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Parente IA, Chiara L, Bertoni S. Exploring the potential of human intestinal organoids: Applications, challenges, and future directions. Life Sci 2024; 352:122875. [PMID: 38942359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The complex and dynamic environment of the gastrointestinal tract shapes one of the fastest renewing tissues in the human body, the intestinal epithelium. Considering the lack of human preclinical studies, reliable models that mimic the intestinal environment are increasingly explored. Patient-derived intestinal organoids are powerful tools that recapitulate in vitro many pathophysiological features of the human intestine. In this review, the possible applications of human intestinal organoids in different research fields are highlighted. From physiologically relevant to intestinal disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and toxicology studies, the potential of intestinal organoids will be here presented and discussed. Despite the remarkable opportunities offered, limitations related to ethical concerns, tissue collection, reproducibility, and methodologies may hinder the full exploitation of this cell-based model into high throughput studies and clinical practice. Currently, distinct approaches can be used to overcome the numerous challenges found along the way and to allow the full implementation of this ground-breaking technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Parente
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Linda Chiara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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2
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Yan J, Monlong J, Cougoule C, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Wiedemann A. Mapping the scientific output of organoids for animal and human modeling infectious diseases: a bibliometric assessment. Vet Res 2024; 55:81. [PMID: 38926765 PMCID: PMC11210181 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalation of antibiotic resistance, pandemics, and nosocomial infections underscores the importance of research in both animal and human infectious diseases. Recent advancements in three-dimensional tissue cultures, or "organoids", have revolutionized the development of in vitro models for infectious diseases. Our study conducts a bibliometric analysis on the use of organoids in modeling infectious diseases, offering an in-depth overview of this field's current landscape. We examined scientific contributions from 2009 onward that focused on organoids in host‒pathogen interactions using the Web of Science Core Collection and OpenAlex database. Our analysis included temporal trends, reference aging, author, and institutional productivity, collaborative networks, citation metrics, keyword cluster dynamics, and disruptiveness of organoid models. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Python facilitated this analytical assessment. The findings reveal significant growth and advancements in organoid-based infectious disease research. Analysis of keywords and impactful publications identified three distinct developmental phases in this area that were significantly influenced by outbreaks of Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The research also highlights the synergistic efforts between academia and publishers in tackling global pandemic challenges. Through mostly consolidating research efforts, organoids are proving to be a promising tool in infectious disease research for both human and animal infectious disease. Their integration into the field necessitates methodological refinements for better physiological emulation and the establishment of extensive organoid biobanks. These improvements are crucial for fully harnessing the potential of organoids in understanding infectious diseases and advancing the development of targeted treatments and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean Monlong
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Agnès Wiedemann
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Csukovich G, Wagner M, Walter I, Burger S, Tschulenk W, Steinborn R, Pratscher B, Burgener IA. Polarity reversal of canine intestinal organoids reduces proliferation and increases cell death. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13544. [PMID: 37697686 PMCID: PMC10849783 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical-out intestinal organoids are a relatively simple method of gaining access to the apical cell surface and have faced increasing scientific interest over the last few years. Apical-out organoids can thus be used for disease modelling to compare differing effects on the basolateral versus the apical cell surface. However, these 'inside-out' organoids die relatively quickly and cannot be propagated as long as their basal-out counterparts. Here, we show that apical-out organoids have drastically reduced proliferative potential, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining and the incorporation of the thymidine analogue EdU. At the same time, cell death levels are increased. Nevertheless, these phenomena cannot be explained by an induction of differentiation, as the gene expression of key marker genes for various cell types does not change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Csukovich
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Wagner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetBioBank, VetCoreVetmeduniViennaAustria
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group HistologyVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Pratscher
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
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4
