structure, lightweight, controlled morphology, etc. However, how to broaden the effective absorption bandwidth [EAB; reflection loss (RL) ≤ -10 dB] is still a challenge. In this paper, large microsphere structures of a Co/C composite composed of small particle clusters were successfully prepared by the solvothermal method and annealing treatment. At a filling ratio of 40 wt %, the Co/C composite shows attractive microwave absorption (MA) performance after being annealed at 600 °C in an atmosphere of argon. With an EAB of 6.32 GHz (9.92-16.24 GHz) and a thickness of just 2.57 mm, the minimum RL can be attained at -54.55 dB. Most importantly, the EAB can attain 7.12 GHz (10.88-18.0 GHz) when the thickness is 2.38 mm, which is larger than that of the majority of MOF-derived composites. The superior MA performance is strongly related to excellent impedance matching and a higher attenuation constant. This study provides a simple strategy for synthesizing a MOF-derived Co/C composite with a wide EAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Cai
- Science and Technology on Near-Surface Detection Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhan
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Wu
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liu X, Tian K, Chen Z, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhu J, Sun S, Xu L. Synthesis of NiCo-BNSA/RGO/MDCF with three-dimensional porous network structure as an excellent microwave absorber. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:396-406. [PMID: 37418890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Melamine-derived carbon foam (MDCF) and nickel-cobalt bimetallic nanosheet arrays (NiCo-BNSA) possess unique porous structures and excellent microwave absorption (MA) properties, making them potentially useful in MA applications. In this investigation, we fabricated NiCo-BNSA/reduced graphene oxide/MDCF (NiCo-BNSA/RGO/MDCF) composites utilizing a two-stage synthesis protocol. This process incorporated melamine foam (MF) pretreatment, carbonization, and a subsequent in-situ growth stage, resulting in the creation of a three-dimensional porous network structure. By adjusting the RGO volume, we were able to manipulate the structure and composition of the NiCo-BNSA/RGO/MDCF composites, leading to an enhancement in their MA performance. It was also observed that the NiCo-BNSA was evenly distributed on the surface of both the RGO and MDCF. The composites exhibited an optimal reflection loss (RLmin) of -67.8 dB at a thickness of 2.50 mm, and by varying their thickness, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ -10 dB) extended to 9.80 GHz, encompassing the entire C and X bands. This study presents a novel approach for fabricating lightweight and efficient carbon-based MA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Konghu Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Analysis and Test Center, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China.
| | - Zhihong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Jinbo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Sheng Sun
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
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7
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Sun C, Zhao KY, Huang ML, Luo CL, Chen XD, Wu H, Wang M. Heterointerface construction for permalloy microparticles through the surface modification of bilayer metallic organic frameworks: Toward microwave absorption enhancement. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:454-465. [PMID: 37137212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reasonable heterointerface modification can effectively regulate and enhance the microwave absorption of electromagnetic materials. The surface of magnetic permalloy (PM) microparticles is modified herein by coating double-layer metal organic frameworks (MOF), which are composed of a 2-methylimidazole cobalt salt (ZIF-67) layer and a 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8) layer. A stable heterointerface structure with cobalt/carbon (Co/C) and zinc/carbon (Zn/C) layers is formed on the surface of PM microparticles after pyrolysis. These particles include two types of composite particles of PM solely encapsulated by ZIF-67 or ZIF-8, PM@ZIF67 and PM@ZIF8, respectively, and two types of composite PM particles with a double-layered MOF outer shell structure obtained by exchanging the coating sequence (PM@ZIF8@ZIF67 and PM@ZIF67@ZIF8). Furthermore, the thermal decomposition temperature has a significant impact on the surface morphology and magnetic properties of the composite particles. After pyrolyzing at 500 °C, the PM@ZIF67@ZIF8 samples exhibit the highest microwave absorption performance among these samples. Specifically, the minimum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth of PM@ZIF67@ZIF8 after pyrolyzing at 500 °C can reach -47.3 dB at a matching thickness of 3.8 mm and 5.3 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.5 mm, respectively. A heterointerface with an electrical field orientation is created in the PM@ZIF67@ZIF8 particles, which effectively enhances the interface polarization and dipole polarization. Furthermore, the formation of a three-dimensional carbon network after pyrolysis is also useful for optimizing impedance matching and enhancing magneto-electric synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Kun-Yan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Ming-Lu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Cheng-Long Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang 515200 PR China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 PR China.
