1
|
Albader AS, Albahlei S, Almishary M. Measuring Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at the Al-Wazarat Healthcare Center in Riyadh. Cureus 2019; 11:e6474. [PMID: 31903311 PMCID: PMC6935742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Saudi population is increasing at an alarming level. Diabetes is characterized by a considerable health and economic burden on the population and affected individuals. Objectives This study aims to assess the level of quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the determinant of quality of life in a primary health care setting. Methods The study used a cross-sectional design to investigate the quality of life among type 2 diabetic patients at the Al-Wazarat Health Care Center (WHC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study used the Arabic version of the quality of life 36-items short-form questionnaire (SF-36). Results The study included 482 completed questionnaires out of the 525 distributed. The response rate is 91.8%. The average age of the patients is 56.3 ± 7.8 years. The self-reported average body mass index (BMI) is 31.6 ± 6.6 kg/m2. The duration of diabetes since diagnosis is 9.7± 3.1 years. The most common comorbidity was hypertension 75.9% (366/482). The multivariate regression analysis provided models that explained the role of certain variables in determining the quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients significantly. The most striking results are explaining the factors affecting physical functioning by 41% (R2=0.41) and mental health by 34% (R2=0.34). Conclusion This study can influence the practices of medical practice and promotion in WHC specifically and Riyadh city more generally. The improvement and preservation of HRQoL in diabetic patients required an understanding of the factors that can influence it. The gender disparity is an area that needs further investigation. Changes in the delivery of healthcare in diabetes clinics to account for these factors may provide better results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleh Albahlei
- Family Medicine, Al-Wazarat Health Care Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Granado-Casas M, Castelblanco E, Ramírez-Morros A, Martín M, Alcubierre N, Martínez-Alonso M, Valldeperas X, Traveset A, Rubinat E, Lucas-Martin A, Hernández M, Alonso N, Mauricio D. Poorer Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes without Other Advanced Late Complications. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030377. [PMID: 30889868 PMCID: PMC6462963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may potentially cause vision loss and affect the patient’s quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction (TS). Using specific tools, we aimed to assess the impact of DR and clinical factors on the QoL and TS in patients with type 1 diabetes. This was a cross-sectional, two-centre study. A sample of 102 patients with DR and 140 non-DR patients were compared. The Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL-19) and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ-s) were administered. Data analysis included bivariate and multivariable analysis. Patients with DR showed a poorer perception of present QoL (p = 0.039), work life (p = 0.037), dependence (p = 0.010), and had a lower average weighted impact (AWI) score (p = 0.045). The multivariable analysis showed that DR was associated with a lower present QoL (p = 0.040), work life (p = 0.036) and dependence (p = 0.016). With regards to TS, DR was associated with a higher perceived frequency of hypoglycaemia (p = 0.019). In patients with type 1 diabetes, the presence of DR is associated with a poorer perception of their QoL. With regard to TS, these subjects also show a higher perceived frequency of hypoglycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Granado-Casas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Mariona Martín
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Alcubierre
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Martínez-Alonso
- Systems Biology and Statistical Methods for Biomedical Research, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Xavier Valldeperas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Alicia Traveset
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Esther Rubinat
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ana Lucas-Martin
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Marta Hernández
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wegeberg AML, Meldgaard T, Hyldahl S, Jakobsen PE, Drewes AM, Brock B, Brock C. Quantities of comorbidities affects physical, but not mental health related quality of life in type 1 diabetes with confirmed polyneuropathy. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:87-95. [PMID: 30788046 PMCID: PMC6379728 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of adults with long-term type 1 diabetes are affected by symmetrical peripheral neuropathy. These complications increase socioeconomic expenses and diminish the individual quality of life. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a generic patient reported questionnaire, measuring mental and physical health related quality of life. We hypothesized that diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36, and that clinical appearance may be associated with the decline.
AIM To investigate if diabetic neuropathy would decrease physical and mental quality of life measured with SF-36, and if clinical appearance may be associated with the decline.