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Arenas-Gómez CM, Garcia-Gutierrez E, Escobar JS, Cotter PD. Human gut homeostasis and regeneration: the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:764-785. [PMID: 36369718 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The healthy human gut is a balanced ecosystem where host cells and representatives of the gut microbiota interact and communicate in a bidirectional manner at the gut epithelium. As a result of these interactions, many local and systemic processes necessary for host functionality, and ultimately health, take place. Impairment of the integrity of the gut epithelium diminishes its ability to act as an effective gut barrier, can contribute to conditions associated to inflammation processes and can have other negative consequences. Pathogens and pathobionts have been linked with damage of the integrity of the gut epithelium, but other components of the gut microbiota and some of their metabolites can contribute to its repair and regeneration. Here, we review what is known about the effect of bacterial metabolites on the gut epithelium and, more specifically, on the regulation of repair by intestinal stem cells and the regulation of the immune system in the gut. Additionally, we explore the potential therapeutic use of targeted modulation of the gut microbiota to maintain and improve gut homeostasis as a mean to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marcela Arenas-Gómez
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
- Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Juan S Escobar
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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5
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Kaya YA, de Zoete MR, Steba GS. Advanced Technologies for Studying Microbiome-Female Reproductive Tract Interactions: Organoids, Organoids-on-a-Chip, and Beyond. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:160-171. [PMID: 38262440 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT) is home to diverse microbial communities that play a pivotal role in reproductive health and disorders such as infertility, endometriosis, and cervical cancer. To understand the complex host-microbiota interactions within the FRT, models that authentically replicate the FRT's environment, including the interplay between the microbiota, mucus layer, immune system, and hormonal cycle, are key. Recent strides in organoid and microfluidic technologies are propelling research in this domain, offering insights into FRT-microbiota interactions and potential therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the current state of FRT organoid models and microbe integration techniques, evaluating their merits and challenges for specific research objectives. Emphasis is placed on innovative approaches and applications, including integrating organoids with microfluidics, and using patient-derived biobanks, as this offers potential for deeper mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic strategies. Modeling various FRT properties in organoids is explored, from encompassing age-related epithelial features, oxygen levels, and hormonal effects to mucus layers, immune responses, and microbial interactions, highlighting their potential to transform reproductive health research and predict possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby S Steba
- Division of Female and Baby, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tse CM, Zhang Z, Lin R, Sarker R, Donowitz M, Singh V. The Air-Liquid Interface Reorganizes Membrane Lipids and Enhances the Recruitment of Slc26a3 to Lipid-Rich Domains in Human Colonoid Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8273. [PMID: 37175979 PMCID: PMC10179158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-rich membrane domains, also called lipid rafts (LRs), are specialized membrane domains that provide a platform for intracellular signal transduction. Membrane proteins often cluster in LRs that further aggregate into larger platform-like structures that are enriched in ceramides and are called ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs). The role of CRPs in the regulation of intestinal epithelial functions remains unknown. Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) is an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- antiporter that is enriched in LRs. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of DRA activity. The air-liquid interface (ALI) was created by removing apical media for a specified number of days; from 12-14 days post-confluency, Caco-2/BBe cells or a colonoid monolayer were grown as submerged cultures. Confocal imaging was used to examine the dimensions of membrane microdomains that contained DRA. DRA expression and activity were enhanced in Caco-2/BBe cells and human colonoids using an ALI culture method. ALI causes an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity, an enzyme responsible for enhancing ceramide content in the plasma membrane. ALI cultures expressed a larger number of DRA-containing platforms with dimensions >2 µm compared to cells grown as submerged cultures. ASMase inhibitor, desipramine, disrupted CRPs and reduced the ALI-induced increase in DRA expression in the apical membrane. Exposing normal human colonoid monolayers to ALI increased the ASMase activity and enhanced the differentiation of colonoids along with basal and forskolin-stimulated DRA activities. ALI increases DRA activity and expression by increasing ASMase activity and platform formation in Caco-2/BBe cells and by enhancing the differentiation of colonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ming Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruxian Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rafiquel Sarker
