1
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Yue J, Yang H, Liu C, Wang S, Wang L. Unraveling the pyridinic nitrogen vacancy in carbon nitride for photo-self Fenton-like purification of organic contaminants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:475-485. [PMID: 38879989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This work reports a carbon nitride with pyridinic nitrogen-vacancy (N2CV-CN), which purifies organic contaminants via an in-situ photo-self Fenton-like reaction. Experiments and calculations demonstrated that the nitrogen-vacancy induces lone-paired (LP) and symmetry-unpaired electrons, promoting the formation of low-energy LP-π hybridized orbitals and helping to overcome the pairing energy required for oxygen to accept electrons. Furthermore, the nitrogen-vacancy accelerates film and intra-particle diffusion rates of organic contaminants on N2CV-CN, creating beneficial conditions for reactive oxide species to mineralize organic contaminants. Under sunlight and atmospheric oxygen, a photo-self Fenton-like reaction involving proton-coupled electron transfer occurred on the surface of N2CV-CN. Furthermore, by integrating photocatalysis with flocculation, about 99.1 % suspended substance, 45.5 % chemical oxygen demand, and 38.4 % biological oxygen demand were reduced from polluted river-water. Constructing N2CV-CN and understanding its crucial role offer theoretical and methodological insights into the in-situ purification of contaminated water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hanpei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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2
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Liu Q, Du X, Zhou A, Chen J, Wang X, Wang R, Cheng M, Hu J, Wei T, Cui Y, Chen F, Li W, Dai WL, Liu B. Dipole field as charge-transfer bridge between Cu atomic clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes and nitrogen-rich C 3N 5 for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:114-124. [PMID: 39241442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing spontaneous polarization field to harness charge transfer kinetics is a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes coloaded on nitrogen-rich triazole-based C3N5 (PtCu-C3N5) with dipole field was constructed through facile photo-deposition and impregnation method. The dipole field-drive spontaneous polarization in C3N5 acts as a charge-transfer bridge to promote directional electron migration from C3N5 to Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy. Through the synergistic effects between Cu atom clusters, PtCu alloy and dipole field in C3N5, the optimized Pt2Cu3-C3N5 achieved a record-high performance with H2 formation rate of 4090.4 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, about 154.4-fold increase compared with pristine C3N5 (26.5 μmol g-1 h-1). Moreover, the apparent quantum efficiency was up to 25.33 % at 320 nm, which is greatly superior than most previous related-works. The directional charge transfer mechanism was analyzed in detail through various characterizations and DFT calculations. This work offers a novel pathway to construct high-efficiency multi-metal photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xing Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanfei Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Lin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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3
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Shen Y, Xu R, Shan P, Zhang S, Sun L, Xie H, Guo F, Li C, Shi W. Abundant Edge Active Sites-Modified High-Crystalline g-C 3N 5 for Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Pure-Water via a Quasi-Homogeneous Photocatalytic Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401566. [PMID: 38752437 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin carbon nitride pioneered a paradigm that facilitates effective charge separation and acceleration of rapid charge migration. Nevertheless, the dissociation process confronts a disruption owing to the proclivity of carbon nitride to reaggregate, thereby impeding the optimal utilization of active sites. In response to this exigency, the adoption of a synthesis methodology featuring alkaline potassium salt-assisted molten salt synthesis is advocated in this work, aiming to craft a nitrogenated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N5) photocatalyst characterized by thin layer and hydrophilicity, which not only amplifies the degree of crystallization of g-C3N5 but also introduces a plethora of abundant edge active sites, engendering a quasi-homogeneous photocatalytic system. Under visible light irradiation, the ultra-high H2O2 production rate of this modified high-crystalline g-C3N5 in pure water attains 151.14 µm h-1. This groundbreaking study offers a novel perspective for the innovative design of highly efficient photocatalysts with a quasi-homogeneous photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Pengnian Shan
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Shunhong Zhang
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrode Materials for Novel Solar Cells for Petroleum and Chemical Industry of China, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
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4
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Yu Y, Li W, Huang Y, Yang H, Lv C, Yan HX, Lin D, Jiao S, Hou L, Wu Z. Simultaneous Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Degradation of Dye Wastewater without Cocatalysts and Sacrificial Agents Based on g-C 3N 5 and Hybridized Ni-MOF Derivative-CdS-DETA. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309577. [PMID: 38348936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by energy conversion and waste reuse, hybridized Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA/g-C3N5, a type-II heterojunction photocatalyst, is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for simultaneous and highly efficient photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution in dye wastewater. Without the addition of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents, the optimal MOF-CD(2)/CN5 (i.e. Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA (20 wt.