METHODS Forty-eight adults [age 50 ± 9 years, 10 females, disease duration 32 (14-51) years] with verified diabetic symmetrical peripheral neuropathy and 21 healthy participants (age 51 ± 6 years, 6 females) underwent standardised nerve conduction testing and completed the SF-36 questionnaire. Furthermore, disease duration, number of comorbidities, both diabetes related and nondiabetes related, vibration perception threshold, number of hypoglycaemic events, HbA1c and administration way of insulin was notified.
RESULTS In comparison to healthy subjects, patients’ mental composite score was not significantly diminished (51.9 ± 8.9 vs 53.1 ± 5.5, P = 0.558), while the physical composite score was (46.3 ± 11.7 vs 54.6 ± 3.3, P = 0.002). As expected, the overall physical health related symptoms in patients were associated to total number of comorbidities (P < 0.0001), comorbidities relation to diabetes (P = 0.0002) and HbA1c (P = 0.005) as well as comorbidities not related to diabetes (P = 0.0006).
CONCLUSION The finding of this study emphasises the importance of focusing on quality of life in adults with diabetes and especially in those with multiple comorbidities as well as the possibility of HbA1c as a biomarker for severe complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L Wegeberg
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Theresa Meldgaard
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Sofie Hyldahl
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jakobsen
- Steno Diabetes Center North Judland, Region Nordjylland, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Judland, Region Nordjylland, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Region Hovedstaden, Gentofte 2820, Denmark
| | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Development, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1071, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jansson RW, Hufthammer KO, Krohn J. Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes patients in Western Norway. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:465-474. [PMID: 29369506 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), associated risk factors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a population-based cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). METHODS All patients underwent a general and ophthalmic examination including seven-field stereo fundus photography for grading of DR and diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to evaluate disease progression in relation to diabetes duration, age and year of diabetes onset. HRQoL and its association with DR were assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 237 DM1 patients were included. Mean age at inclusion was 34 years (range, 4-75 years), and mean diabetes duration was 19 years (range, 5 months-63 years). A total of 145 patients (61%) had DR. Sixty-two patients (26%) had mild, 39 (16%) moderate and 13 (5%) severe nonproliferative DR, while 31 (13%) had proliferative DR. The prevalence of DMO was 8%. The most important risk factors predicting severity of DR were diabetes duration (p < 0.0001) and HbA1c level (p < 0.0001). Neuropathy (p = 0.006), nephropathy (p = 0.004) and male gender (p = 0.02) were also significant predictors of DR. Compared to normative SF-36 data, there was a linear trend of decreasing HRQoL with increasing severity of DR that was statistically significant for the four physical dimension scores. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DR in DM1 was largely within the range of previous reports. Diabetes duration, HbA1c level, neuropathy, nephropathy and male gender were all significant predictors of DR severity. The patients with more severe DR had lower HRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild W. Jansson
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Section of Ophthalmology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | | | - Jørgen Krohn
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Section of Ophthalmology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith-Palmer J, Bae JP, Boye KS, Norrbacka K, Hunt B, Valentine WJ. Evaluating health-related quality of life in type 1 diabetes: a systematic literature review of utilities for adults with type 1 diabetes. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2016; 8:559-571. [PMID: 27785079 PMCID: PMC5063604 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition associated with micro- and macrovascular complications that have a notable impact on health-related quality of life, the magnitude of which can be quantified via the use of utility values. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify and compare published health state utility values for adults with type 1 diabetes both, with and without diabetes-related complications. Methods Literature searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were performed to identify English language studies on adults with type 1 diabetes, published from 2000 onward, reporting utility values for patients with or without diabetes-related complications or assessing the impact of changes in HbA1c or body mass index on quality of life. For inclusion, studies were required to report utilities elicited using validated methods. Results A total of 20 studies were included in the final review that included utility values elicited using the EuroQuol five dimensions questionnaire (n=9), 15D questionnaire (n=2), Quality of Well-Being scale (n=4), time trade-off (n=3), and standard gamble (n=2) methods. For patients with no complications, reported utility values ranged from 0.90 to 0.98. Complications including stroke (reported disutility range, −0.105 to −0.291), neuropathy (range, −0.055 to −0.358), and blindness (range, −0.132 to −0.208) were associated with the largest decrements in utility values. The magnitude of utility values and utility decrements was influenced by the assessment method used. Conclusion Complications lead to impaired health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes, the magnitude of which is influenced by the method used to determine utilities. There is currently a lack of utility data for certain complications of type 1 diabetes, meaning that many economic evaluations have relied on a combination of type 1 and type 2 diabetes utilities, despite differences between the conditions and populations, or type 1 diabetes-specific utilities derived from different instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay P Bae
