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Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Shen C, Liu S, Xiao Y, Fang Z. Direct evolution of an alkaline fungal laccase to degrade tetracyclines. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134534. [PMID: 39111464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
A fungal laccase-mediator system capable of high effectively oxidizing tetracyclines under a wide pH range will benefit environmental protection. This study reported a directed evolution of a laccase PIE5 to improve its performance on tetracyclines oxidization at alkaline conditions. Two mutants, namely MutA (D229N/A244V) and MutB (N123A/D229N/A244V) were obtained. Although they shared a similar optimum pH and temperature as PIE5, the two mutants displayed approximately 2- and 5-fold higher specific activity toward the mediators ABTS and guaiacol at pHs 4.0 to 6.5, respectively. Simultaneously, their catalytic efficiency increased by 8.0- and 6.4-fold compared to PIE5. At a pH range of 5-8 and 28 °C, MutA or MutB at a final concentration of 2.5 U·mL-1 degraded 77 % and 81 % of 100 mg·L-1 tetracycline within 10 min, higher than PIE5 (45 %). Furthermore, 0.1 U·mL-1 MutA or MutB completely degraded 100 mg·L-1 chlortetracycline within 6 min in the presence of 0.1 mM ABTS. At pH 8.0, MutA degraded tetracycline and chlortetracycline following the routine pathways were reported previously based on LC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinliang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuelin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Modern Biomanufacturing, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Zheng J, Zhu Z, Huang Z, Hu C, Liu B. Enhanced visible light responsive piezoelectric photocatalysis based on Bi 2S 3 coated BaTiO 3 nanorods heterostructures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:657-670. [PMID: 39265337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Although the presence of the built-in electric field will solve the problem of carrier complexation in photocatalytic systems to some extent. However, free carriers will quickly shield the stabilized electric field and lose its effect. Therefore, how to introduce the dynamic piezoelectric field into the photocatalytic system has become an imminent problem. Herein, we developed an overcoated, visible light responsive, piezoelectric-assisted photocatalytic system by depositing Bi2S3 photocatalysts with a narrow-band system onto the surface of highly piezo-responsive BaTiO3 nanorods (BTO NRs). The heterojunction structure, bound by Bi-O chemical bonding, enhances carrier transport efficiency under the influence of the piezoelectric field. In the degradation experiments, the first-order rate constant for the degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC) in the BTO NRs/Bi2S3 system with the optimal complex ratio was 0.0276 min-1, which was 3.1 and 7.8 times higher than that of BTO NRs and Bi2S3, respectively. Additionally, we deduced the degradation pathways of CTC through a combination of Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS), evaluating the toxicity of the intermediates. This complex system, featuring a highly photo-responsive semiconductor as a photo-acceptor deposited on a piezoelectric semiconductor surface providing a dynamic built-in electric field, enhances carrier separation efficiency under optimal light energy utilization conditions. These findings present novel and effective strategies for addressing two primary challenges in photocatalytic systems: low spectral utilization and significant photogenerated carrier complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijia Zhu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhangmi Huang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Baojiang Liu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
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3
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Zhao S, Ren J, Zhang F, He Y, Han X, Wang R. Fabrication of nano-hammer shaped CuO@HApNWs for catalytic degradation of tetracycline. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118410. [PMID: 38342204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
With widespread and excessive use of antibiotics in medicine, poultry farming, and aquaculture, antibiotic residues have become a significant threat to both eco-environment and human health. In this paper, using hydroxyapatite nanowires (HApNWs) as an ecologically compatible carrier, a novel nano-hammer shaped conjunction with HApNW conjugating CuO microspheres (CuO@HApNWs) was successfully synthesized by in-situ agglomeration method. The catalytic degradation performance of the nano-hammer shaped CuO@HApNWs with Fenton-like activation was investigated by using tetracycline (TC) as a representative antibiotic pollutant. Remarkably, it exhibited excellent catalytic activity, which the removal rate of TC got to 92.0% within 40 min, and the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetic constant was 18.33 × 10-3 L mg-1·min-1, which was 26 times and 5 times than that of HApNWs and CuO, respectively. Furthermore, after recycling 6 times, the degradation efficiency of TC still remained above 85 %. Based on radical scavenger tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, it demonstrated that the excellent activity of CuO@HApNWs was mainly attributed to the fact that Fenton-like activation promotes the circulation of Cu2+ and Cu+, the generated main active oxygen species (•OH and O2-•) achieve efficient degradation of TC. In summary, the nano-hammer shaped CuO@HApNWs could be in-situ synthesed, and used as an eco-friendly Fenton-like catalyst for effectively catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, which has great potential for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhao
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiarui Ren