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 PR China.
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Gao Z, Iqbal A, Hassan T, Zhang L, Wu H, Koo CM. Texture Regulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks, Microwave Absorption Mechanism-Oriented Structural Optimization and Design Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204151. [PMID: 36253151 PMCID: PMC9762306 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Texture regulation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for controlling their electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in texture regulation strategies for MOFs, including etching and exchange of central ions, etching and exchange of ligands, chemically induced self-assembly, and MOF-on-MOF heterostructure design. Additionally, the EMW absorption mechanisms in approaches based on structure-function dependencies, including nano-micro topological engineering, defect engineering, interface engineering, and hybrid engineering, are comprehensively explored. Finally, current challenges and future research orientation are proposed. This review aims to provide new perspectives for designing MOF-derived EMW-absorption materials to achieve essential breakthroughs in mechanistic investigations in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinaryNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungKyunKwan UniversitySeobu‐ro 2066, Jangan‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Aamir Iqbal
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungKyunKwan UniversitySeobu‐ro 2066, Jangan‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Tufail Hassan
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungKyunKwan UniversitySeobu‐ro 2066, Jangan‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Limin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinaryNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Hongjing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under ExtraordinaryNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Chong Min Koo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungKyunKwan UniversitySeobu‐ro 2066, Jangan‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungKyunKwan UniversitySeobu‐ro 2066, Jangan‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
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9
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Tao J, Tan R, Xu L, Zhou J, Yao Z, Lei Y, Chen P, Li Z, Ou JZ. Ion-Exchange Strategy for Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Composites with Tunable Hollow Porous and Microwave Absorption. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200429. [PMID: 35676230 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hollow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with careful phase engineering have been considered to be suitable candidates for high-performance microwave absorbents. However, there has been a lack of direct methods tailored to MOFs in this area. Here, a facile and safe Ni2+ -exchange strategy is proposed to synthesize graphite/CoNi alloy hollow porous composites from Ni2+ concentration-dependent etching of Zeolite imidazole frame-67 (ZIF-67) MOF and subsequent thermal field regulation. Such a special combination of hollow structure and carefully selected hybrid phase are with optimized impedance matching and electromagnetic attenuation. Especially, the suitable carrier transport model and the rich polarization site enhance the dielectric loss, while more significant hysteresis loss and more natural resonance increase the magnetic loss. As a result, excellent microwave absorbing (MA) performances of both broadband absorption (7.63 GHz) and high-efficiency loss (-63.79 dB) are obtained. Moreover, the applicability and practicability of the strategy are demonstrated. This work illustrates the unique advantages of ion-exchange strategy in structure design, component optimization, and electromagnetic regulation, providing a new reference for the 5G cause and MA field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ruiyang Tan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Linling Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jintang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jian Zhen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
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10