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Barnaby Hunt
- Ossian Health Economics and Communications GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peasgood T, Brennan A, Mansell P, Elliott J, Basarir H, Kruger J. The Impact of Diabetes-Related Complications on Preference-Based Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Type I Diabetes. Med Decis Making 2016; 36:1020-33. [PMID: 27553209 PMCID: PMC5046160 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x16658660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This study estimates health-related quality of life (HRQoL) or utility decrements associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using data from a UK research program on the Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) education program. Methods. A wide range of data was collected from 2341 individuals who undertook a DAFNE course in 2009–2012, at baseline and for 2 subsequent years. We use fixed- and random-effects linear models to generate utility estimates for T1DM using different instruments: EQ-5D, SF-6D, and EQ-VAS. We show models with and without controls for HbA1c and depression, which may be endogenous (if, for example, there is reverse causality in operation). Results. We find strong evidence of an unobserved individual effect, suggesting the superiority of the fixed-effects model. Depression shows the greatest decrement across all the models in the preferred fixed-effects model. The fixed-effects EQ-5D model also finds a significant decrement from retinopathy, body mass index, and HbA1c (%). Estimating a decrement using the fixed-effects model is not possible for some conditions where there are few new cases. In the random-effects model, diabetic foot disease shows substantial utility decrements, yet these are not significant in the fixed-effects models. Conclusion. Utility decrements have been calculated for a wide variety of health states in T1DM that can be used in economic analyses. However, despite the large data set, the low incidence of several complications leads to uncertainty in calculating the utility weights. Depression and diabetic foot disease result in a substantial loss in HRQoL for patients with T1DM. HbA1c (%) appears to have an independent negative impact on HRQoL, although concerns remain regarding the potential endogeneity of this variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Peasgood
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (TP, AB, HB, JK)
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (TP, AB, HB, JK)
| | - Peter Mansell
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom (PM)
| | - Jackie Elliott
- Academic Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Human Metabolism, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom (JE)
| | - Hasan Basarir
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (TP, AB, HB, JK)
| | - Jen Kruger
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (TP, AB, HB, JK)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Fish AF, Li F, Liu L, Lou Q. Psychosocial factors not metabolic control impact the quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:535-41. [PMID: 26754324 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Quality of life is a major focus of health care today. In published studies on patients with type 2 diabetes, findings on quality of life are mixed. Those with diabetes have chronic illness and must adhere to a complicated care regimen daily, which for many patients is challenging. This study analyzed psychosocial factors and metabolic control as potential predictors of quality of life among these patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 397 patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted in a hospital in Nanjing, China. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected from the medical record. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Diabetes Distress Scale, and Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form were administered. RESULTS The mean score of quality of life was 67.80 ± 13.44 on a 100-point scale. General self-efficacy (β = 0.340, P < 0.001), diabetes distress (β = -0.266, P < 0.001), and diabetes empowerment ability (β = 0.207, P < 0.001) were predictors of quality of life. In contrast, other factors including HbA1c, diabetes complications, and the duration of diabetes were not associated with quality of life (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, diabetes distress, and diabetes empowerment ability are related to quality of life. Assessment and interventions aimed at reducing psychosocial problems should be applied in diabetes care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anne F Fish