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Lab. Eco-functional Polymer Materials of MOE, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Peng G, Xie Y, Chen H, Zou J, Li L, Luo C, Lu L, Mao G. Frustrated Lewis pairs created by Ce-doped Bi 2MoO 6: A universal strategy to promote efficient utilization of H 2O 2 for Fenton-like photodegradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141952. [PMID: 38599329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Photo-Fenton-like technology based on H2O2 is considered as an ideal strategy to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for antibiotic degradation, but O2 overflow in the process severely limits the utilization efficiency of H2O2. Herein, we fabricate Bi2MoO6 (BMO) photocatalyst modified with Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) as a Fenton catalyst model for enhancing reuse of spilled O2. The FLPs created by the introduction of cerium and oxygen vacancy were found to contribute to regulate the electronic structure of BMO and further improve the acidic and basic properties of photocatalyst surface. More importantly, the frustrated acid and base sites can enhance the H2O2 and O2 interfacial adsorption process and provide an Ce4+-Ov-O2- active site on the surface of Ce-BMO nanosheets, which can promote O2/•O2-/1O2/H2O2 redox cycles to achieve high H2O2 utilization efficiency. Specifically, in the experiment using tetracycline as a photocatalytic degradation object, the degradation activity of Ce-BMO was 2.15 times higher than that of BMO pure phase. Quenching experiments and EPR assays also confirmed that 1O2 and •O2- were the dominant oxidative species. This study systematically reveals the design of Fenton photocatalytic active sites at the atomic scale and provides new insights into constructing FLPs photocatalysts with high H2O2 utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yanyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Jin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Chuanfa Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Limin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Plant Resources of Nanchang, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Guojiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
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Dong Y, Wang D, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Liu G, Yan Q, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ma D, Zhang G, Xin S, Xin Y. In-situ production and activation of H 2O 2 over hydroxyapatite modified CuFeO 2 for self-sufficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:286-300. [PMID: 38109816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-sufficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton (SH-PF) system was constructed for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOH) degradation with hydroxyapatite (Hap) modified CuFeO2 (Hap/CuFeO2) composites through H2O2 in-situ production. The modification of Hap could improve the specific surface area, visible-light response, light conversion efficiency, photoelectron lifetime and oxygen vacancies (OVs) of CuFeO2, which was conducive to H2O2 production and DOH degradation in SH-PF system. Notably, Hap/CuFeO2 fabricated with 0.5 g Hap (Hap/CuFeO2-0.5) displayed more superior performance for DOH degradation compared to other synthesized catalysts. The Hap/CuFeO2-0.5 load and initial solution pH for DOH degradation in SH-PF system were optimized, and the Hap/CuFeO2-0.5 had good reusability and stability. The •OH was the main active species for DOH degradation, and the facilitation effect of •O2- and photoelectrons on DOH degradation was associated with the H2O2 production in the present work. In addition, the capture of photogenerated holes suppressed the recombination of photogenerated carriers, elevating the production of photoelectrons and thereby enhancing H2O2 production and DOH degradation. The degradation pathways for DOH were proposed and the comprehensive toxicities of DOH were relieved after degradation in SH-PF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dong
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yingchen Zhu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qinghua Yan
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangshan Zhang
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Water Resources Protection and Utilization Center for Rural Areas, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Aguila-Rosas J, Ramos D, Quirino-Barreda CT, Flores-Aguilar JA, Obeso JL, Guzmán-Vargas A, Ibarra IA, Lima E. Copper(II)-MOFs for bio-applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11753-11766. [PMID: 37703047 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent development and implementation of copper-based metal-organic frameworks in biological applications are reviewed. The advantages of the presence of copper in MOFs for relevant applications such as drug delivery, cancer treatment, sensing, and antimicrobial are highlighted. Advanced composites such as MOF-polymers are playing critical roles in developing materials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguila-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Dalia Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos T Quirino-Barreda
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Juan Andrés Flores-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan L Obeso
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694, Irrigación 11500, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ariel Guzmán-Vargas
- ESIQIE - Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida IPN UPALM Edificio 7, Zacatenco, 07738 México D.F, Mexico.
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ming P, Niu Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Lai H, Zhou Q, Zhai H. An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Cu-MOF-199@MWCNTs Laden with CuNPs for the Sensitive Detection of Creatinine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13656-13667. [PMID: 37712412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of Cu-MOF-199@multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cu-MOF-199@MWCNTs) composites was achieved and utilized to create an advanced electrochemical sensor for creatinine (Cre) detection. The composites were modified on a glassy carbon electrode surface through direct drip coating, followed by the deposition of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) via constant potential deposition. Characterized by various techniques and electrochemical analyses, the Cu-MOF-199@MWCNTs composite increased the CuNPs load, improving the detection sensitivity for Cre. Under optimal conditions, the modified electrode exhibited good linearity across a broad range of Cre concentrations (0.05-40.0 μM) with a low detection limit of 11.3 nM. The developed sensor demonstrated remarkable stability, reproducibility, and selectivity, showing promise in sensitive and accurate Cre detection in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingtao Ming
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinhao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haohong Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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