%)/g-C3N5) exhibit good bifunctional catalytic activity, with a H2 evolution rate of 2974.4 µmol g-1 h-1 during the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), and a removal rate of 99.97% for RhB. In the process of H2-evolution-only, triethanolamine is used as a sacrificial agent, exhibiting a high H2 evolution rate (19663.1 µmol g-1 h-1) in the absence of a cocatalyst, and outperforming most similar related materials (such as MOF/g-C3N5, MOF-CdS, CdS/g-C3N5). With the help of type-II heterojunction, holes are scavenged for the oxidative degradation of RhB, and electrons are used in the decomposition of water for H2 evolution during illumination. This work opens a new path for photocatalysts with dual functions of simultaneous efficient degradation and hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhuo Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Huixing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xiang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Di Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environmental Protection Materials, School of Physics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Hu J, Li J, Pu Z, Xiao W, Yu H, Zhang Z, Yu F, Liu C, Zhang Q. S-scheme NiO/C 3N 5 heterojunctions with enhanced interfacial electric field for boosting photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H 2 and H 2O 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:780-792. [PMID: 38554468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Heterostructured visible-light-responsive photocatalysts represent a prospective approach to achieve efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Herein, we propose a facile self-assembly technique to synthesize NiO nanoparticles/C3N5 nanosheets (NOCN) heterojunctions for hydrogen (H2) evolution catalysis and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production under visible light. In this regard, the black NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were tightly anchored on the surface of C3N5 nanosheets (CNNS) to construct S-scheme NOCN heterojunction, enabling efficient charge separation and high redox capability. Obtained results elucidated that the incorporated NiO NPs significantly promote light-harvesting efficiency and photo-to-thermal capacity over the NOCN composites. The enhanced photothermal effect facilitates the charge carrier transfer rate across the heterojunction and boosts the surface reaction kinetics. Accordingly, the photocatalytic performances of CNNS for H2 release and H2O2 production can be manipulated by introducing NiO NPs. The modified photocatalytic properties of NOCN composites are ascribed to the synergistic effects of all integrated components and the S-scheme heterojunction formation. Impressively, the high H2 evolution photocatalysis efficiency of NOCN nano-catalysts in seawater certifies their potential environmental applicability. Among all, the 12-NOCN nano-catalyst exhibits a higher photocatalytic efficiency for H2 release (112.2 μmol∙g-1∙h-1) and H2O2 production (91.2 μmol∙L-1∙h-1). Besides, the 12-NOCN nano-catalyst reveals excellent recyclability and structural stability. Additionally, the possible mechanism for photothermal-assisted photocatalysis is proposed. This work affords a feasible pathway to design photothermal-assisted S-scheme heterojunctions for diverse photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Zhongyi Pu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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6
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Lv W, Cao H, Guan Y, Wu M, Liu H, Guo X, Yao T, Chen P, Sheng L, Wu J. Mediating peroxymonosulfate activation path in Fenton-like reaction via doping different metal atoms into g-C 3N 5. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:416-427. [PMID: 38943909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) could be activated by either radical path or non-radical path, how to rationally mediate these two routines was an important unresolved issue. This work has introduced a simple way to address this problem via metal atom doping. It was found that Fe-doped nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride (Fe-C3N5) exhibited high activity towards PMS activation for tetracycline degradation, and the degradation rate was 3.14 times higher than that of Co-doped nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride (Co-C3N5). Radical trapping experiment revealed the contributions of reactive species over two catalysts were different. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis further uncovered the non-radical activation path played a dominated role on Fe-C3N5 surface, while the radical activation path was the main routine on Co-C3N5 surface. Density functional theory calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and electrochemical experiments provided convincing evidence to support these views. This study supplied a novel method to mediate PMS activation path via changing the doped metal atom in g-C3N5 skeleton, and it allowed us to better optimize the PMS activation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijun Cao
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yina Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Maoquan Wu
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Tongjie Yao
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sheng
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.
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7
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Xiao L, Gao S, Liao R, Zhou Y, Kong Q, Hu G. C 3N 5-based nanomaterials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysts, energy harvesting, and environmental remediation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2545-2571. [PMID: 38445393 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the global reliance on fossil fuels and the exponential growth of human population have escalated global energy consumption and environmental issues. To tackle these dual challenges, metal catalysts, in particular precious metal ones, have emerged as pivotal players in the fields of environment and energy. Among the numerous metal-free and organic catalyst materials, C3N5-based materials have a major advantage over their carbon nitride (CxNy) counterparts owing to the abundant availability of raw materials, non-toxicity, non-hazardous nature, and exceptional performance. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to synthesising and optimising the applicable properties of C3N5-based materials in recent years, a comprehensive summary of the immediate parameters of this promising material is still lacking. Given the rapid development of C3N5-based materials, a timely review is essential for staying updated on their strengths and weaknesses across various applications, as well as providing guidance for designing efficient catalysts. In this study, we present an extensive overview of recent advancements in C3N5-based materials, encompassing their physicochemical properties, major synthetic methods, and applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and adsorption, among others. This systematic review effectively summarises both the advantages and shortcomings associated with C3N5-based materials for energy and environmental applications, thus offering researchers focussed on CxNy-materials an in-depth understanding of those based on C3N5. Finally, considering the limitations and deficiencies of C3N5-based materials, we have proposed enhancement schemes and strategies, while presenting personal perspectives on the challenges and future directions for C3N5. Our ultimate aim is to provide valuable insights for the research community in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xiao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Sanshuang Gao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Runhua Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China.