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Affiliated with the ISP Fellowship Support Program, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingqing Lou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heller S, Lawton J, Amiel S, Cooke D, Mansell P, Brennan A, Elliott J, Boote J, Emery C, Baird W, Basarir H, Beveridge S, Bond R, Campbell M, Chater T, Choudhary P, Clark M, de Zoysa N, Dixon S, Gianfrancesco C, Hopkins D, Jacques R, Kruger J, Moore S, Oliver L, Peasgood T, Rankin D, Roberts S, Rogers H, Taylor C, Thokala P, Thompson G, Ward C. Improving management of type 1 diabetes in the UK: the Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) programme as a research test-bed. A mixed-method analysis of the barriers to and facilitators of successful diabetes self-management, a health economic analysis, a cluster randomised controlled trial of different models of delivery of an educational intervention and the potential of insulin pumps and additional educator input to improve outcomes. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMany adults with type 1 diabetes cannot self-manage their diabetes effectively and die prematurely with diabetic complications as a result of poor glucose control. Following the positive results obtained from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) by the Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) group, published in 2002, structured training is recommended for all adults with type 1 diabetes in the UK.AimWith evidence that blood glucose control is not always improved or sustained, we sought to determine factors explaining why some patients benefit from training more than other patients, identifying barriers to successful self-management, while developing other models to make skills training more accessible and effective.FindingsWe confirmed that glycaemic outcomes are not always improved or sustained when the DAFNE programme is delivered routinely, although improvements in psychosocial outcomes are maintained. DAFNE courses and follow-up support is needed to help participants instil and habituate key self-management practices such as regular diary/record keeping. DAFNE graduates need structured professional support following training. This is currently either unavailable or provided ad hoc without a supporting evidence base. Demographic and psychosocial characteristics had minimal explanatory power in predicting glycaemic control but good explanatory power in predicting diabetes-specific quality of life over the following year. We developed a DAFNE course delivered for 1 day per week over 5 weeks. There were no major differences in outcomes between this and a standard 1-week DAFNE course; in both arms of a RCT, glycaemic control improved by less than in the original DAFNE trial. We piloted a course delivering both the DAFNE programme and pump training. The pilot demonstrated the feasibility of a full multicentre RCT and resulted in us obtaining subsequent Health Technology Assessment programme funding. In collaboration with the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Diabetes Research Programme at King’s College Hospital (RG-PG-0606-1142), London, an intervention for patients with hypoglycaemic problems, DAFNE HART (Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating Hypoglycaemia Awareness Restoration Training), improved impaired hypoglycaemia awareness and is worthy of a formal trial. The health economic work developed a new type 1 diabetes model and confirmed that the DAFNE programme is cost-effective compared with no structured education; indeed, it is cost-saving in the majority of our analyses despite limited glycated haemoglobin benefit. Users made important contributions but this could have been maximised by involving them with grant writing, delaying training until the group was established and funding users’ time off work to maximise attendance. Collecting routine clinical data to conduct continuing evaluated roll-out is possible but to do this effectively requires additional administrator support and/or routine electronic data capture.ConclusionsWe propose that, in future work, we should modify the current DAFNE curricula to incorporate emerging understanding of behaviour change principles to instil and habituate key self-management behaviours that include key DAFNE competencies. An assessment of numeracy, critical for insulin dose adjustment, may help to determine whether or not additional input/support is required both before and after training. Models of structured support involving professionals should be developed and evaluated, incorporating technological interventions to help overcome the barriers identified above and enable participants to build effective self-management behaviours into their everyday lives.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01069393.FundingThe NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heller
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julia Lawton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Debbie Cooke
- Division of Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Mansell
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jackie Elliott
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan Boote
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Research into Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Celia Emery
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wendy Baird
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hasan Basarir
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan Beveridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rod Bond
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Mike Campbell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy Chater
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Marie Clark
- Division of Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Dixon
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Jacques
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jen Kruger
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan Moore
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Lindsay Oliver
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Tessa Peasgood
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Rankin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue Roberts
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | | | - Carolin Taylor
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Praveen Thokala
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gill Thompson
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Candice Ward
