Recovery of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from chromium slag using a bipolar membrane system combined with oxidation

Advances in the Removal of Cr(III) from Spent Industrial Effluents-A Review

The review presents advances in the removal of Cr(III) from the industrial effluents published in the last ten years. Although Cr(III) has low solubility and is less dangerous for the aquatic environment than Cr(VI), it cannot be released into the aquatic environment without limitations and its content in water should be restricted. The development of efficient techniques for the removal of Cr(III) is also a response to the problem of chromium wastewater containing Cr(VI) ions. Very often the first step in dealing with such wastewater is the reduction in chromium content. In some cases, removal of Cr(III) from wastewaters is an important step for pretreatment of solutions to prepare them for subsequent recovery of other metals. In the review, hydrometallurgical operations for Cr(III) removal are presented, including examples of Cr(III) recovery from real industrial effluents with precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, extraction, membrane techniques, microbial-enhanced techniques, electrochemical methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the operations mentioned are also presented. Finally, perspectives for the future in line with circular economy and low-environmental impact are briefly discussed.

Separation and Concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis System

Struvite crystallization is a successful technique for simultaneously recovering PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ from wastewater. However, recovering PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ from low-concentration solutions is challenging. In this study, PO₄^3-, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- were separated and concentrated from wastewater using bipolar membrane electrodialysis, PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ can then be recovered as struvite. The separation and concentration of PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ are clearly impacted by current density, according to experimental findings. The extent of separation and migration rate increased with increasing current density. The chemical oxygen demand of the feedwater has no discernible impact on the separation and recovery of ions. The migration of PO₄^3-, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- fits zero-order migration kinetics. The concentrated concentration of NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- reached 805 mg/L and 339 mg/L, respectively, which demonstrates that BMED is capable of effectively concentrating and separating PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺. Therefore, BMED can be considered as a pretreatment method for recovering PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺ in the form of struvite from wastewater.

Preparation of Three-Dimensional MF/Ti3C2Tx/PmPD by Interfacial Polymerization for Efficient Hexavalent Chromium Removal

Heavy metal pollution is a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment, but adsorption technology based on nano adsorbents can effectively treat the crisis. However, due to the nanoscale effect, nano adsorbents have some crucial shortcomings, such as recycling difficulty and the loss of nanoparticles, which seriously limit their application. The feasible assembly of nano adsorbents is an accessible technology in urgent need of a breakthrough. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) adsorbent (MF/Ti₃C₂T_x/PmPD) with excellent performance and favorable recyclability was prepared by interfacial polymerization with melamine foam (MF) as the framework, two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x) as the bridge and Poly (m-Phenylenediamine) (PmPD) as the active nano component. The morphology, structure, mechanical property of MF/Ti₃C₂T_x/PmPD and reference MF/PmPD were investigated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectra (FT-IR), Raman scattering spectra and a pressure-stress test, respectively. Owning to the regulation of Ti₃C₂T_x on the morphology and structure of PmPD, MF/Ti₃C₂T_x/PmPD showed excellent adsorption capacity (352.15 mg/g) and favorable cycling performance. R-P and pseudo-second-order kinetics models could well describe the adsorption phenomenon, indicating that the adsorption process involved a composite process of single-layer and multi-layer adsorption and was dominated by chemical adsorption. In this research, the preparation mechanism of MF/Ti₃C₂T_x/PmPD and the adsorption process of Cr(VI) were systematically investigated, which provided a feasible approach for the feasible assembly and application of nano adsorbents in the environmental field.