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Gogoi D, Korde R, Chauhan VS, Patra MK, Roy D, Das MR, Ghosh NN. CoFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles Grown within Porous Al 2O 3 and Immobilized on Graphene Nanosheets: A Hierarchical Nanocomposite for Broadband Microwave Absorption. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28624-28635. [PMID: 35990457 PMCID: PMC9386821 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Demands to develop efficient microwave-absorbing materials are increasing with the advancement of information technology and the exponential rise in the usage of electromagnetic devices. To reduce electromagnetic interference and to overcome the adverse effects caused by microwave exposure resulting from the excessive usage of electromagnetic devices, microwave absorbers are very necessary. In addition, radar-absorbing materials are essential for stealth technology in military applications. Herein, we report a nanocomposite in which CoFe2O4 (CF) nanoparticles were grown within the porous structure of Al2O3 (PA), and this CoFe2O4-loaded Al2O3 (PA-CF) nanocomposite was immobilized on the surface of nanometer-thin graphene sheets (Gr). Owing to the hierarchical structure created by the constituents, the (60PA-40CF)90-Gr10 nanocomposite exhibited excellent microwave-absorption properties in the X-band region with a reflection loss (RL) value of ∼-30.68 dB (∼99.9% absorption) at 10.71 and 9.04 GHz when thicknesses were 2.0 and 2.3 mm, respectively. This nanocomposite demonstrated its competence as a lightweight, high-performance microwave absorber in the X-band region, which can be utilized in the applications of pioneering stealth technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Gogoi
- Nano-Materials
Lab, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Raghavendra Korde
- Nano-Materials
Lab, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar Patra
- Defence
Lab, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Jodhpur 342011, India
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Defence
Materials and Stores Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE)
DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, PO DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur 208013, India
| | - Manash R. Das
- Advanced
Materials Group, Materials Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Narendra Nath Ghosh
- Nano-Materials
Lab, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
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11
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Li J, Wu Q, Wang X, Wang B, Liu T. Metal-organic framework-derived Co/CoO nanoparticles with tunable particle size for strong low-frequency microwave absorption in the S and C bands. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:10-21. [PMID: 35908427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, constructing strong absorption materials addressing the low-frequency electromagnetic radiation (S and C bands) from electronic devices remains a significant challenge. In this work, size-tunable Co/CoO nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by decomposing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) precursors and subsequent hydrogen reduction. All samples show obvious low-frequency attenuation in the S and C bands. At a thin thickness of 2.3 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL) value for the Co/CoO NPs of 30 nm reaches up to -90.3 dB at 4.4 GHz, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of RL ≤ -10 dB ranges from 3.8 to 5.4 GHz. Notably, 90 % of the electromagnetic waves can be absorbed in the frequency range of 2.3-13.2 GHz, covering almost the entire S, C, and X bands at a thickness of 1.0-4.0 mm. The strong low-frequency absorption performance is attributed to the nano-porous structure, high conduction loss, tunable dielectric/magnetic loss, as well as optimized impedance matching. These Co/CoO NPs are promising candidates for high-efficient microwave absorbers in the low-frequency application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Baolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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12
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Transferring A4 Paper to FeNi3/NiCx Coated Carbon Skeleton for Efficient Absorption of Multiband Microwave. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, A4 typing paper was used as a novel source to manufacture FeNi3 and NiCx coated carbon skeleton via facile routes. The product was examined for its ability to absorb electromagnetic emission which can be a health hazard. The impact of precursor concentration on the final electromagnetic wave absorption of samples was evaluated; the composite prepared under suitable concentration possesses outstanding multiband absorption ability of −34.64 dB and −26.7 dB at 2.32 GHz and 17.2 GHz, respectively, together with an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth of 9.58 GHz at only 3.9 mm. The strong dipole polarization and broad frequency range of preferable impedance matching, along with the coupling of other auxiliary mechanisms, are responsible for this excellent property. The as-prepared absorber has great potency for multiband absorption of electromagnetic waves.