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lozano FS, González-Porras JR, March JR, Lobos JM, Carrasco E, Ros E. Diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication: a cross-sectional study of 920 claudicants. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:21. [PMID: 24533798 PMCID: PMC3937005 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) and intermittent claudication (IC) are frequently associated health conditions. Our hypothesis is that the nature, severity and quality of life (QoL) of patients with IC and DM are worse than those of claudicant patients without diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study of 920 patients with IC, divided into two groups: diabetic (n = 477) and non-diabetic (n = 443). For each group, we examined clinical and biological characteristics (including levels of glucose and lipids), the ankle-brachial index (ABI), responses to the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire. RESULTS Compared with claudicant patients without diabetes, claudicants with diabetes were older (p < 0.001), more likely to be female (p = 0.006), with a higher BMI (p < 0.001), more likely to have a sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.001) and to be a non-smoker (p < 0.001). Claudicant patients with diabetes also had significantly more cardiovascular risk factors (p < 0.001), more frequent ischaemic cardiopathy (p = 0.023) and chronic renal failure (p = 0.002), and fewer prior ictus events (p = 0.003). No significant differences between groups were found with respect to blood pressure, levels of cholesterol or triglycerides. The mean ABI of diabetic-IC patients was slightly lower than IC patients without diabetes (p = 0.016). All WIQ subdomains scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001), indicating poorer walking ability, in claudicant and diabetic patients with compared with those without diabetes. The mean E5-QD global scores and the mean EQ-5D visual analogue scale in the whole series were 0.58 (SD = 0.21) and 55.04 (SD = 21.30), respectively. Both E5-QD scores were significantly lower, indicating poorer QoL, in claudicant patients with diabetes than claudicant patients without diabetes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with IC and DM had more risk cardiovascular factors, cardiovascular conditions, disability and worse haemodynamic status and QoL than claudicant patients without diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Lozano
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca e IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente s/n, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Ros
- Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sparring V, Nyström L, Wahlström R, Jonsson PM, Ostman J, Burström K. Diabetes duration and health-related quality of life in individuals with onset of diabetes in the age group 15-34 years - a Swedish population-based study using EQ-5D. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:377. [PMID: 23607813 PMCID: PMC3640903 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes with onset in younger ages affects both length of life and health status due to debilitating and life-threatening long-term complications. In addition, episodes and fear of hypoglycaemia and of long-term consequences may have a substantial impact on health status. This study aims to describe and analyse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with onset of diabetes at the age of 15—34 years and with a disease duration of 1, 8, 15 and 24 years compared with control individuals matched for age, sex and county of residence. Methods Cross-sectional study of 839 individuals with diabetes and 1564 control individuals. Data on socioeconomic status and HRQoL using EQ-5D were collected by a postal questionnaire. Insulin treatment was self-reported by 94% of the patients, the majority most likely being type 1. Results Individuals with diabetes reported lower HRQoL, with a significantly lower mean EQ VAS score in all cohorts of disease duration compared with control individuals for both men and women, and with a significantly lower EQ-5Dindex for women, but not for men, 15 years (0.76, p = 0.022) and 24 years (0.77, p = 0.016) after diagnosis compared with corresponding control individuals. Newly diagnosed individuals with diabetes reported significantly more problems compared with the control individuals in the dimension usual activities (women: 13.2% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.048; men: 11.4% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.033). In the other dimensions, differences between individuals with diabetes and control individuals were found 15 and 24 years after diagnosis: for women in the dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities and pain/discomfort and for men in the dimension mobility. Multivariable regression analysis showed that diabetes duration, being a woman, having a lower education and not being married or cohabiting had a negative impact on HRQoL. Conclusions Our study confirms the negative impact of diabetes on HRQoL and that the difference to control individuals increased by disease duration for women with diabetes. The small difference one year after diagnosis could imply a good management of diabetes care and a relatively quick adaptation. Our results also indicate that gender differences still exist in Sweden, despite modern diabetes treatment and management in Sweden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Sparring