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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8
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Ito K, Noda K. Highly efficient hydrogen production and selective CO 2 reduction by the C 3N 5 photocatalyst using only visible light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:153-160. [PMID: 38086634 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The production of energy sources by metal-free photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered substantial attention. In this study, nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (C3N5) was successfully synthesized through the thermal polycondensation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The structural and physical characterization has suggested that a portion of the triazine rings, which constitute the structural framework of g-C3N4, may be substituted with five-membered rings in C3N5. Furthermore, the polymerization of C3N5 proceeded more extensively than that of g-C3N4 from melamine precursors. The increased nitrogen content in C3N5 resulted in a heightened number of π-electrons and a narrowed energy bandgap, with the potential of the valence band maximum being negatively shifted. Additionally, photocatalytic assessments encompassing nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, H2 production from triethanolamine aqueous solution, and CO2 reduction in the liquid phase were performed. All findings demonstrated that C3N5 exhibits significantly superior photocatalytic properties compared to g-C3N4. It is particularly noteworthy that C3N5 selectively generates methanol and H2 from oversaturated CO2 solutions under visible light irradiation, while g-C3N4 selectively generates formaldehyde. These outcomes strongly indicate that C3N5 serves as a metal-free, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, capable of contributing to both the production of renewable energy sources and the reduction of greenhouse effect gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ito
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kei Noda
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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9
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He Q, Ding J, Tsai HJ, Liu Y, Wei M, Zhang Q, Wei Z, Chen Z, Huang J, Hung SF, Yang H, Zhai Y. Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production by regulating electronic configuration of single Sb atoms via carbon vacancies in carbon nitrides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:18-26. [PMID: 37536256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts supported on semiconductors can serve as active sites for efficient oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, researchers have long been puzzled by the lack of guidance on optimizing the performance of single-atom photocatalysts. In this study, we propose a versatile strategy that utilizes carbon vacancies to regulate the electronic configuration of antimony (Sb) atoms on carbon nitrides (C3N4). This strategy has been found to significantly enhance the photocatalytic production of H2O2. The H2O2 evolution rate of Sb single-atom on carbon vacancy-rich C3N4 (designated as Sb1/Cv-C3N4) is 5.369 mmol g-1h-1, which is 10.9 times higher than C3N4 alone. By combining experimental characterizations and density functional theory simulations, we reveal the strong electronic interaction between Sb atoms and carbon vacancy-rich C3N4. This interaction is capable for maintaining the electron-rich state of Sb atoms, facilitating efficient electron transfer to pauling-type absorbed oxygen, and ultimately enhancing the formation of *OOH intermediates. This innovative defect-engineering approach can manipulate the electronic configuration of single-atom catalysts, providing a new avenue to boost the photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction towards H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinye He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hsin-Jung Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Min Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiming Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Hongbin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yueming Zhai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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10
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Wu L, Li M, Zhou B, Xu S, Yuan L, Wei J, Wang J, Zou S, Xie W, Qiu Y, Rao M, Chen G, Ding L, Yan K. Reversible Stacking of 2D ZnIn 2 S 4 Atomic Layers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303821. [PMID: 37328439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is technically challenging to reversibly tune the layer number of 2D materials in the solution. Herein, a facile concentration modulation strategy is demonstrated to reversibly tailor the aggregation state of 2D ZnIn2 S4 (ZIS) atomic layers, and they are implemented for effective photocatalytic hydrogen (H2 ) evolution. By adjusting the colloidal concentration of ZIS (ZIS-X, X = 0.09, 0.25, or 3.0 mg mL-1 ), ZIS atomic layers exhibit the significant aggregation of (006) facet stacking in the solution, leading to the bandgap shift from 3.21 to 2.66 eV. The colloidal stacked layers are further assembled into hollow microsphere after freeze-drying the solution into solid powders, which can be redispersed into colloidal solution with reversibility. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of ZIS-X colloids is evaluated, and the slightly aggregated ZIS-0.25 displays the enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution rates (1.11 µmol m-2 h-1 ). The charge-transfer/recombination dynamics are characterized by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy, and ZIS-0.25 displays the longest lifetime (5.55 µs), consistent with the best photocatalytic performance. This work provides a facile, consecutive, and reversible strategy for regulating the photo-electrochemical properties of 2D ZIS, which is beneficial for efficient solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jianwu Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shibing Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yongcai Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mumin Rao