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Varsha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, 933 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Molley TG, Jiang S, Ong L, Kopecky C, Ranaweera CD, Jalandhra GK, Milton L, Kardia E, Zhou Z, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Waters SA, Toh YC, Kilian KA. Gas-modulating microcapsules for spatiotemporal control of hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217557120. [PMID: 37040415 PMCID: PMC10120079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217557120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a vital molecule involved in regulating development, homeostasis, and disease. The oxygen levels in tissue vary from 1 to 14% with deviations from homeostasis impacting regulation of various physiological processes. In this work, we developed an approach to encapsulate enzymes at high loading capacity, which precisely controls the oxygen content in cell culture. Here, a single microcapsule is able to locally perturb the oxygen balance, and varying the concentration and distribution of matrix-embedded microcapsules provides spatiotemporal control. We demonstrate attenuation of hypoxia signaling in populations of stem cells, cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer spheroids, and intestinal organoids. Varying capsule placement, media formulation, and timing of replenishment yields tunable oxygen gradients, with concurrent spatial growth and morphogenesis in a single well. Capsule containing hydrogel films applied to chick chorioallantoic membranes encourages neovascularization, providing scope for topical treatments or hydrogel wound dressings. This platform can be used in a variety of formats, including deposition in hydrogels, as granular solids for 3D bioprinting, and as injectable biomaterials. Overall, this platform's simplicity and flexibility will prove useful for fundamental studies of oxygen-mediated processes in virtually any in vitro or in vivo format, with scope for inclusion in biomedical materials for treating injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Molley
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Shouyuan Jiang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Louis Ong
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
- Max-Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
| | - Chantal Kopecky
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | | | - Gagan K. Jalandhra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Laura Milton
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Zeheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
- Max-Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD4059, Australia
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD4102, Australia
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
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Daghero H, Pagotto R, Quiroga C, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Bollati-Fogolín M. Murine colon organoids as a novel model to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection and interactions with the intestinal epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1082524. [PMID: 36968103 PMCID: PMC10033869 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1082524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). With around seven million people infected worldwide and over 50,000 deaths per year, CD is a major public health issue in Latin America. The main route of transmission to humans is through a triatomine bug (vector-borne), but congenital and oral transmission have also been reported. The acute phase of CD presents mild symptoms but may develop into a long-lasting chronic illness, characterized by severely impaired cardiac, digestive, and neurological functions. The intestinal tissue appears to have a key role during oral transmission and chronic infection of CD. In this immune-privileged reservoir, dormant/quiescent parasites have been suggested to contribute to disease persistence, infection relapse, and treatment failure. However, the interaction between the intestinal epithelium and T. cruzi has not been examined in depth, in part, due to the lack of in vitro models that approximate to the biological and structural complexity of this tissue. Therefore, to understand the role played by the intestinal tissue during transmission and chronic infection, physiological models resembling the organ complexity are needed. Here we addressed this issue by establishing and characterizing adult stem cell-derived colonoid infection models that are clinically relevant for CD. 3D and 2D systems of murine intestinal organoids infected with T. cruzi Dm28c (a highly virulent strain associated with oral outbreaks) were analyzed at different time points by confocal microscopy. T. cruzi was able to invade and replicate in intestinal epithelial primary cells grown as intact organoids (3D) and monolayers (2D). The permissiveness to pathogen infection differed markedly between organoids and cell lines (primate and intestinal human cell lines). So far, this represents the first evidence of the potential that these cellular systems offer for the study of host-pathogen interactions and the discovery of effective anti-chagasic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Daghero
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Pagotto
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Quiroga
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dijk W, Villa C, Benedé S, Vassilopoulou E, Mafra I, Garrido-Arandia M, Martínez Blanco M, Bouchaud G, Hoppenbrouwers T, Bavaro SL, Giblin L, Knipping K, Castro AM, Delgado S, Costa J, Bastiaan-Net S. Critical features of an in vitro intestinal absorption model to study the first key aspects underlying food allergen sensitization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:971-1005. [PMID: 36546415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New types of protein sources will enter our diet in a near future, reinforcing the need for a straightforward in vitro (cell-based) screening model to test and predict the safety of these novel proteins, in particular their potential risk for de novo allergic sensitization. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for allergen sensitization describes the current knowledge of key events underlying the complex cellular interactions that proceed allergic food sensitization. Currently, there is no consensus on the in vitro model to study the intestinal translocation of proteins as well as the epithelial activation, which comprise the first molecular initiation events (ME1-3) and the first key event of the AOP, respectively. As members of INFOGEST, we have highlighted several critical features that should be considered for any proposed in vitro model to study epithelial protein transport in the context of allergic sensitization. In addition, we defined which intestinal cell types are indispensable in a consensus model of the first steps of the AOP, and which cell types are optional or desired when there is the possibility to create a more complex cell model. A model of these first key aspects of the AOP can be used to study the gut epithelial translocation behavior of known hypo- and hyperallergens, juxtaposed to the transport behavior of novel proteins as a first screen for risk management of dietary proteins. Indeed, this disquisition forms a basis for the development of a future consensus model of the allergic sensitization cascade, comprising also the other key events (KE2-5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Benedé
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez Blanco
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Food Quality & Design, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Lucia Bavaro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (Ispa-Cnr), Campus Universitario Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Maria Castro
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Csukovich G, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Gotic I, Freund P, Hahn R, Himmler G, Brandt S, Burgener IA. Neutralising Effects of Different Antibodies on Clostridioides difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB in a Translational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043867. [PMID: 36835278 PMCID: PMC9962434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of intestinal disease in humans and animals, there is a strong need for clinically relevant models recapitulating gastrointestinal systems, ideally replacing in vivo models in accordance with the principles of the 3R. We established a canine organoid system and analysed the neutralising effects of recombinant versus natural antibodies on Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B in this in vitro system. Sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assays in 2D and FITC-dextran barrier integrity assays on basal-out and apical-out organoids revealed that recombinant, but not natural antibodies, effectively neutralised C. difficile toxins. Our findings emphasise that canine intestinal organoids can be used to test different components and suggest that they can be further refined to also mirror complex interactions between the intestinal epithelium and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Csukovich
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kramer
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patricia Freund
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Shin W, Kim HJ. In Vitro Morphogenesis and Differentiation of Human Intestinal Epithelium in a Gut-on-a-Chip. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:197-206. [PMID: 37310633 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) epithelial structure and cytodifferentiation in vitro is necessary to recapitulate in vivo-relevant structure and function of the human intestine. Here, we describe an experimental protocol to build an organomimetic gut-on-a-chip microdevice that allows inducing 3D morphogenesis of human intestinal epithelium using Caco-2 cells or intestinal organoid cells. Under physiological flow and physical motions, intestinal epithelium spontaneously recreates 3D epithelial morphology in a gut-on-a-chip that offers enhanced mucus production, epithelial barrier, and longitudinal host-microbe co-culture. This protocol may provide implementable strategies to advance traditional in vitro static cultures, human microbiome studies, and pharmacological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Shin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Di Cristo L, Sabella S. Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:41-64. [PMID: 37202611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures are considered a valid tool for the replacement of animals in biomedical research. By mimicking crucial features of the human in vivo epithelial barriers (e.g., lung, intestine, and skin), ALI cell cultures enable proper structural architectures and differentiated functions of normal and diseased tissue barriers. Thereby, ALI models realistically resemble tissue conditions and provide in vivo-like responses. Since their implementation, they are routinely used in several applications, from toxicity testing to cancer research, receiving an appreciable level of acceptance (in some cases a regulatory acceptance) as attractive testing alternatives to animals. In this chapter, an overview of the ALI cell cultures will be presented together with their application in cancer cell culture, highlighting the potential advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sabella
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
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13
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Ohira S, Yokoi Y, Ayabe T, Nakamura K. Efficient and simple genetic engineering of enteroids using mouse isolated crypts for investigating intestinal functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Sheng YH, Hasnain SZ. Mucus and Mucins: The Underappreciated Host Defence System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:856962. [PMID: 35774401 PMCID: PMC9238349 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.856962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces that form the boundary between the external environment and the underlying tissue are protected by a mucus barrier. Mucin glycoproteins, both secreted and cell surface mucins, are the major components of the barrier. They can exclude pathogens and toxins while hosting the commensal bacteria. In this review, we highlight the dynamic function of the mucins and mucus during infection, how this mucosal barrier is regulated, and how pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade this defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hua Sheng