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ten-year change in self-rated quality of life in a type 1 diabetes population: Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Qual Life Res 2012; 22:1245-53. [PMID: 22872499 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-012-0245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a 10-year change of quality of life and associated factors in a population with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) was administered in participants (n = 520) at the 1995-1996 and 2005-2007 examination phases of the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR). Physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores were calculated. The associations between changes of quality of life and demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors were analyzed. RESULTS PCS score decreased (p < 0.001) and MCS score increased (p < 0.001) after 10 years. The development of cardiovascular disease and the presence of limb amputation were associated with decrease in the PCS score. Those who were working and retired had increased MCS; those who were working and stopped had a decrease in the MCS score. Change in visual acuity and diabetic retinopathy status did not have a significant impact in health-related quality of life scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the necessity to make every attempt to decrease complications of diabetes in individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes in order to attenuate the diminished quality of life associated with those complications such as cardiovascular disease. Change in employment status, likely due to development of these complications, was also strongly associated with poorer quality of life and suggests the benefits of preventing or decreasing complications to keep people with type 1 diabetes in the workforce.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guillermin AL, Samyshkin Y, Wright D, Nguyen T, Villeneuve J. Modeling the lifetime costs of insulin glargine and insulin detemir in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients in Canada: a meta-analysis and a cost-minimization analysis. J Med Econ 2011; 14:207-16. [PMID: 21361858 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2011.561390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two basal insulin analogues, insulin glargine once daily and insulin detemir once or twice daily, are marketed in Canada. OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-term costs of insulin glargine once daily (QD) versus insulin detemir once or twice daily (QD or BID) for type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus from a Canadian provincial government's perspective. METHODS A cost-minimization analysis comparing insulin glargine (IGlarg) to insulin detemir (IDet) was conducted using a validated computer simulation model, the CORE Diabetes Model. Lifetime direct medical costs including costs of insulin treatment and diabetes complications were projected. T1DM and T2DM patients' daily insulin dose (T1DM: IGlarg QD 26.2 IU; IDet BID 33.6 IU; T2DM: IGlarg QD 47.2 IU; IDet QD 65.7 IU or IDet BID 80.4 IU) was derived from a meta-analysis of randomized trials. All patients were assumed to stay on the same treatment for life. Costs were discounted at 5% per annum and reported in 2010 Canadian Dollars. RESULTS The meta-analysis showed T1DM and T2DM patients had similar HbA(1c) change from baseline when receiving IGlarg compared to IDet (T1DM: 0.002%-points; p = 0.97; T2DM: -0.05%-points; p = 0.28). Treatment of T1DM patients with IGlarg versus IDet BID resulted in lifetime cost savings of $4231 per patient. Treatment of T2DM patients with IGlarg resulted in lifetime cost savings of $4659 per patient versus IDet QD and cost savings of $8709 per patient versus IDet BID. CONCLUSIONS Similar HbA(1c) change from baseline can be achieved with a lower IGlarg than IDet dose. From the perspective of a Canadian provincial government, treatment of T1DM and T2DM patients with IGlarg instead of IDet can generate long-term cost savings. Main limitations include trial data were derived from multi-country studies rather than the Canadian population and self-monitoring blood glucose costs were not included.
Collapse
|
13
|
Soni RK, Porter AC, Lash JP, Unruh ML. Health-related quality of life in hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and coexistent chronic health conditions. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2010; 17:e17-26. [PMID: 20610351 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of hypertension, there has been a growing interest in understanding the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with hypertension. Although hypertension is often perceived as asymptomatic, it is associated with impaired HRQOL because of complications or comorbidities, awareness of the diagnosis, and adverse effects from antihypertensive medications. This article focuses on the literature published since 2000, on HRQOL in elderly hypertensive individuals as well as hypertensives with co-existent diseases, including chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Most of the studies found that hypertensive individuals with co-existent co-morbidities tend to have lower HRQOL than those with hypertension alone, and identified the number of co-morbid illnesses as an independent determinant of HRQOL. The most pronounced effect was noted in the physical function domains of HRQOL. Studies have also examined the effects on HRQOL of specific classes of antihypertensive drugs without specific demonstration of superiority of one drug class over another in terms of HRQOL measures. Although there is evidence in favor of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibition for improving renal and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients, its role in ameliorating HRQOL outcomes remains to be established.