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute of Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guangxu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center of Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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11
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Wang Z, Yu H, Liu Z. Oxygen Vacancies Defective La 2Ti 2O 7 Nanosheets Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light Irradiation. Molecules 2023; 28:5792. [PMID: 37570762 PMCID: PMC10420654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient technique has been designed for the creation of oxygen vacancies on La2Ti2O7 (LTO) nanosheets. This is achieved via a controlled solid-state reaction between NaBH4 and LTO nanosheets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses expose that these processed LTO specimens possess a unique crystalline core/amorphous shell structure, represented as La2Ti2O7@La2Ti2O7-x. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) observations, there is a notable correlation between the reaction time, temperature, and the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The concentration of these vacancies tends to increase along with the reaction time and temperature. Concurrently, UV-Visible spectra and photocatalytic tests reveal a significant impact of oxygen vacancies on the LTO surface on both light absorption and photocatalytic functionality. Most notably, the LTO nanosheets with engineered oxygen vacancies have demonstrated an exceptional photocatalytic capacity for hydrogen production under visible light. The maximal activity recorded was an impressive 149 μmol g-1 h-1, which is noticeably superior to the performance of the pristine La2Ti2O7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.)
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12
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Chen D, Yao B, Zhi X, Tian C, Chen M, Cao S, Feng X, Che H, Zhang K, Ao Y. Multi-heteroatom-doping promotes molecular oxygen activation on polymeric carbon nitride for simultaneous generation of H 2O 2 and degradation of oxcarbazepine. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37376986 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously realizing the efficient generation of H2O2 and degradation of pollutants is of great significance for environmental remediation. However, most polymeric semiconductors only show moderate performance in molecular oxygen (O2) activation due to the sluggish electron-hole pair dissociation and charge transfer dynamics. Herein, we develop a simple thermal shrinkage strategy to construct multi-heteroatom-doped polymeric carbon nitride (K, P, O-CNx). The resultant K, P, O-CNx not only improves the separation efficiency of charge carriers, but also improves the adsorption/activation capacity of O2. K, P, O-CNx significantly increases the production of H2O2 and the degradation activity of oxcarbazepine (OXC) under visible light. K, P, O-CN5 shows a high H2O2 production rate (1858 μM h-1 g-1) in water under visible light, far surpassing that of pure PCN. The apparent rate constant for OXC degradation by K, P, O-CN5 increases to 0.0491 min-1, which is 8.47 times that of PCN. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the adsorption energy of O2 near phosphorus atoms in K, P, O-CNx is the highest. This work provides a new idea for the efficient degradation of pollutants and generation of H2O2 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Bingling Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Minghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Siyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Huinan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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Liu J, Wang S, Zhao C, Zheng J. Engineered g-C 3N 5-Based Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:499. [PMID: 36770460 PMCID: PMC9921555 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis plays a vital role in sustainable energy conversion and environmental remediation because of its economic, eco-friendly, and effective characteristics. Nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N5) has received worldwide interest owing to its facile accessibility, metal-free nature, and appealing electronic band structure. This review summarizes the latest progress for g-C3N5-based photocatalysts in energy and environmental applications. It begins with the synthesis of pristine g-C3N5 materials with various topologies, followed by several engineering strategies for g-C3N5, such as elemental doping, defect engineering, and heterojunction creation. In addition, the applications in energy conversion (H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation) and environmental remediation (NO purification and aqueous pollutant degradation) are discussed. Finally, a summary and some inspiring perspectives on the challenges and possibilities of g-C3N5-based materials are presented. It is believed that this review will promote the development of emerging g-C3N5-based photocatalysts for more efficiency in energy conversion and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ecological Fragile Belt of Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Shuaijun Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jingtang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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14
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Regulating the Assembly of Precursors of Carbon Nitrides to Improve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitrides (2D g-C3N4) are promising photocatalysts for water splitting to hydrogen due to their non-toxicity and high stability. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has some intrinsic drawbacks, such as rapid electron–hole recombination and low charge-carrier mobility, resulting in poor photocatalytic activity. Here, 2,4-diamine-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine was employed as a precursor to regulating the assembly of melamine and cyanuric acid in water. The resulting g-C3N4 not only improved the visible light absorption and electron–hole separation but also provided more catalytic sites for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The modified g-C3N4 (CNP10-H) showed a hydrogen-releasing rate of 2184 μmol·g−1·h−1, much higher than the bulk g-C3N4.
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