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute−The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute−The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sumaira Z. Hasnain,
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15
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Ménard S, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Ehrhardt K, Yan J, Grassl GA, Wiedemann A. Cross-Talk Between the Intestinal Epithelium and Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906238. [PMID: 35733975 PMCID: PMC9207452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are invasive gram-negative bacteria, causing a wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever, representing a public health threat around the world. Salmonella gains access to the intestinal lumen after oral ingestion of contaminated food or water. The crucial initial step to establish infection is the interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Human-adapted serovars such as S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi disseminate to systemic organs and induce life-threatening disease known as typhoid fever, whereas broad-host serovars such as S. Typhimurium usually are limited to the intestine and responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. To overcome intestinal epithelial barrier, Salmonella developed mechanisms to induce cellular invasion, intracellular replication and to face host defence mechanisms. Depending on the serovar and the respective host organism, disease symptoms differ and are linked to the ability of the bacteria to manipulate the epithelial barrier for its own profit and cross the intestinal epithelium.This review will focus on S. Typhimurium (STm). To better understand STm pathogenesis, it is crucial to characterize the crosstalk between STm and the intestinal epithelium and decipher the mechanisms and epithelial cell types involved. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular dialogue between STm and the various cell types constituting the intestinal epithelium with a focus on the mechanisms developed by STm to cross the intestinal epithelium and access to subepithelial or systemic sites and survive host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ménard
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jin Yan
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Agnès Wiedemann,
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16
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Aguanno D, Metwaly A, Coleman OI, Haller D. Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 38046357 PMCID: PMC10688821 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with various human diseases of the digestive system, including obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). All three diseases are characterized by modifications of the richness, composition, and metabolic functions of the human intestinal microbiota. Despite being multi-factorial diseases, studies in germ-free animal models have unarguably identified the intestinal microbiota as a causal driver of disease pathogenesis. However, for an increased mechanistic understanding of microbial signatures in human diseases, models require detailed refinement to closely mimic the human microbiota and reflect the complexity and range of dysbiosis observed in patients. The transplantation of human fecal microbiota into animal models represents a powerful tool for studying the causal and functional role of the dysbiotic human microbiome in a pathological context. While human microbiota-associated models were initially employed to study obesity, an increasing number of studies have applied this approach in the context of IBD and CRC over the past decade. In this review, we discuss different approaches that allow the functional validation of the bacterial contribution to human diseases, with emphasis on obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, IBD, and CRC. We discuss the utility of simple models, such as in vitro fermentation systems of the human microbiota and ex vivo intestinal organoids, as well as more complex whole organism models. Our focus here lies on human microbiota-associated mouse models in the context of all three diseases, as well as highlighting the advantages and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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Park NY, Koh A. From the Dish to the Real World: Modeling Interactions between the Gut and Microorganisms in Gut Organoids by Tailoring the Gut Milieu. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:70-84. [PMID: 35220293 PMCID: PMC8889331 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of human intestinal organoid systems has revolutionized the way we understand the interactions between the human gut and microorganisms given the host tropism of human microorganisms. The gut microorganisms have regionality (i.e., small versus large intestine) and the expression of various virulence factors in pathogens is influenced by the gut milieu. However, the culture conditions, optimized for human intestinal organoids, often do not fully support the proliferation and functionality of gut microorganisms. In addition, the regional identity of human intestinal organoids has not been considered to study specific microorganisms with regional preference. In this review we provide an overview of current efforts to understand the role of microorganisms in human intestinal organoids. Specifically, we will