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tunis SL, Sauriol L, Minshall ME. Cost effectiveness of insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetes drugs compared with premixed insulin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2010; 8:267-280. [PMID: 20578781 DOI: 10.2165/11535380-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatment options are available for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are making the transition from oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) to insulin. Two options currently recommended by the Canadian Diabetes Association for initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who are no longer responsive to OADs alone are insulin glargine plus OADs, and premixed insulin therapy only. Because of differences in efficacy, adverse events (such as hypoglycaemia) and acquisition costs, these two treatment options may lead to different long-term clinical and economic outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine the cost effectiveness of insulin glargine plus OADs compared with premixed insulin without OADs in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes in Canada. METHODS Using treatment effects taken from a published clinical trial, the validated IMS-CORE Diabetes Model was used to simulate the long-term cost effectiveness of insulin glargine with OADs, versus premixed insulin. Input treatment effects for the two therapeutic approaches were based on changes in glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) at clinical trial endpoint, and hypoglycaemia rates. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Canadian Provincial payer. Direct treatment and complication costs were obtained from published sources (primarily from Ontario) and reported in $Can, year 2008 values. All base-case costs and outcomes were discounted at 5% per year. Sensitivity analyses were conducted around key parameters and assumptions used in the study. Outcomes included direct medical costs associated with both treatment and diabetes-related complications. Cost-effectiveness outcomes included total average lifetime (35 years) costs, life expectancy (LE), QALYs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS Base-case analyses showed that, compared with premixed insulin only, insulin glargine in combination with OADs was associated with a 0.051-year increase in LE and a 0.043 increase in QALYs. Insulin glargine plus OADs showed a very slight increase in total direct costs ($Can 343 +/- 2572), resulting in ICERs of $Can 6750 per life-year gained (LYG) and $Can 7923 per QALY gained. However, considerable uncertainty around the ICERs was demonstrated by insulin glargine having a 50% probability of being cost effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $Can 10,000 per QALY, and a 54% probability at a $Can 20,000 threshold. Base-case results were most sensitive to assumed disutilities for hypoglycaemic events, to the assumed effect of insulin glargine plus OADs on HbA(1c), and to its assumed acquisition costs. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be interpreted within the context of a large degree of uncertainty and of several study limitations that include a single clinical trial as the source for primary treatment assumptions and a single province as the source for most cost inputs. Under current study assumptions and limitations, insulin glargine plus OADs was projected to be a cost-effective option, compared with premixed insulin only, for the treatment of insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes unresponsive to OADs. Additional work is needed to examine the generalizability of the findings to individual jurisdictions of the Canadian healthcare system.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahola AJ, Saraheimo M, Forsblom C, Hietala K, Sintonen H, Groop PH. Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes--association with diabetic complications (the FinnDiane Study). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:1903-8. [PMID: 20037167 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily treatment of type 1 diabetes with frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels and nuisance caused by insulin administration may affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Type 1 diabetes is further burdened with an increased risk of complications which may additionally reduce a patient's HRQoL. We aimed to assess HRQoL and its association with diabetic complications in a large sample of patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Altogether, 1070 patients with type 1 diabetes (46% men, mean age 46 +/- 12 years, diabetes duration 29 +/- 13 years) from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane Study) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on HRQoL were obtained from 1023 patients using the 15D instrument. When studying nephropathy, patients were divided into groups based on their albumin excretion rate. Laser-treated patients were classified as having proliferative retinopathy. RESULTS The mean 15D score was 0.899 +/- 0.095 with no differences between men and women. HRQoL decreased with increasing age among patients with and without diabetic complications. In the Tobit regression model, macroalbuminuria (-0.036), dialysis (-0.082), renal transplant (-0.053), poor glycemic control (-0.006), ageing (-0.002) and longer diabetes duration (-0.001) explained the reduction in HRQoL. In a corresponding model, the presence of proliferative retinopathy did not have a significant negative influence on HRQoL. Of individual dimensions of the 15D instrument, nephropathy affected all but five dimensions, while retinopathy affected vision, mobility, eating and usual activities. CONCLUSIONS The 15D scores decreased with increasing age. The presence of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, reduced the subjective HRQoL in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aila J Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of "adaptation" has been proposed to account for differences between individual and societal valuations of specific health states in patients with chronic diseases. Little is known about psychological indices of adaptational capacity, which may predict differences in individual and societal valuations of health states. We investigated whether such differences were partially explained by personality traits in chronic disease patients. RESEARCH DESIGN Analysis of baseline data of randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS Three hundred seventy patients with chronic disease. MEASURES The NEO-five factor inventory measure of