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13
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Huang X, Wei J, Zhang Y, Qian B, Jia Q, Liu J, Zhao X, Shao G. Ultralight Magnetic and Dielectric Aerogels Achieved by Metal-Organic Framework Initiated Gelation of Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Microwave Absorption. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:107. [PMID: 35438351 PMCID: PMC9019009 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used to directly initiate the gelation of graphene oxide (GO), producing MOF/rGO aerogels. The ultralight magnetic and dielectric aerogels show remarkable microwave absorption performance with ultralow filling contents. The development of a convenient methodology for synthesizing the hierarchically porous aerogels comprising metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene oxide (GO) building blocks that exhibit an ultralow density and uniformly distributed MOFs on GO sheets is important for various applications. Herein, we report a facile route for synthesizing MOF/reduced GO (rGO) aerogels based on the gelation of GO, which is directly initiated using MOF crystals. Free metal ions exposed on the surface of MIL-88A nanorods act as linkers that bind GO nanosheets to a three-dimensional porous network via metal-oxygen covalent or electrostatic interactions. The MOF/rGO-derived magnetic and dielectric aerogels Fe3O4@C/rGO and Ni-doped Fe3O4@C/rGO show notable microwave absorption (MA) performance, simultaneously achieving strong absorption and broad bandwidth at low thickness of 2.5 (- 58.1 dB and 6.48 GHz) and 2.8 mm (- 46.2 dB and 7.92 GHz) with ultralow filling contents of 0.7 and 0.6 wt%, respectively. The microwave attenuation ability of the prepared aerogels is further confirmed via a radar cross-sectional simulation, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of their hierarchically porous structures and heterointerface engineering. This work provides an effective pathway for fabricating hierarchically porous MOF/rGO hybrid aerogels and offers magnetic and dielectric aerogels for ultralight MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogu Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiawen Wei
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - BinBin Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jia
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Shao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Xu H, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ning M, Ouyang B, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Liu P. Size-Dependent Oxidation-Induced Phase Engineering for MOFs Derivatives Via Spatial Confinement Strategy Toward Enhanced Microwave Absorption. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:102. [PMID: 35412156 PMCID: PMC9005575 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Precisely reducing the size of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives is an effective strategy to manipulate their phase engineering owing to size-dependent oxidation; however, the underlying relationship between the size of derivatives and phase engineering has not been clarified so far. Herein, a spatial confined growth strategy is proposed to encapsulate small-size MOFs derivatives into hollow carbon nanocages. It realizes that the hollow cavity shows a significant spatial confinement effect on the size of confined MOFs crystals and subsequently affects the dielectric polarization due to the phase hybridization with tunable coherent interfaces and heterojunctions owing to size-dependent oxidation motion, yielding to satisfied microwave attenuation with an optimal reflection loss of -50.6 dB and effective bandwidth of 6.6 GHz. Meanwhile, the effect of phase hybridization on dielectric polarization is deeply visualized, and the simulated calculation and electron holograms demonstrate that dielectric polarization is shown to be dominant dissipation mechanism in determining microwave absorption. This spatial confined growth strategy provides a versatile methodology for manipulating the size of MOFs derivatives and the understanding of size-dependent oxidation-induced phase hybridization offers a precise inspiration in optimizing dielectric polarization and microwave attenuation in theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, μNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, μNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, μNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Ouyang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, μNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Panbo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, μNorthwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Ren S, Yu H, Wang L, Huang Z, Lin T, Huang Y, Yang J, Hong Y, Liu J. State of the Art and Prospects in Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Microwave Absorption Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:68. [PMID: 35217977 PMCID: PMC8881588 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microwave has been widely used in many fields, including communication, medical treatment and military industry; however, the corresponding generated radiations have been novel hazardous sources of pollution threating human's daily life. Therefore, designing high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs) has become an indispensable requirement. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as one of the most ideal precursor candidates of MAMs because of their tunable structure, high porosity and large specific surface area. Usually, MOF-derived MAMs exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, good magnetism and sufficient defects and interfaces, providing obvious merits in both impedance matching and microwave loss. In this review, the recent research progresses on MOF-derived MAMs were profoundly reviewed, including the categories of MOFs and MOF composites precursors, design principles, preparation methods and the relationship between mechanisms of microwave absorption and microstructures of MAMs. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for future opportunities of MOF-derived MAMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
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16
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Guo S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wu Y, Cao J, Tang S, Ji G. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of carbon fiber composites: effect of metal content. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00854h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of metal loading on electromagnetic (EM) absorbing performance was investigated to obtain an excellent EM absorber through a simple process. Specifically, iron/cobalt/carbon nanocomposite fibers were...
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