emphasize the importance of matching the regional preference of microorganisms in the gut and tailoring the appropriate luminal environmental conditions (i.e., oxygen, pH, and biochemical levels) for modeling real interactions between the gut and the microorganisms with human intestinal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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Joo SS, Gu BH, Park YJ, Rim CY, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Cho JH, Kim HB, Kim M. Porcine Intestinal Apical-Out Organoid Model for Gut Function Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030372. [PMID: 35158695 PMCID: PMC8833427 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pigs have been used in various animal model studies on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) across both animal science and biomedical science fields. Recently, intestinal organoids have been used as a research tool for the GIT, and they have also been applied to farm animals, including pigs. However, to our knowledge, no functional studies of the porcine intestine using intestinal organoids have been conducted to date. In the present study, we developed two porcine intestinal organoid models (basal-out and apical-out organoids) and compared their characteristics. We also confirmed the possibility of conducting research related to intestinal functions, such as nutrient uptake and gut barrier function. The present study suggests that porcine intestinal organoids can be used as potential models for future GIT mechanism studies, such as host–microbe interactions, harmful ingredient tests, and nutritional research. Abstract Pig models provide valuable research information on farm animals, veterinary, and biomedical sciences. Experimental pig gut models are used in studies on physiology, nutrition, and diseases. Intestinal organoids are powerful tools for investigating intestinal functions such as nutrient uptake and gut barrier function. However, organoids have a basal-out structure and need to grow in the extracellular matrix, which causes difficulties in research on the intestinal apical membrane. We established porcine intestinal organoids from jejunum tissues and developed basal-out and apical-out organoids using different sub-culture methods. Staining and quantitative real-time PCR showed the difference in axis change of the membrane and gene expression of epithelial cell marker genes. To consider the possibility of using apical-out organoids for intestinal function, studies involving fatty acid uptake and disruption of the epithelial barrier were undertaken. Fluorescence fatty acid was more readily absorbed in apical-out organoids than in basal-out organoids within the same time. To determine whether apical-out organoids form a functional barrier, a fluorescent dextran diffusion assay was performed. Hence, we successfully developed porcine intestinal organoid culture systems and showed that the porcine apical-out organoid model is ideal for the investigation of the intestinal environment. It can be used in future studies related to the intestine across various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.-S.J.); (Y.-J.P.); (C.-Y.R.)
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Mirayng 50463, Korea;
| | - Yei-Ju Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.-S.J.); (Y.-J.P.); (C.-Y.R.)
| | - Chae-Yun Rim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.-S.J.); (Y.-J.P.); (C.-Y.R.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Hyeun-Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Live Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.-S.J.); (Y.-J.P.); (C.-Y.R.)
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Mirayng 50463, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-350-5516; Fax: +82-55-350-5519
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Vectorial Release of Human RNA Viruses from Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020231. [PMID: 35215825 PMCID: PMC8875463 DOI: 10.3390/v14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are apico-basolateral polarized cells that line all tubular organs and are often targets for infectious agents. This review focuses on the release of human RNA virus particles from both sides of polarized human cells grown on transwells. Most viruses that infect the mucosa leave their host cells mainly via the apical side while basolateral release is linked to virus propagation within the host. Viruses do this by hijacking the cellular factors involved in polarization and trafficking. Thus, understanding epithelial polarization is essential for a clear understanding of virus pathophysiology.
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Intestinal Organoids: New Tools to Comprehend the Virulence of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010108. [PMID: 35010234 PMCID: PMC8750402 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the relationships between bacteria and epithelial cells throughout the infection process is essential to setting up preventive and therapeutic solutions. The extensive study of their pathophysiology has mostly been performed on transformed cell cultures that do not fully mirror the complex cell populations, the in vivo architectures, and the genetic profiles of native tissues. Following advances in primary cell culture techniques, organoids have been developed. Such technological breakthroughs have opened a new path in the study of microbial infectious diseases, and thus opened onto new strategies to control foodborne hazards. This review sheds new light on cellular messages from the host–foodborne pathogen crosstalk during in vitro organoid infection by the foodborne pathogenic bacteria with the highest health burden. Finally, future perspectives and current challenges are discussed to provide a better understanding of the potential applications of organoids in the investigation of foodborne infectious diseases.
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