personality, EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) societal-based, and the EQ visual analogue scale individually-based measures of health valuation. RESULTS Regression analyses modeled Dev, a measure of difference between the EQ-Visual Analogue Scale and EQ-5D, as a function of personality traits, sociodemographic factors, and chronic diseases. Individual valuations were significantly and clinically higher than societal valuations among patients in the second and third quartile of conscientiousness (Dev = 0.08, P = 0.01); among covariates, only depression (Dev = -0.04, P = 0.046) was also associated with Dev. CONCLUSION Compared with societal valuations of a given health state, persons at higher quartiles of conscientiousness report less disutility associated with poor health. The effect is roughly twice that of some estimates of minimally important clinical differences on the EQ-5D and of depression. Although useful at the aggregate level, societal preference measures may systematically undervalue the health states of more conscientious individuals. Future work should examine the impact this has on individual patient outcome evaluation in clinical studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cameron CG, Bennett HA. Cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues for diabetes mellitus. CMAJ 2009; 180:400-7. [PMID: 19221353 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin analogues may be associated with fewer episodes of hypoglycemia than conventional insulins. However, they are costly alternatives. We compared the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues and conventional insulins used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. METHODS We conducted a cost-effectiveness evaluation of insulin analogues versus conventional insulins using the Center for Outcomes Research Diabetes Model. We compared rapid-acting analogues (insulin aspart and insulin lispro) with regular human insulin, and long-acting analogues (insulin glargine and insulin detemir) with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin. We derived clinical information for the comparisons from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. We obtained cost and utility estimates from published sources. We performed sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS For type 1 diabetes, insulin aspart was more effective and less costly than regular human insulin. Insulin lispro was associated with an incremental cost of Can$28,996 per quality-adjusted life-year. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year was Can$87,932 for insulin glargine and Can$387,729 for insulin detemir, compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin. For type 2 diabetes, insulin aspart was associated with an incremental cost of Can$22,488 per quality-adjusted life-year compared with regular human insulin. For insulin lispro, the incremental cost was Can$130,865. Compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin, insulin detemir was less effective and more costly. Insulin glargine was associated with an incremental cost of Can$642,994 per quality-adjusted life-year. The model was sensitive to changes in the effect size of hemoglobin A(1c) and to decrements applied to utility scores when fear of hypoglycemia was included as a factor. INTERPRETATION The cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues depends on the type of insulin analogue and whether the patient receiving the treatment has type 1 or type 2 diabetes. With the exception of rapid-acting insulin analogues in type 1 diabetes, routine use of insulin analogues, especially long-acting analogues in type 2 diabetes, is unlikely to represent an efficient use of finite health care resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Cameron
- Canadian Optimal Medication Prescribing and Utilization Service, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa, Ont.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Predictors of health-related quality of life in type II diabetic patients in Greece. BMC Public Health 2007; 7:186. [PMID: 17663782 PMCID: PMC1973072 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people worldwide, while placing a noteworthy strain on public health funding. The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Greek Type II DM patients and to identify significant predictors of the disease in this patient population. Methods The sample (N = 229, 52.8% female, 70.0 years mean age) lived in a rural community of Lesvos, an island in the northeast of the Aegean Archipelagos. The generic SF-36 instrument, administered by trainee physicians, was used to measure HRQOL. Scale scores were compared with non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multivariate stepwise linear regression analyses were used to investigate the effect of sociodemographic and diabetes-related variables on HRQOL. Results The most important predictors of impaired HRQOL were female gender, diabetic complications, non-diabetic comorbidity and years with diabetes. Older age, lower education, being unmarried, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were also associated with impaired HRQOL in at least one SF-36 subscale. Multivariate regression analyses produced models explaining significant portions of the variance in SF-36 subscales, especially physical functioning (R2 = 42%), and also showed that diabetes-related indicators were more important disease predictors, compared to sociodemographic variables. Conclusion The findings could have implications for health promotion in rural medical practice in Greece. In order to preserve a good HRQOL, it is obviously important to prevent diabetes complications and properly manage concomitant chronic diseases. Furthermore, the gender difference is interesting and requires further elucidation. Modifying screening methods and medical interventions or formulating educational programs for the local population appear to be steps in the correct direction.
Collapse
|